Objective To study the dynamic changes of soluble interleukin 2 recepter (sIL 2R) level and lymphocyte subsets over clinical course, the relationship between them and biochemical parameters of renal function, and to explore the role of the disturbance of celluar immune function in the pathogenesis of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). Methods The level of sIL 2R in sera was detected by double antibody sandwich ELISA method. The percentages of lymphocyte subsets were measured by flow cytometry. Results The level of sIL 2R in patients with HFRS increased significantly in febrile phase, reached its peak in hypotensive and oliguric phase and then decreased gradually in diuretic phase but still higher than that of normal in convalescent phase with values being (463.06?157.02) pmol/ml, (636.85?270.36) pmol/ml, (287.75?118.74) pmol/ml and (191.75?55.60) pmol/ml in different stages, respectively ( P 0.05). The percentage of CD3 +,CD4 + cells decreased significantly while the percentage of CD3 +, CD8 + cells increased significantly, which resulted in the decrease or reverse of CD4 +/CD8 + ratio in febrile phase. These changes were most obvious in hypotensive and oliguric phase, returned gradually in diuretic phase, but still abnormal in convalescent phase ( P

Objective To study the presence of drug resistant mutations of protease and reverse transcriptase among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 strains isolated from treatment naive HIV/ acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients in Heilongjiang Province of China and to provide the baseline data for starting antiretroviral therapy in this area. Methods The protease and reverse transcriptase gene sequences were amplified by nested-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and then sequenced. The results were compared to the subtype B consensus amino acid sequence and analyzed with Stanford HIV-db drug resistance sequence interpretation. Results The results showed that HIV strains from 49 patients were classified as subtype B'. No primary mutations associated with protease inhibitor were detected. Some secondary mutations associated with protease inhibitor were detected, which included V77I(91.5%), L63P(76.6%), I93L(74.5%), E35D(61.7%), R57K (19.1%), R41K(10.6%), A71V(8.5%), M36I(8.5%), L10I(6.4%), D60E(6.4%), L89M (4.2%) and G16E(2. 1%). Only one case had a primary mutation M184I that was associated with resistance to reverse transcriptase inhibitors. However, many secondary mutations associated with resistance to reverse transcriptase inhibitors were found, including I135L/T/R/V(81.8%), V106I(22.7%), V179D/E(11.4%), R211K(9.1%), L214F(4.5%), V189I(4.5%) and V108I(2. 3%).Conclusions The prevalence of genotypic anti-HIV drug resistance is very low in treatment naive HIV/AIDS patients in Heilongjiang Province. However, closely monitoring on drug resistance mutation is very important for preventing the development and prevalence of multi-drug resistant or cross drug resistant HIV.

Gastric cancer highly expressed transcript 1 (GHET1) is first found in gastric cancer and is a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA). GHET1 is located on chromosome 7q36.1, and is highly expressed in many tumors. High expression of GHET1 is closely related to poor prognosis. Studies have found that GHET1 is involved in regulating many physiological and pathological processes of the body through interaction with microRNAs (miRNAs) or proteins, especially in digestive system tumors, and is expected to become a valuable tumor marker and therapeutic target in the future.

OBJECTIVETo discuss the roles of serum interleukin-18 (IL-18), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and soluble interleukin-2R (sIL-2R) in the pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis C and to observe the effects of interferon (IFN) on the above- mentioned serum cytokines.

METHODSThe levels of above- mentioned cytokines were detected in 10 healthy individuals, 24 asymptomatic hepatitis virus C (HCV) carriers and 27 patients with chronic hepatitis C (before and after IFN treatment) using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

RESULTSThe levels of the cytokines in patients with chronic hepatitis C are higher than in healthy people (P < 0.05) and in asymptomatic HCV carriers (P < 0.05). The values of the cytokines show a significant positive correlation to ALT (P < 0.05). Levels of tested cytokines decreased observably after IFN treatment (P < 0.05). The grades of the serum levels for sIL-2R and IL-10 before IFN treatment (from high to low) were categorized accordingly: non-response group > partial- response group > complete- response group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe tested cytokines co-participate in the pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis C, and can be used to evaluate the effect of IFN on the immune state of organisms. Furthermore, sIL-2R and IL-10 are important for predicting the anti-viral efficacy of IFN.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Antiviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Hepatitis C, Chronic ; blood ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Interferon-alpha ; therapeutic use ; Interleukin-10 ; blood ; Interleukin-18 ; blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Receptors, Interleukin-2 ; blood ; Recombinant Proteins

BACKGROUND:Human plantar pressure can reflect the health status of the lower limbs and even the whole body,which is an important basis for gait analysis,and body mass index is an important influencing factor. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of body mass index on plantar pressure. METHODS:Twenty young college students from Xuzhou Medical University,including 10 males and 10 females aged 19-21 years,were selected as test subjects and divided into three groups according to the body mass index value:overweight group(body mass index>25 kg/m2,n=3),lean group(body mass index<18 kg/m2,n=4),and normal group(body mass index 18-25 kg/m2,n=13).A natural walking gait test was carried out on the three groups of subjects with a Zebris pressure distribution measurement plate to obtain the complete gait cycle parameters.The time proportion of support time phase,peak pressure,time to peak force,peak force and impulse volume were analyzed and the correlation between each parameter and the body mass index was analyzed by Person analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Compared with the other two groups,the time proportion of support time phase of subjects in the overweight group was relatively small,while the time proportion in the foot heel contact period and forefoot extension period was relatively large.There was a positive correlation of the time proportion of the foot heel contact period and forefoot extension period with body mass index,while there was a negative correlation between the time proportion of the arch support period and body mass index.(2)The peak pressure of the left arch and palm of the foot of the subjects of the overweight group was higher than that of the normal group,and the peak pressure of the left and right palm of the foot of the lean group was lower than that of the normal group.The peak pressure was positively correlated with the body mass index during the foot heel contact period.There was a significant positive correlation between the peak pressure of the left foot and body mass index during the arch support period as well as the peak pressure of both feet and body mass index during the forefoot extension period.(3)Plantar peak force time in the order of the gait cycle in increasing order:heeltoe/middle 2-4 metatarsal>lateral heel>medial and lateral metatarsal>arch;medial heel peak force was the largest,and the arch peak force was the smallest.Except for the toe of the left foot,there was a significant positive correlation between peak force and body mass index.(5)The maximum ground impulse of the lean group and the overweight group was in the foot heel contact stage,the minimum ground impulse was in the forefoot extension period,and the minimum ground impulse of the arch was in the normal group.There was a significant positive correlation between ground impulse and body mass index at different periods.(6)The results show that young people should control their body mass index,wear appropriate shoes,protect their feet and ankles,and prevent the occurrence of flat feet.