0.05). Conclusion The defecation function was similar between CPP group and CJP group. Therefore, the coloplasty pouch seems to be superior because of feasibility, simplicity, and effectiveness.

Objective To study the CT performances and literature review of myoepithelioma (ME)of the parotid gland,to improve the recognition and diagnostic accuracy of this disease.Methods The CT findings of 1 2 cases with ME of the parotid gland confirmed by surgery and pathology were analyzed retrospectively,the characteristics of the age of onset,gender,size,location,density,boundary and enhancement were analyzed.And then,the related literatures were reviewed.Results Among the 1 2 patients,5 were male and 7 were female,age ranged from 11 to 68 years old,with a median age of 45.2 years.2 patients had the symptom of tenderness and fever, and the other 10 patients were asymptomatic and painless preauricular mass,2 of which were gradually enlarged.All the tumors were single in this study,2 had visible capsule infiltration or unclear boundaries,and other 10 had intact or smooth edges.CT showed that the masses all located in the parotid gland(1 in the deep lobe and 11 in the superficial lobe).The diameter of the tumor was 10 mm to 50 mm,with an average of 29.1 mm.The density was uniform in 2 cases and irregular cystic degeneration and necrosis in the other 10 cases.Mild enhancement was found in the arteriovenous phase after enhanced scanning,in which 8 cases had marginal enhancement or nodular enhancement in the arterial phase,and gradual filling into the center in the venous phase.Conclusion The CT performances of ME of the parotid gland have define characteristics.The possibility of myoepithelioma of the parotid gland should be taken into account when it has continuous centripetal reinforcement after enhancement,combing with the single cystic solid mass with clear boundary in superficial lobe of the parotid gland.Malignant myoepithelioma (MM)should be considered when the tumor envelope is incomplete or the boundary with the surrounding structure is not clear.

Induced by a variety of retinopathy, visual loss has become the most serious form of disability, which influences the quality of human life. With the rapid development and crossing among the information science, microelectronics, material science and biomedical disciplines, the visual prosthesis makes reparation possible for the visual blindness caused by retinitis pigmentosa, age-related macular degeneration, and other eye, retina, optic nerve and visual cortex lesions. With technology innovation, the prosthesis design, manufacturing and surgical technique are no longer the biggest obstacles to the future development of the visual prosthesis, but how to construct effective transmission of information between the brain and the prosthesis. However, due to the complex structure of the human visual system, the visual prosthesis manufacturing and visual information signal mapping are facing some difficulties. Thus, we can only study the representation strategy of image information and micro-electrode array stimulation basing on limited pixels of simulated prosthesis visual information. By studying the visual information processing of the visual prosthesis, we propose a visual prosthesis design which is based on biological, mechanical, and electronic integration.
Blindness ; rehabilitation ; Electric Stimulation ; Electrodes, Implanted ; Humans ; Prosthesis Design ; Visual Perception ; Visual Prosthesis

Objective To summarize the effectiveness in monitoring activities for healthcare-associated infection (HAI)in China in the past 30 years,explore the changing trend in HAI monitoring,find a new model for the moni-toring of HAI in China.Methods A total of 194 comprehensive hospitals and military hospitals in 13 provinces (au-tonomous regions,municipalities)were selected,questionnaire survey was adopted to investigate the situation of HAI monitoring.Results Of 194 hospitals,184 (94.85%)had available data after being checked,incidence of HAI in secondary and tertiary hospitals were 0.78% and 1.58% respectively,difference was significant (P <0.01).Monitoring was divided into two stages,cumulative percentage of each monitoring activity before 2006 and during 2006-2016 were respectively as follows:environmental hygiene were 73.91% and 100.00%,disinfection ef-ficacy 69.57% and 97.28%,overall comprehensive monitoring 64.67% and 98.91%,surgical site infection(SSI) 13.04% and 94.57%,ICU HAI 4.89% and 87.50%,neonatal HAI 1.75% and 60.82%,multidrug-resistant or-ganisms(MDROs)5.43% and 95.65%,hand hygiene compliance 2.17% and 93.48%,antimicrobial agents 15.22% and 87.50%.The reporting rate of HAI outbreak in tertiary hospitals was higher than secondary hospitals (33.33% [n=37]vs 16.44%[n=12],P =0.01).Conclusion The monitoring of HAI in China starts late,but develops rapidly,defects still exist in HAI monitoring system,reporting rate of HAI cases is still high,reporting rate of HAI outbreak is low.