Abnormal auditory responses is one of the common features in autism. The characteristics and pathogenesis of the abnormality is not quite clear. The results of electrophysiological hearing evaluation ( i. e,brainstem auditory evoked potentials, otoacoustic emissions) in autistic children are inconsistent. The abnormal aduitory responses may contribute to the poor social interaction and communication in autism.

OBJECTIVE: To probe into the development trend of outpatient pharmacy in primary hospitals, and to provide reference for the improvement of pharmaceutical care in outpatient pharmacy of primary hospitals. METHODS: The status quo of outpatient pharmacy in primary hospitals were investigated and analyzed based on practical work and professional requirement of outpatient pharmacy. RESULTS: The work of outpatient pharmacy was heavy and complex. Main function of it was drug dispensary. There was few training for pharmaceutical staff. CONCLUSION: Outpatient pharmacy should establish and improve quality management system, promote drug dispensary and service and enhance training of pharmaceutical staff to meet rising public medical service.

In order to figure out the present situation of personnel training to young scientific talents in basic research fields in China,we managed to know national natural science fund in each province from management systems,focusing on policy-making trends and new methods of cultivation to young scientific talents,for the purpose of analyzing present situation and summarizing the characteristics and developmental trends of personnel training to young scientific talents in each province.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the determination of residual solvent of ethanol and toluene in diphenhydr-amine hydrochloride raw material. METHODS:Headspace capillary gas charmatography and butanone as internal standard were used. The column was Agilent DB-624 capillary column,inlet temperature was 200 ℃,hydrogen flame ionization detector was 250 ℃,the carried gas was high purity nitrogen,flow rate was 3.0 ml/min with temperature programmed,the splitting-ratio was 20∶1,the containers of headspace injector were in equilibrium at 80 ℃ for 30 min,and the injection time was 1 min. RESULTS:With this chromatographic condition,ethanol,toluene and internal standard peak were well separated;there was a good linear rela-tionship of ethanol and toluene in the range of 0.02-0.8 mg/ml (r=0.999 8 and r=0.999 4);RSDs of precision and stability test were lower than 3%;recoveries were 95.50%-103.50%(RSD=2.6%,n=9) and 96.91%-103.74%(RSD=2.2%,n=9). CON-CLUSIONS:The method is simple,sensitive and accurate,and can be used for the determination of residual solvent of ethanol and toluene in diphenhydramine hydrochloride raw material.

Objective To study bacterial conditions in amniotic cavity of the third trimester and the delivery. Methods Patients underwent cesarean section due to various reasons were randomly enrolled in the study. Ten ml aqua amnii taken from using aspesis were cultured and the bacteria were identified and tested for drug sensitivity. All patients were not treated with antibiotics before and during operation,conventional antibiotics treatnent was used after operation. The patients were divided into 3 groups based on their status: 34 cases of premature rupture of membrane ( PROM ), thirty-four cases of labor without PROM, and 27 cases of pregnancy without PROM. The positive rate, species , distribution and drug sensitivity of bacteria in the 3 groups were analyzed. Results The positive rate was 61.8% (21/34) in PROM ,52. 9% ( 18/34 ) in labor without PROM,11.1% (3/27)in pregnancy without PROM. The positive rates were significantly different among the 3 groups (x2 = 17.29 ,P =0.000). However, there was no significant difference between the labor without PROM group and the pregnancy without PROM group ( x2 = 0.541 , P = 0.462 ). Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most common isolated bacteria, following by staphylococcus aureas, streptococcus, colon bacillus, and pseudomonas. There were no significant differences of bacterial species between labor without PROM and pregnancy without PROM( x2 = 11.9,P =0.535 ). The relative higher positive rate in the labor without PROM and PROM indicated that they were important inducement of bacteria infection. There were no significant difference on positive rate and bacteria species distribution between the PROM and labor without PROM group,which suggested that up-bound along vagina to amniotic cavity was the most common route of infection. Sensitive antibiotics should be given to the patients of PROM and labor without PROM targeted at staphylococcus,streptococcus, colon bacillus and monad. Antibiotics such as Cephems, Penicillins and Clindamycin were sensitive to various bacteria and safe to both mother and baby, thus were recommended. Quinupristin, Vancomycin,Furantoin, Fusidic ,Teicoplanin, Amikacin and Meropenem were also sensitive to various bacteria, but due to their side effects and the principle of ladder antibiotics using, they were recommended as second line antibiotics. Conclutions Up-bound along vagina to amniotic cavity is the most common route of infection. For rupture of membrane and labor without PROM patients, antibiotics should be given, and strict aseptic technique,washing cavity and incision, using antibiotics after operation are necessary to prevent infection.

Objective To explore the effect of diabetic liaison nurses on controlling blood sugar levels in patients with hyperglycemia in department other than endocrinology. Methods Four hundred diabetic patients with high blood sugar were selected from January to December, 2014 in department other than endocrinology. They were divided randomly into 2 groups equally:the control group and the observation group. The control group received traditional nursing care, while blood sugar management was carried out by diabetic liaison nurse in the observation group. Result Pre-discharge sugar metabolism in the observation group was significantly better than that in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion The diabetic liaison nurses in other departments than the endocrinology department can help control blood sugar levels in patients with hyperglycemiain.

Laminin(LN) and hyaluronie acid (HA) are extracellular matrix in liver. The effects of LN and HA on human fetal liver cells proliferation and collagen synthesis were observed and serum levels of LN and HA were assayed m patients with liver diseases by an enzyme immunoassay method. Both LN and HA had a significant effect on the inhibition of cell proliferation and collagen production. However, serum levels of LN and HA were significantly increased in liver cirrhosis comparing with healthy controls and with patients with non-liver diseases. The results suggest that LN and HA may play a role in the feed-back inhibition mechanism in liver fibrogencsis, and assay of LN and HA in serum may be useful to the diagnosis of liver fibrosis.

Endoscopy ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Trachea ; Tracheal Stenosis/surgery* ; Tracheostomy/adverse effects*