Objective To establish the method for determining ephedrine hydochloride and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride in Keke Tablets by HPLC. Methods The samples were analyzed by a phemomenex Synergi Polar-RP column (4.6 mm×250 mm, 4 μm), with mobile phase methanol∶0.092%phosphoric acid (0.04%triethylamine and 0.02%second butylamine)=1.5∶98.5 at flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and detection at UV wavelength of 210 nm. The column temperature was 30 ℃. Results The linear ranges of ephedrine hydrochloride and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride were 6.51×10-3-0.651 μg (r=0.999 9) and 6.27×10-3-0.627 μg (r=1), respectively. The average recoveries (n=6) of ephedrine hydrochloride and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride were 102.26%and 103.71%, with RSD of 0.34%and 0.22%, respectively. Conclusion This method is simple, accurate, reproducible, highly specific and reliable results, and has the ability to effectively control the quality of alkaloids in Keke Tablets.

Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy is gaining more and more popularity in treating patients with early renal carcinoma in recent years.Compared with radical nephrectomy,laparoscopic partial nephrectomy is a mini-invasive,safe method with satisfactory postoperative survival rate.However, there were still limited laboratory and clinical data about laparoscopic partial nephrectomy,and the experimental data of traditional laparoscopic surgery and open surgery were still used.Based on the existing data and the authors' experience,this article proposes three hypotheses for the problems puzzling urologic surgeons;the authors hope to verify the hypotheses through basic or clinical research.

Objective To explore the significance of peritubular capillary C4d deposition in histopathological changes, renal function and prognosis of the patients with antibody-mediated chronic rejection (AMCR). Methods Deposition of C4d in the kidney was examined by irnmunohistochemistry on routine paraffin-embedded sections using anti-C4d polyclonal antibody. Seventy-seven patients were divided into C4d+ group (n = 35) and C4d- group (n = 42). The relationship of C4d and renal function,histopathological changes and prognoses of allografts were analyzed. Results The number of patients with tubular atrophy and glomerular basement membrane proliferation in C4d+ group was significantly more than that in C4d group (P＜0.05). Mean serum creatinine level was significantly higher in C4d+ group than in C4d- group 12 months after renal transplantation [(379.1 + 260.2)μmol/L vs (260.5 + 175.3) μmol/L, P＜0.05]. According to Kaplan-Meier analysis, the one-year graft survival rate was lower in the C4d+ group (62.9% ) than in the C4d- group (83.3% ) (logrank P＜0.05). Conclusion Patients with C4d deposition are associated with tubular atrophy and glomerular basement membrane proliferation. The serum creatinine level in C4d+ patients was significantly higher than in C4d- group at the 12th month after transplantation. More patients with C4d deposition lost their grafts during the study period.

Objective To investigate the effects of fast-track surgery on postoperative rehabilitation of patients with liver cancer. Methods Forty-one patients with liver cancer who had been admitted to Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University from 9 to 30 in July 2008 were randomly divided into fast-track surgery group (n =20) and routine treatment group (n =21) according to the random number table. Patients in fast-track surgery group were preoperatively educated in order to lessen their anxiety. Bowel preparation was not applied before operation, and they were orally administered with 1000 ml of enteral nutrition emulsion (1300 kcal), then they were fasted for 4 hours before operation. Urethral catheter and gastric tube were removed after operation. They were orally administered with 1000 ml of enteral nutrition emulsion on postoperative day 2, and were encouraged to partake in off-bed activity shortly after the operation. The off-bed time, anus exhaust time, postoperative complica-tions, hospitalization time, expense, nutritional and metabolic indexes on postoperative day 1, 3 and 5, hepatic and renal function, immune and stress indexes between the 2 groups were compared by t test and chi-square test. Results There were significant differences in off-bed time, anus exhaust time, patients' weight, expense, total bilirubin level on postoperative day 1, 3 and 5, and level of serum TNF-α on postoperative day 3 between the 2 groups (t =7.065, 5.483, 3.754, 2.291,2.289, 3.218, 3.192, 2.434, 2.089, P <0.05). Conclusions Fast-track surgery can accelerate the postoperative rehabilitation of patients with liver cancer.

Using the new negative pressure biopsy technology, the automatic negative pressure gun and the specific puncture needle for the biopsy have been developed. Renal biopsies were conducted in 1136 cases, with the success rate being 99.9%, and 29 cases gross hematuria while the hepatic biopsies were conducted in 16 cases, mass biopsies in 3 cases with the success rates being 100% respectively. The biopsy gun has the advantages of easy manipulation, higher success rate and lower incidence of complications.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Biopsy, Needle ; instrumentation ; methods ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Equipment Design ; Humans ; Kidney ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Liver ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Middle Aged ; Needles ; Ultrasonography

Objective:To analyze clinical characteristics of primary pancreatic lymphoma (PPL) patients.Methods:Clinical features of 22 patients diagnosed as PPL admitted to Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2002 to May 2023 were analyzed retrospectively.Results:The median age was 56.4±13.3 years. The median time from onset to diagnosis was 1.0 (1.0, 3.0) months. The main clinical manifestations were abdominal pain (15/22), weight loss (14/22) and jaundice (10/22). Elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was observed in 15/20 (75%) patients. Only 2 (2/9, 22.2%) patients had increased CA199 levels and 2 (2/9, 22.2%) patients had increased CEA levels. The maximum tumor diameter was 5.0 (3.8, 6.9) cm. Contrast-enhanced CT mostly showed low enhancement lesions. Major pancreatic duct dilatation were rare on CT scan (4/20). Fifteen patients were confirmed by pancreatic pathology, of which 8 were obtained by surgery, 4 were obtained by CT or ultrasound-guided percutaneous biopsy, and 3 were obtained by EUS-FNA. The main pathological type was diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (14/22). 19 patients received chemotherapy, and 6 patients died with a median follow-up of 5.0 (1.5, 35.5) months.Conclusions:PPL is rare and easy to be misdiagnosed. Elevated LDH levels, normal tumor markers, and non-dilatation of main pancreatic duct are important diagnostic clues. It is important to obtain pathology by EUS-FNA and other methods for definite diagnosis.

Objective:To investigate the clinical benefit and application value of the Da Vinci robotic surgical system through bilateral axillary areolar approach in cervical lymph node dissection in obese thyroid carcinoma patients.Methods:The clinical data of 117 patients with thyroid cancer admitted to the thyroid and breast surgery Department of the 960th Hospital of the Chinese PLA Joint Logistic Support Force from January 2018 to June 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 55 males and 62 females, aged from 17 to 64 years, with an average age of (36.05±8.77) years. According to body mass index (BMI), patients were divided into normal group (18.5 kg/m 2≤BMI< 24 kg/m 2, n=60) and obese group (BMI≥28 kg/m 2, n=57). Gender, age, BMI, operation time, postoperative drainage fluid volume, tumor diameter, central lymph node dissection and number of metastasis, cervical lymph node dissection and number of metastasis, postoperative hospital stay, postoperative aesthetic satisfaction score and surgical complications of the two groups were analyzed. SPSS 26.0 statistical software was used to analyze the data. Results:All of patients completed the operation successfully, and neither group was transferred to open surgery. The BMI of obese group was higher than that of normal group [(31.35±3.08) kg/m 2vs (22.53±0.82) kg/m 2, t=20.97, P<0.05]. The maximum tumor diameter in the obese group was greater than that in the normal group [(13.81±10.70) mm vs (10.42±5.53) mm, t=2.17, P<0.05]. There were no significant differences in operation time, number of central lymph node dissection and metastasis, number of cervical lymph node dissection and metastasis and postoperative complications between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Utilization of the Da Vinci robotic surgical system via the BABA approach demonstrates both safety and feasibility in obese patients with thyroid carcinoma undergoing lateral cervical lymph node dissection. Importantly, this technique does not increase the risk of surgical complications, thus providing a novel alternative for lateral cervical lymph node dissection in obese thyroid carcinoma patients.

ObjectiveTaking Chuanxiong Chatiaosan prescription as the carrier， by comparing the differences of volatile components in Chuanxiong Rhizoma with single decoction pieces and compatible prescription of different decoction pieces， the differences of material basic connotation of different formulations of Chuanxiong Chatiaosan were revealed from the aspects of processing （raw and wine-processed products）， compound compatibility and dosage form （powder and decoction）. MethodThe volatile oil was extracted from different decoction pieces of Chuanxiong Rhizoma， Chuanxiong Chatiaosan and its decoction with different decoction pieces of Chuanxiong Rhizoma by steam distillation， the main components and their relative contents were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS）. ResultA total of 25 volatile components were identified from different processed products of Chuanxiong Rhizoma， including 11 monoterpenoids， 4 phenols， 3 sesquiterpenoids， 3 phthalides， 2 ketones and 2 olefins， the contents of α-pinene， β-pinene， 3-butylphthalide and others increased after the raw products was processed with wine. A total of 85 constituents were identified from Chuanxiong Chatiaosan with different decoction pieces， including 31 monoterpenoids， 23 sesquiterpenoids， 5 alcohols， 5 aldehydes， 4 phenols， 4 phthalides， 3 ethers， 3 ketones， 1 olefin， 1 organic acid， 2 esters and 3 other compounds. A total of 22 components， including 9 sesquiterpenoids， 3 phthalides， 2 phenols， 6 monoterpenoids， 1 aldehyde and 1 alkane， were identified from the decoction of Chuanxiong Chatiaosan with different processed products. ConclusionThere was no significant difference in the composition between raw products and wine-processed products of Chuanxiong Rhizoma either in single decoction pieces or in compatibility prescription， but the relative content changed to some extent， and the wine-processed products was the most obvious. There was a great difference in the composition of volatile components between the Chuanxiong Chatiaosan and its decoction. The volatile components， such as isopulegol， isocalamendiol and safrole， were not found in the decoction. Components in Chuanxiong Rhizoma processed with wine will change with the addition of yellow rice wine， and volatile components can reflect the difference between decoction pieces and prescriptions of the wine-processed products.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of persistent pollutants that are widely distributed in the environment. Due to their stable structure and poor degradability, PAHs exhibit carcinogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic toxicity to the ecological environment and organisms, thus increasing attentions have been paid to their removals and remediation. Green, safe and economical technologies are widely used in the bioremediation of PAHs-contaminated soil. This article summarizes the present status of PAHs pollution in soil of China from the aspects of origin, migration, fate, and pollution level. Meanwhile, the types of microorganisms and plants capable of degrading PAHs, as well as the underlying mechanisms, are summarized. The features of three major bioremediation technologies, i.e., microbial remediation, phytoremediation, and joint remediation, are compared. Analysis of the interaction mechanisms between plants and microorganisms, selection and cultivation of stress-resistant strains and plants, as well as safety and efficacy evaluation of practical applications, are expected to become future directions in this field.
Biodegradation, Environmental ; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons/toxicity* ; Soil ; Soil Microbiology ; Soil Pollutants

BACKGROUNDOveractive bladder (OAB) is a series of symptoms with high prevalence in elderly people. This study was conducted using the overactive bladder symptom score (OABSS) to evaluate the efficacy of solifenacin succinate for the treatment of OAB.

METHODSThis was a prospective, multicenter, single-arm, 12-week study that enrolled 241 OAB patients. The patients received 5-10 mg/day solifenacin. Changes in OABSS, symptoms from voiding diary, perception of bladder condition (PPBC) score, international prostate symptom score (IPSS) and quality of life (QOL) were evaluated at weeks 0, 4, and 12. The relationship between OABSS and PPBC score or parameters of voiding diary was also evaluated.

RESULTSAt baseline, the mean OABSS for all patients was 9.41 ± 2.40, and was reduced significantly at week 12 (-3.76 points; 61.21%, P < 0.0001). The OABSS subscore, PPBC score, IPSS, and QOL were also significantly reduced during the study (P < 0.0001). The overall incidence of adverse events was 19.91% (44 cases). The gastrointestinal system was the most commonly affected (11.31%). Around 5.88% of the cases had adverse events related to the genitourinary system. There was a strong correlation between OABSS and urinary symptoms that was recorded in the 3-day voiding dairy.

CONCLUSIONSWe showed that solifenacin was clinically effective for relieving OAB symptoms, considering the balance between efficacy, patients' well-being, and tolerability. OABSS integrates four OAB symptoms into a single score and can be a useful tool for research and clinical practice.

Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Muscarinic Antagonists ; therapeutic use ; Prospective Studies ; Quality of Life ; Quinuclidines ; therapeutic use ; Solifenacin Succinate ; Tetrahydroisoquinolines ; therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome ; Urinary Bladder, Overactive ; drug therapy