Objective To investigate the relationships between the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) , vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the degree of vascularization, clinicopathological feature, survival time of the patients with gallbladder carcinoma. Methods Routine paraffin-embeded sections of gallbladder carcinoma tissues in 64 cases were evaluated for COX-2, VEGF expression and MV by the streptavidin-peroxidase complex immunohistochemical method. Results COX-2, VEGF immunoreactivity were observed in 72%,and 55% cases, respectively. The average MVC was (57?14)/ HP. The status of MVC was closely correlated with Nevin staging, tumor differentiation and lymph node metastasis (P well differentiated,P0.05). There was a positive correlation between COX-2 expression and clinical stages. The positive rate of COX-2 was higher in cases of Nevin stages S4-S5 (82%) with lymph node metastasis than in those of Nevin stages S1 -S3 (50%) and without metastasis (P0.05 ). The expression of VEGF and COX-2 was significantly correlated with that of MVC (t=5.424, P

Uridine diphosphate (UDP)-GalNAc : polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransfemse (ppGalNAcT) catalyzes the initial step in mucin type O-glycosylation in the Golgi apparatus. Here generation and characterization of a polyclonal antibody to human ppGalNAcT2 were described. The subcellular location of ppGalNAeT2 in SGC7901 cell line was investigated using Western blot analysis of fractionated cell extracts and confocal microscopy with this antibody and two Golgi markers: Golgi SNARE (soluble N-ethylmalemide-sensifive factor attachment protein receptor) of 28 ku (GS28) and trans-Golgi network (TGN) 38, markers for the c/s- and trans-Golgi apparatus, respectively. Morphometric analyses indicated that ～60% of the ppGalNAcT2 signal colocalized with the GS28, while～36% of the c/s-Golgi marker colocalized with the ppGalNAeT2. Approximately 34% of the ppGalNAcT2 signal colocalized with the TGN38, whereas 38% of the trans-Golgi marker colocalized with the ppGalNAcT2. The results provide unequivocal evidence for the location ofppGalNAcT2 within the Golgi apparatus, and further highlight the importance of this organelle in the initiation of O-linked glycosylation.

Cortical interneurons can be categorized into distinct populations based on multiple modalities, including molecular signatures and morpho-electrical (M/E) properties. Recently, many transcriptomic signatures based on single-cell RNA-seq have been identified in cortical interneurons. However, whether different interneuron populations defined by transcriptomic signature expressions correspond to distinct M/E subtypes is still unknown. Here, we applied the Patch-PCR approach to simultaneously obtain the M/E properties and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of >600 interneurons in layer V of the mouse somatosensory cortex (S1). Subsequently, we identified 11 M/E subtypes, 9 neurochemical cell populations (NCs), and 20 transcriptomic cell populations (TCs) in this cortical lamina. Further analysis revealed that cells in many NCs and TCs comprised several M/E types and were difficult to clearly distinguish morpho-electrically. A similar analysis of layer V interneurons of mouse primary visual cortex (V1) and motor cortex (M1) gave results largely comparable to S1. Comparison between S1, V1, and M1 suggested that, compared to V1, S1 interneurons were morpho-electrically more similar to M1. Our study reveals the presence of substantial M/E variations in cortical interneuron populations defined by molecular expression.
Mice ; Animals ; Neocortex/physiology* ; Mice, Transgenic ; Interneurons/physiology*