ObjectiveTo investigate the risk of cerebral infarction on pat ients with transient ischemicattack (TIA) by combining ABCD2 score and three imaging methods.MethodsFive hundred and seventy-eight patients with TIA visiting our hospital from January 2007 to December 2011 were assessed for the risk of cerebral infarction after TIA by ABCD2 score method,magnetic resonance diffusion weighted imaging (DWI),magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and carotid artery color Doppler imaging (CDFI).Cases were followed up on 2 d,7 d and 30 d for incidence of cerebral infarction.ResultsCerebral infarction occurred in 37 cases (6.40％),47 cases ( 8.13％ ) and 61 cases ( 10.55％ ) on day 2,day 7 and day 30.The occurrence of cerebral infarction after TIA in high risk group (35 cases ) by single ABCD2 score was found in 15 cases (42.86％ ),18 cases (51.43％) and 21 cases (60.00％) on day 2,day 7 and day 30.Twenty-eight cases (54.90％),31cases (60.78％ ),and 38 cases (74.51％ ) of patients after TIA with ABCD2 ＞ 3 and DWI positivity (51cases) suffered cerebral infarction on day 2,day 7 and day 30.Cerebral infarction occurred in 22 cases (61.11％),24 cases (66.67％ ) and 30 cases (83.33％) of patients with ABCD2 ＞ 3 points and cerebral artery stenosis (36 cases) on day 2,day 7 and day 30 after TIA.The occurrence of cerebral infarction after TIA on day 2,day 7 and day 30 were in 21 cases ( 60.00％ ),23 cases ( 65.71％ ),28 cases ( 80.00％ ) of the patients with ABCD2 ＞ 3 points and the carotid artery atheroma-caused bureaucratic stenosis (35 cases).There were no significant difference in the value of three methods to assess the risk of cerebral infarction in high-risk TIA groups (P ＞ 0.05).ConclusionTIA patients can progress to cerebral infarction in the short term.There are some predictive value by ABCD2 score from 2 to 30 days for cerebral infarction occurring after TIA,but it is only a simple clinical assessment method.ABCD2 score ＞ 3 points must be combined with DWI,MRA,and other tests in high-risk patients to identify the risk of cerebral infarction,thus improving the accuracy of the prediction.The combined evaluation of TIA patients will help the clinicians give better treatment and decision to this group of patients

Objective To investigate the timing and security of oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).Methods Two hundred and thirty-two hospitalized patients with ACS were collected from Jan.2007 to Jan.2012.OGTT was undergone in a stable condition at 3 months after being discharged,noting ECG and change of symptoms in patients.Results There was no significant difference in test results of proportions of patients with normal blood sugar [40.95％ (95/232) vs.39.91％ (89/215),x2 =0.051,P ＞ 0.05 ],diabetes [ 25.00％ (58/232) vs.22.33％ (48/215),x2 =0.032,P ＞ 0.05 ],impaired glucose tolerance [ 34.05％ (79/232) vs.33.95％ ( 73/215 ),x2 =0.001,P ＞ 0.05 ],and impaired fasting glucose [2.59％ (6/232) vs.2.33％ (5/215),x2 =0.441,P ＞0.05 ] at 3 months after discharge compared with before discharge when patients were in stable conditions.No significant difference was found on ST segment ECG [ (-0.12 ±0.08 ) mV vs.(-0.15 ± 0.12) mV,t =0.23,P =0.85].Adverse symptoms were not found during the OGTT examination.Conclusion Patients with ACS have a high risk of abnormal glucose metabolism.Undergoing OGTT is safe for stable status patients with ACS.OGTT should be conducted as the routine exam.Early detection and appropriate intervention and treatment are necessary for patients with abnormal glucose metabolism.

Objective To understand the current status of paediatric medication safety,identify the existing problems on nursing research of paediatric medication safety and supply reference for paediatric medication safety.Methods 268 requested research papers published from 2003 to 2013 were retrieved from CNKI and CBM databases,and were analyzed by quantitative methods.Results Among 268 literatures,60.1％ were experience summaries and discussion.72.0％ didn't use any analyzing methods.64.6％ adopted qualitative analysis.Nine categories of these studies contents were concluded,among these,literatures dealing with medication management and medication safety education for parents came the first,accounting for 31.0％ and 15.3％; while those elaborating about information technology and medication safety education of nurses were the least,accounting for 4.1％ and 3.0％.Conclusions Most of the studies were qualitative comments and experience summaries which lack of rigorous designs and statistical methods.The research contents were scattered and difficult to be used in clinical environment.It is strongly recommended that studies on paediatric medication safety should be enhanced.Furthermore,nursing guideline should be constructed by evidence-based methodology to promote domestic paediatric medication safety.

Objective To isolate and identify the putative Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) re-ceptors from C6/36 and Vero cells. Methods Molecules binding with JEV were isolated from C6/36 and Vero cells by co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) approach, identified by mass spectrometry, and detected by Western blot. The location of putative JEV receptor on cells membrane and the binding with JEV were ob-served by laser scanning confocal microscopy (LCM). Results Several molecules binding with JEV were isolated from C6/36 and Vero cells by Co-IP, and only one molecule was identified as heat shock cognate 70 (HSC70) by mass spectrometry. Antibody against HSC'70 was able to detect a 74 ×103 protein isolated by Co-IP from C6/36 and Vero cells membrane in Western blot assays. It was observed by LSCM that when JEV attached on the surface of C6/36 cells, JEV and HSCT0 protein were co-localization. Conclusion 74 x 103 molecular identified as HSC70 protein from C6/36 cells may be JEV receptor.

OBJECTIVE:To understand the prophylactic antibiotics use in general surgeries performed in the hospital where the authors work.METHODS:500copies of discharge record of common surgical cases written between Jul.2005and Feb.2006were checked randomly,and the questionnaires about the general data and medication of the patients were filled out.Then the collected data were analyzed statistically.RESULTS:The prophylactic drug use rate in TypeⅠincision operations reached up to98.8%,of which58.5%cases lacked clear indications of medication.The high rate of prophylactic drug use,improper time of drug use,and the prolonged continuous drug use were among the problems that existed in TypeⅠand TypeⅡincision operation.CONCLUSION:There remain many problems in the use of prophylactic antibiotics in the general surgeries performed in our hospital,which requires the strengthening of standardized administration of prophylactic antibiotic use.

Objective To study the schizophrenia and depression recognition rate in the mental health literacy.Methods Search and select the published questionnaire survey studies literature about mental health literacy.Those studies were analyzed by software RevMan 5.2.Results 10 researches entered accorded with the including criteria,a total of 27 275 samples,12 791 of the respondents recognized schizophrenia.10 499 respondents recognized depression.Meta-analysis results showed that the sum of people with schizophrenia recognition rate was 47％ (95％ CI 24％-69％).The sum of people with schizophrenia recognition rate was 45％ (95％CI 31％-59％).Conclusions People from different areas have a higher recognition rate than that of depression.

Objective To investigate the expression of gene Fmr1 in rats cortex, hippocampus and hypothalamus areas after the rapid eyes movement ( REM ) sleep deprivation .Methods Using the modified multiple platform method (MMPM), 126 rats were randomly and averagely divided into three groups , the normal control group ( CC), the environmental control group (TC) and the sleep deprivation group (SD).Each group was detected on day 1, day 2, day 3, day 5, day 7, and day 9, and the sample tissues were extracted from 7 rats at each time point.Immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR were operated to analysis the expression of gene Fmr 1.Results The expressions of gene Fmr1 were increased gradually in the cortex and thalamus of the SD group after 3 days ( P <0.05 ) , and the expressions in the CC and TC groups had no significant difference (P >0.05).The expressions of gene Fmr1 were decreased gradually in hippocampus for SD after 3 days ( P <0.05 ) , and that in the CC and TC groups had no significant difference ( P >0.05 ) . Conclusion The expressions of gene Fmr 1 were increased gradually in the cortex and thalamus but decreased in the hippocampus in the SD group after 3 days.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of KL-6 mucin in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant obstructive jaundice.Methods A total of 41 patients with malignant tumors and 15 with benign lesions were recruited in the study.KL-6 mucin levels of bile and serum were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP),carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9 levels were also measured using radioimmunoassay (RIA).All data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U test and Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC)curves.Results CEA,CA19-9,and KL-6 mucin in serum and KL-6 mucin in bile in patients with malignant tumors were significantly higher than those in patients with benign lesions (P ＜ 0.001).There were no significant differences in serum AFP between the two groups.An receiver operating characteristic (ROC)curves analysis revealed that the detection of KL-6 mucin in bile was reasonably accurate in differentiating malignant obstructive jaundice from benign (area under curve [AUC] 0.954).While the AUC of the ROC curves for serum AFP,CEA,CA19-9,KL-6 mucin and KL-6 in bile and 0.954 were 0.657,0.753,0.894,0.846 and 0.954 respectively.Using the ideal threshold as the cut-off point,the sensitivity and specificity of KL-6 mucin for differential diagnosis of benign and malignant obstructive jaundice was 90.24％and 93.33％.Conclusion As a tumor marker,KL-6 mucin in bile is valuable in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant obstructive jaundice.

AIM: To examine whether tolerogenic dendritic cells(DC) loaded with heat shock protein 60(HSP60) could restore endothelial function in hypercholesterolemic apolipoprotein E(apoE)-null mice.METHODS: Bone marrow derived DC of the mice was loaded with HSP60 and co-cultured with rapamycin to generate tolerogenic DC.The tolerogenic DC,DC loaded only with HSP60(DChsp) and saline were injected into the apoE-null mice at 6 weeks of age for two times at a one-week interval.C57BL/6 mice at the same age were taken as normal control two weeks after the last injection.Aorta was harvested for ex vivo vascular ring tension test.Immune parameters were also analyzed in vitro and in vivo.RESULTS: Compared with the non loaded DC,HSP60 pulsed DC expressed higher levels of CD86,and stimulated T lymphocytes to proliferation significantly,while the tolerogenic DC expressed lower levels of CD86,and inhibited T lymphocytes to proliferation.After immunization with different injection,Ach-induced relaxation was reduced significantly in(DChsp) group compared with saline group(P

Objective To investigate how to improve safety of insulin injection in type 2 diabetes patients by“insulin pen”through the rotating insulin weekly abdominal injection card. Method All the inpatients with type 2 diabetes in the Department of 3rd Internal Medicine from January to September, 2013 were enrolled in this study. Insulin Injection Card group was composed of 66 type 2 diabetes patients who were admitted from June to September, while control group was composed of 62 type 2 diabetes patients admitted from January to April. The difference between Insulin Injection Card group and control group was that the former group used the rotating insulin abdominal injection card weekly which was designed by ourselves, while the control group patients did not use the card. Every participant of both groups was evaluated at 2 weeks of treatment by percentage of patients having absence of Safety standard of insulin injection, and at the end of 3 months of treatment by percentage of patients attaining the therapeutic targets and incidence of adverse events. Result Compared with the control group, patients in Insulin Injection Card group had lower proportion of absence of Safety standard for insulin injection. The scores of rotation injection site in the two groups was 0.59±0.14 and 2.67±0.21(P<0.01). The rate of FPG target achievement of patients in Insulin Injection Card group (84.9%) was higher than that of the control group (61.3%)(P<0.01), the rate of HbA1c target achievement of patients in Insulin Injection Card group (78.8%) was higher than that of the control group (56.5%)(P<0.01). Patients in Insulin Injection Card group had lower incidence of local adverse events (1.5%) compared with the control group (12.9%)(P<0.05). Conclusion Use of the rotating insulin weekly abdominal injection card that was designed by the diabetes health management Quality Control Group in our department showed good effect in achieving therapeutic targets (including HBA1C) and decreasing safety standard deficiency of insulin injection and adverse events.