OBJECTIVETo study the effects of hypoxia and hyperoxia on the expression and activity regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) of the hepatic stellate cell (HSC).

METHODSThe expression of MMP-2, tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) and membrane type matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MT1-MMP) in cultured rat HSC under hypoxic or hyperoxic conditions were detected with immunocytochemistry (LSAB method), the contents of MMP-2, TIMP-2 in culture supernatant with ELISA and the activity of MMP-2 in supernatant with zymography.

RESULTS(1) In the situation of hypoxia for 12 h, the expression of MMP-2 increased (hypoxia group positive indexes: 5.7 +/- 2.0; control: 3.2 +/- 1.0; P < 0.01), while TIMP-2 decreased (hypoxia group positive indexes: 2.5 +/- 0.7; control: 3.6 +/- 1.0; P < 0.05) in HSC, and the activity of MMP-2 in supernatant declined obviously (hypoxia group: 7.334 +/- 1.922; control: 17.277 +/- 7.424; P < 0.01). At the different time courses of hypoxia, the change of expression and activity of MMP-2 was most notable at 6 h. (2) In the situation of hyperoxia for 12 h, the protein contents of MMP-2, TIMP-2 in supernatant were both higher than those of the control, especially the TIMP-2 (hyperoxia group A(450): 0.050 +/- 0.014; control: 0.022 +/- 0.010; P < 0.01), and so was the activity of MMP-2 (hyperoxia group total A: 5.252 +/- 0.771; control: 4.304 +/- 1.083; P < 0.05). The expression of MT1-MMP was also increased.

CONCLUSIONSThe HSC is sensitive to the oxygen. Hypoxia accelerates the expression of MMP-2 and the effect is more marked at the early stage. Hyperoxia increases the activity of MMP-2.

Animals ; Cell Hypoxia ; physiology ; Hyperoxia ; enzymology ; Liver ; cytology ; enzymology ; Male ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ; analysis ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 ; analysis

The pearly gallstone was discharged after Treatment with Magnetic Field (TMF). The pearly gallstones are measured with FT-IR spectrometer. The results demonstrate that mostly composition of this gall-stones is cholesterol and intermixture with some protean and inorganic calcium salt. Nature pearls is mostly composed with calcium carbonate. Their compositions are different. The pearly gall-stones show sandwich of cholesterol crystal in structure.

In medical follow-up studies, longitudinal data and survival data are often accompanied and associated with each other, thus respective analysis of longitudinal and survival data might lead to biased results. Joint model can correct deviations, improve the efficiency of parameter estimation and provide effective inferences by simultaneously processing longitudinal and survival data. It is a popular method in medical research. Joint model has made much progress, whereas the literature about the joint model and its application is limited in China. This paper summarizes the main idea, basic framework, parameter estimation methods of random effect joint model and introduces the analysis on AIDS data set based on the R software package 'JM’ to clarify the advantages of the joint model in processing medical follow-up data and promote the use of the joint model in clinical research.

ObjectiveTo systematically evaluate the safety of interferon β-1a for treatment of corona virus disease 2019 （COVID-19）， and to provide references for interferon β-1a's clinical application. MethodsThis study was conducted with the database from US Food and Drug Administration adverse event reporting system （FAERS） from January 1， 2015 to March 31， 2021. Information component （IC） and reporting odds ratio （ROR） methods were applied for signal mining. ResultsA total of 463 700 records of COVID-19 were selected for analysis， and 45 positive drug adverse event signals were detected. Headache （IC₀₂₅=1.09， ROR₀₂₅=2.28）， pyrexia （IC₀₂₅=0.51， ROR₀₂₅=1.51） and multiple sclerosis relapse （IC₀₂₅=3.67， ROR₀₂₅=14.71） were positive adverse events with higher frequency. Autoimmune disorder （IC₀₂₅=4.42， ROR₀₂₅=24.03）， streptococcal infection （IC₀₂₅=4.12， ROR₀₂₅=19.82）， and multiple sclerosis relapse （IC₀₂₅=3.67， ROR₀₂₅=14.71） were positive adverse events. Acute lung injury， cardio-respiratory arrest and metabolic acidosis were associated with a higher proportion and frequency of death. ConclusionThere are certain safety issues with interferon β-1a in the treatment of COVID-19， and some adverse events with high frequency and high death rate deserve further attention by medical staffs.