Objective To observe the effect of aqueous extract of Broussonetia papyrifera ( L. ) Vent on the ability of space learning and memory in the rats with Alzheimer' s disease (AD) induced by Aβ 25-35 and Dgalactose and to explore the mechanisms underlying those improvements. Methods The animal model of AD was established by Aβ 25-35 stereotactic injection into the hippocampus of rats in 5 minutes,while long-term intraperitoneal injection with D-gal. After the injection of Aβ25-35,rats were treated with aqueous extract of Broussonetia papyrifera ( L. ) Vent for the next 30 days. Morris water maze with computer system and the spatial exploration experiments were used to assess the behavior performances of the rats. Immunohistochemical technique was used to detect the expression of BiP, PERK and CHOP. Results The ability of space learning and memory of rats complex model of Alzheimer's disease induced by Aβ25-35 and D-gal was damaged,while escape latency was (20.90± 9.16 ) s,and the proportion of original platform quadrant was ( 11.05 ± 4.43 ) %. The expression level of Bip was reduced ,while the mean gray was ( 139.71 ± 3.47 ). The expression level of PERK and CHOP was increased,while the mean gray were (97.96 ± 5.97 ), ( 110.93±4.91 )separately. The escape latency of rats in the aqueous extract of Broussonetia papyrifera ( L. ) Vent treated groups was ( 5.41 ± 3.47 ) s and shorter than the model group,while the proportion of original platform quadrant was (48.28 ± 7.03 )% and higher than the model group.The expression level of Bip in the treated group was higher than the model group, while the mean gray were ( 121.17 ±4.76). The expression level of PERK and CHOP in the treated group was lower than the model group,while the mean gray were ( 122.11 ± 4.73 ), ( 123.34 ± 7.73 ) separately. Significant differences were observed between model group and aqueous extract of Broussonetia papyrifera ( L. ) Vent treated groups (P＜ 0. 05 ～ 0. 01 ).Conclusion Aqueous extract of Broussonetia papyrifera ( L. ) Vent can improve learning and memory disorders of the model rats induced by Aβ25-35 and D-galactose. ER (endoplasmic reticulum) stress and correlated apoptosis pathway might be involved in the underlying mechanisms.

Objective To observe the effect of chronic variable stress on the forced swimming test of rats,and investigate its preliminary mechanism.Methods First a mark was given to each Wistar rat by forced swimming test.12 Wistar rats which had similar scores were selected and divided into control group and model group averagely.The behavior changes of rats were induced in the forced swimming test by chronic stress and the plasma cortisol level was analyzed through radioimmunoassay(RIA) methods.The changes of hippocampus CA3 structure were observed with microscope.Results Compared with control group,chronic variable stress increased immobility time,reduced climbing time evidently and enhanced the weight of adrenal gland and the level of plasma cortisol(P

OBJECTIVE To assess the pathogen features and risk factors among diabetic patients complicated by lower respiratory tract nosocomial infection.METHODS A retrospective study was carried out to survey the clinical data of diabetic patients complicated by lower respiratory tract infection during from 2002 to 2005.RESULTS The main responsible pathogens were Gram-negative bacteria,their rate was 54.5%.While the rate of Gram-positive bacteria was 35.7 %.The rate of fungi was 9.8%.The risk factors of nosocomial infection included:old age,high level of blood sugar,consciousless status,longtime usage of antibiotics,oxygen inhalation and other aggressive manipulations.CONCLUSIONS In diabetic patients with lower respiratory tract infection,the incidence and mortality were all onrelatively high level.They must be given to pay attention.The chief pathogens were Gram-negative bacteria or fungi.So we should strengthen supervision and avoid risk factors,which are the keys in saving critical diabetic patients.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the hand hygiene compliance(HHC) in China.METHODS The field observation for hand hygiene compliance,the hand hygiene material and equipment were performed in parallel in 8 hospitals from Beijing,Shanghai and Guangzhou.RESULTS It was shown that the average hand hygiene compliance before contacting patient was 35.3%,much lower than the compliance after contacting patient(56.5%).The nurse′s HHC(39.3%) was the best among groups before contacting patient,but the physicians took the first place of HHC after contacting patient.The best discipline in HHC was gynecology and obstetrics departments,especially before contacting patient and after contacting other surface,comparatively the worst was the surgeons.Most of hospitals(83.3%) provided the unmedicated detergent for handwashing.The alcohol-based hand rub(ABHR) for hand disinfection was available(56%) in many hospitals,in contrast the HHC with ABHR was quite low(14.2%).CONCLUSIONS These results indicated that the HHC is relatively low and improving adherence to hand hygiene practice is a multidisciplinary and systematic approach in China.It might be essential for promoting the HHC of health care workers,especially the physicians and surgeons,to strengthen the education and enlarge the continuous investment for some hard-ware improvement.

0.05).But a positive correlation was found between them(r =0.6943,P

OBJECTIVE To study the expression of CSE1L gene sifted from the whole genome expression profiling in the aRNA from homogenous human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and non-NPC biopsy tissue samples using semi-quantitative RT-PCR (sqRT-PCR). METHODS CSE1L gene was sifted from the whole genome expression profiling from homogenous NPC and non-NPC biopsy tissue samples. RNA later RNA Stabilization Reagent was used to preserve the tissue samples harvested from the nasopharynx of NPC and non-NPC patients. The samples were microdissected to get the homogenous tissue cells and then the total RNA was isolated from them. The antisense RNA (aRNA) was amplified from the total RNA by “in vitro transcription” (IVT). CSE1L gene expression in the homogenous tumor cells of NPC and the pure epithelial pillar cells of normal nasopharyngeal tissue was investigated by sqRT-PCR. RESULTS The high quality total RNA could be harvested from the microdissected homogenous tissue cells, and then the sufficient aRNA was amplified from it. The expression of CSE1L gene was identified using these aRNA by sqRT-PCR. There were significantdifference between the average expression value of CSE1L in NPC tissue (1.740?1.105) and in non-NPC tissue (0.618?0.183; df=30, t=3.159, P=0.004). The expression of CSE1L gene in the whole expression profiling were 1.056?0.296 in NPC tissue and 0.465?0.835 in non-NPC tissue respectively (df=16, t=4.317, P=0.001) . CONCLUSION The whole genome expression profiling with sqRT-PCR could be used to sift the marker genes from biopsy tissue samples. CSE1L may be as a candidate oncogene in NPC.

A method for the determination of decabrominated diphenyl ether(decaBDE) in sediment samples at trace level using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on the solidification of floating organic drop (DLLME-SFO) and high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detector (HPLC-UV) has developed.Based on the data of interactive orthogonal array design, the optimization experimental conditions were obtained with BP artificial neural network model: 1.00 mL methanol as dispersive solvent, 35.0 μL dodecanol as extractive solvent, 10.00% NaCl, pH 5, and extraction in 10 min.The extraction recovery (ER) was 62.22% at the extraction conditions.The proposed method exhibited a wide linear range(3.5-1400 ng/g) with R~2 =0.9921.The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) of this method were 2.3 pg/g(S/N =2) and 5.6 pg/g(S/N = 5), respectively.The recoveries of real samples at different spiking levels of decaBDE were 104.2%, 98.4% and 97.7%, respectively.Extraction, concentration and separation procedures for decaBDE from the sediment sample were carried out by one step, and hence, the process of DLLME-SFO for decaBDE was shortened.

Objective To evaluate effects of propranolol on the proliferation and apoptosis of in vitro cultured hemangioma endothelial cells (HemEC),and to explore their molecular mechanisms.Methods Hemangioma tissues were resected from 7 children with proliferative hemangioma,and used for in vitro culture of HemEC.Meanwhile,cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) served as controls.The 2 kinds of cells were treated with propranolol at different concentrations of 0,25,50,75,100,125 and 150 μmol/L for 24,48 and 72 hours separately.Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay was performed to evaluate cellular proliferative activity,and flow cytometry to determine the apoptosis rate.Some cultured HemEC were divided into 2 groups to be treated with 100 μmol/L propranolol-containing culture medium (propranolol group) and culture medium alone (blank control group),respectively,for 18 hours.Total RNA in the 2 groups was extracted separately.Differentially expressed genes in HemEC between the above 2 groups were identified by DNA microarray technology,and verified by real-time quantitative PCR.Results The treatment with 25 μmol/L propranolol for 24 and 48 hours caused a slight proliferation of HemEC (P ＜ 0.05).The survival rate of HemEC was decreased after the treatment with propranolol at the concentration of ≥ 100 μmol/L for more than 24 hours,while the proliferation of HUVEC was inhibited by the treatment with propranolol at the concentration of ≥ 100 μ mol/L for more than 48 hours.During 24-72 hours of treatment with 100-150 μmol/L propranolol,the survival rates of HemEC were significantly lower than those of HUVEC (P ＜ 0.05).After the treatment with 100-150 μmol/L propranolol,the apoptosis rate of HemEC gradually increased with the increase in treatment duration and concentrations of propranolol (all P ＜ 0.05).Compared with the blank control group,186 differentially expressed genes (＞ 1.5-fold changes) were screened out by DNA microarray technology,including 128 upregulated genes and 58 down-regulated genes.Real-time quantitative PCR showed that the mRNA expression of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) and fatty acid binding protein 3 (FABP3) in the propranolol group were (9.88 ± 2.19) and (21.90 ± 8.18) times that in the blank control group respectively (t =7.028,4.427 respectively,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Propranolol at high concentrations can inhibit the proliferation of HemEC and HUVEC,and its inhibitory effect on HemEC is stronger than that on HUVEC.The inhibitory effect of propranolol on HemEC may be related to the inhibition of HemEC proliferation and promotion of HemEC apoptosis.

BACKGROUND: With the increasing number of patients undergoing knee arthroplasty in China, the complications caused by the mismatch of prosthesis with anatomical parameters arouse extensive attentions.OBJECTIVE: To measure the anatomical parameters of the knee joints in healthy Zhuang ethnic group from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, using three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction technology, thus providing reference for the design and placement of the hip prosthesis.METHODS: Sixty-eight individuals, including 30 females and 38 males, were selected from 217 healthy people undergoing CT examination. All data were imported into Mimics 15.0 software used for 3D reconstruction, and then the knee parameters were then measured and analyzed.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There was no significant difference in the parameters of the bilateral femur and tibia (P > 0.05). The femoral parameters had significant differences between genders (P < 0.05). The width of tibial platform, sagittal length of lateral tibial platform, distance between medial tibial plateau and fibular head, and posterior slope of tibial plateau showed no significant differences between genders (P > 0.05), while there were significant differences in the width of medial/lateral tibial platform, and sagittal length of medial tibial platform between genders (P < 0.05). The sagittal length of medial femoral condyle was negatively correlated with age, and all femoral parameters were positively correlated with height; while only the width of medial and lateral tibial platform were positively correlated with height. To conclude, 3D reconstruction technology is available for research on the morphology of the knee joint in the Zhuang ethnic group from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, which provides references for prosthesis design and research appropriate for the Zhuang ethnic group.

Induced by a variety of retinopathy, visual loss has become the most serious form of disability, which influences the quality of human life. With the rapid development and crossing among the information science, microelectronics, material science and biomedical disciplines, the visual prosthesis makes reparation possible for the visual blindness caused by retinitis pigmentosa, age-related macular degeneration, and other eye, retina, optic nerve and visual cortex lesions. With technology innovation, the prosthesis design, manufacturing and surgical technique are no longer the biggest obstacles to the future development of the visual prosthesis, but how to construct effective transmission of information between the brain and the prosthesis. However, due to the complex structure of the human visual system, the visual prosthesis manufacturing and visual information signal mapping are facing some difficulties. Thus, we can only study the representation strategy of image information and micro-electrode array stimulation basing on limited pixels of simulated prosthesis visual information. By studying the visual information processing of the visual prosthesis, we propose a visual prosthesis design which is based on biological, mechanical, and electronic integration.
Blindness ; rehabilitation ; Electric Stimulation ; Electrodes, Implanted ; Humans ; Prosthesis Design ; Visual Perception ; Visual Prosthesis