Objective To analyze the resistance of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia to commonly used antibacterial drugs,and to investigate the existence status of 3 kinds of integron(Ⅰ,Ⅱand Ⅲ)and the carrying drug resistance gene cassettes so as to offer help for better preventing and controlling the infectious diseases caused by stenotrophomonas maltophilia in local place.Methods 51 strains of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia from clinical samples were collected and the minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)of 17 kinds of antibacterial drugs to stenotrophomonas maltophilia was measured by the broth microdilution antifungal susceptibility test(Mi-AFST).3 kinds of integron(Ⅰ,Ⅱand Ⅲ)were amplified by PCR with primers designed according to registrated DNA se-quence in GenBank.The variable region products in the positive integron strains were amplified and performed the sequencing analy-sis.The homological comparison in the Genebank database was performed on the sequencing results for finding out what gene was included in variable domain of those integrons.Results (1)Among 51 strains of stenotrophomonas maltophilia,41 srains (80.39%) were collected from sputum samples,and the infected crowd was dominated by individuals aged over 60 years,38 strains accounted for 74.5%.In the department distribution,20 strains(39.22%)were collected from ICU,13 strains (25.49%)from the respiratory department and 6 strains(11 .76%)from the veteran cardres wards,which accounted for the larger proportion.(2)The drug suscep-tibility test demonstrated that stenotrophomonas maltophilia strains had the higher resistance to most of commonly used antibacteri-al drugs,some strains even showed the multi-drug resistance to over 9 kinds of antibacterial drugs.(3)The PCR gene amplification results showed that 7 strains (13.7%)were positive integronⅠ,while no strains containing integron Ⅱ or ⅢI were detected;the resistance genes carried in the variable region of integron I included the 5 kinds of aacA4,aadA1,catB8,dfrA17 and aphA15.Conclu-sion Stenotrophomonas maltophilias has relatively high resistance to majority of commonly used antibacterial drugs in clinic,and some strains show the muti-drug resitance.IntegronⅠis one of important factors for the multi-drug resistance of Stenotrophomonas maltophilias.

Objective To study the influence of hemodialysis on inflammatory state and immune function by analyzing the change of serum protein components in uremic patients before and after hemodialysis.Methods 75 cases of uremic patients confirmed by the Nephrology from October 2013 to May 2014 were selected as the observation group,and 15 healthy volun-teers at the same time as the control group.Then the serum protein electrophoresis pattern of observation group beford the first hemodialysis,after the first hemodialysis,after one month’s treatment and control group were compared with each oth-er.Results In the observation group before and after the first hemodialysis,the ALB levels were lower,α1 and α2 globulin levels were higher than those in control group.There was a statistically significant between the observation group before and after the first hemodialysis and control group (P <0.001).After the first hemodialysis,there were differences inα1 globulin levels compared with before the first hemodialysis (P <0.01).ALB was no significant difference after one month’s hemodi-alysis compared with before the first hemodialysis,andα1,α2 globulin were significantly reduced and the difference was sta-tistically significant (P <0.001),ALB was lower than the control group and was statistically significant (P <0.001).After one month’s hemodialysis,the levels ofγglobulin were higher than those in control group,before the first hemodialysis and after the first hemodialysis.There were significant differences (P <0.001 or P <0.01).Conclusion Regular and effective hemodialysis can improve inflammatory state and immune function of uremic patients.

OBJECTIVETo establish a HPLC-DAD method for determining concentrations of betulic acid and phenol red in intestinal circulation liquid, and probe into the absorption kinetic characteristics of betulic acid at different intestine segments in rats and the effect of different drug concentrations on absorption.

METHODThe rat intestinal absorption model was established to detect the impact of absorption site, drug concentration and pH value on drug absorption.

RESULTWithin the range from 75-125 mg x L(-1), the absorption rate and the quality concentration of betulic acid had a linear relation, with Ka value keeping unchanged. The absorption rate for each intestinal segment showed no remarkable difference, with Ka values in duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon being (0.151 +/- 0.0049), (0.159 +/- 0.0056), (0.156 +/- 6.0083), (0.149 +/- 0.0041) h(-1), respectively.

CONCLUSIONBetulic acid is proved to be well absorbed in intestines marked by no specific absorption site in the intestine. The absorption mechanism of the drug conforms to passive transport mechanism and first-order kinetics. The bioavailability of betulic acid preparation can be increased by enhancing the dissolution rate and the solubility.

Animals ; Anti-HIV Agents ; pharmacokinetics ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; pharmacokinetics ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Intestinal Absorption ; Intestines ; metabolism ; Kinetics ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reference Standards ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Triterpenes ; pharmacokinetics

Objective:To investigate the risk factors of post-stroke depression (PSD) in patients with first acute stroke 6 months after onset.Methods:Three hundred and sixty-seven patients with acute stroke who were treated for the first time in the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University were selected retrospectively. After onset for 6 months, the patients were followed up and divided into PSD group and non-PSD group. The clinical data, blood index, imaging data, degree of nerve damage and the patient's stigma level were compared between the two groups.Results:Totally 182 and 185 cases were included in the PSD and non-PSD groups, respectively. The incidence of PSD at 6 months post-stroke was 49.6% (182/367). The results of univariate analysis showed that diseased region, drinking history, monthly income, standard of culture, serum cortisol, total cholesterol (TC), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), Stigma Scale for Chronic Illness-8 Chronic Disease Stigma Scale-8(SSCI-8) scores, National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores and subtype of stroke were risk factors for PSD ( P<0.05). Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that diseased region at frontal lobe ( OR = 3.245, P = 0.011), basal ganglia region ( OR = 2.820, P = 0.007), cerebellar hemisphere ( OR = 4.594, P = 0.010) and serum cortisol ( OR = 1.174, P<0.001), hs-CRP ( OR = 1.057, P<0.001), SSCI-8 scores ( OR = 1.674, P<0.001), NIHSS scores ( OR = 1.283, P<0.001) were independent risk factors for PSD. Conclusions:PSD is a common complication in patients with stroke. Diseased region (at frontal lobe, basal ganglia region, cerebellar hemispheres), hs-CRP, serum cortisol, level of morbidity stigma and degree of neurological impairment are development risk factors for the PSD at 6 months of acute stroke.