Objective To establish a new methA of detecting vWF function. Methas The capability of vWF to bind collagen was evaluated with ELISA. Results The assay′s sensitivity was 0.001 U/ml. Coefficient of variation for inner-batch and inter-batch were 3.34 and 6.70 respectively.The vWF:CBA value of plasma was(90.24?22.87)% in 20 normal subjects. The vWF:CBA value was (31.94?27.36)% in 54 vWD, (35.22?20.02)% in 10 type 1 vWD, (8.74?6.38)% in 10 type 2A vWD and (0.70?0.58)% in 6 type 3 vWD,the values of all four vWD groups were lower than that of normal group( P

AIM: To further investagate the mechanism of thrombus formation and develop a new remedy of anti-thrombus formation. METHODS: The amplified DNA fragment of vWF-A1 domain was inserted into expression vector with 6?his taq (pQE-31), the recombinant expression vect or was transformed into E coli (strain M15) and induced by IPTG. The recombinant fragment, comprising residues 449-728 of mature vWF subunit, designate rvWF-A1. It was purified by Ni-NTA agarose column and renatured by Tris buffer containin g GSH and GSSG. FACS and platelet aggregometer were employed to analyse the rvWF -A1 function of binding to platelet glycoprotein Ib and inhibiting ristocetin-in duced platelet aggregation. RESULTS: The rvWF-A1 was expressed successfully in E coli, comin g up to 30% of total bacterial protein. Its purify was over 95% through Ni-NTA a garose. It was identified to have ability to bind to GPIb, its biologic activity to inhibit ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation was observed, and the inhibi tive rate was 84 7%. CONCLUSION: The above results indicated that high-level expressi on of rvWF-A1 was successfully achieved in E coli and rvWF-A1 may be an effectiv e antithromotic agent in preventing thrombus formation.

OBJECTIVETo study the pathological and clinical characteristics of a patient with spontaneous platelet aggregation of his giant and morphologically abnormal platelets.

METHODSPlatelet size and structure were observed under light microscope and electron microscope. Platelet aggregation was measured turbidometrically. Platelet glycoproteins (GP) were analyzed using flow cytometry. PCR and DNA sequencing were performed to identify the gene abnormality.

RESULTSThe patient had spontaneous platelet aggregation of giant platelets with thickened plasma membrane and increased number of granules in various shapes. Aspirin and ticlopidine did not affect the spontaneous aggregation. The expression of GP I b, GP II b, GP III a and P-selectin in the platelet membrane were in normal range. Results of gene analyses for GP I balpha, GP I bbeta and GPIX were also normal.

CONCLUSIONBoth morphological and functional abnormalities of the platelets from the patient were clearly distinguishable from that of other hereditary giant platelet disorders. It would probably represent a novel platelet disorder which had not been reported to date.

Aspirin ; pharmacology ; Bernard-Soulier Syndrome ; metabolism ; pathology ; Blood Platelet Disorders ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Size ; physiology ; Child ; Cytoplasmic Granules ; pathology ; ultrastructure ; Female ; Humans ; Platelet Aggregation ; drug effects ; physiology ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Ticlopidine ; pharmacology

Objective To investigate the effect and the mechanism of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in renal tubular cells induced by uric acid.Methods Normal rat kidney tubular cell line (NRK-52E) were exposed to different concentrations of uric acid (100,200,400,600,800 μmol/L UA) for 48 hours to induce EMT.Morphological changes of the NRK-52E cells were examined under an inverted phase contrast microscope.The protein expression of E-cadherin,α-SMA,p-Akt and Akt were detected by Western blotting.The distribution of E-cadherin and α-SMA were detected by immunofluorescence.NRK-52E cells were pretreated by different concentrations of LY294002(0,2.5,5,10,15 μmol/L),the inhibitor of PI3K/p-Akt signaling pathway,and then processed by uric acid (400 μmol/L) for 48 hours.Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression of p-Akt and Akt.NRK-52E cells were then divided into four groups:normal group (N),uric acid group (UA),LY294002 group (LY),uric acid with LY294002 group (UA + LY).The protein expression of E-cadherin and α-SMA were detected by Western blotting,the distribution of E-cadherin,α-SMA and p-Akt were detected by immunofluorescence.Results There was abundant cellular expression of E-cadherin in unstimulated renal tubular cells whereas its expression was significantly decreased in uric acidstimulated cells (P ＜ 0.05).In addition,uric acid induced de novo expression of α-SMA in contrast to almost negative staining in untreated cells (P ＜ 0.05).p-Akt were obviously increased in high uric acid group (P ＜ 0.05) and Akt changed not significantly (P ＞ 0.05).NRK-52E cells transformed into elongated fibroblast-like cells from cuboidal clustered epithelial cells.These indicated that uric acid has induced EMT and activated PI3K/p-Akt signaling pathway in NRK-52E cells.However,the above effects of uric acid were abolished when p-Akt was blocked by the PI3K inhibitor (10,15 μmol/L LY294002),indicated that LY294002 has reversed the trend of EMT.Conclusions High uric acid induces phenotypic transition of renal tubular cells probably via activating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

Objective To assess the impact of physical training on physiological function of adult renal transplant recipients by meta-analysis and to provide theoretical guidance for clinical practice.Methods Randomized controlled trials of physical training for the treatment of renal transplant recipients until October 2017 were searched in the database of Cochrane library,PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,Wanfang Data and CNKI.Data extracted from the literatures were analyzed with RevMan software (version 5.3).Results A total of 10 studies in 10 manuscripts met the inclusion criteria,and 557 cases were included.Meta-analysis results were as follows.Compared with the control group (routine drug therapy),the level of peak exercise oxygen uptake (peak VO2) was significantly increased in physical training group (routine drug therapy and physical training) (MD=2.40,95％ CI 0.15-4.64,P=0.04).However,there was no statistically significant difference in the change of blood lipid,blood pressure,hemoglobin and serum creatinine between the two groups (all P ＞0.05).Conclusions Physical training can improve cardio respiratory fitness of renal transplant recipients in the early stage,but it has no obvious effect on blood pressure,blood lipid,hemoglobin and blood creatinine.

Objective To investigate the promoting effect of histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) expression on insulin resistance (IR) in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) cells by establishing an HepG2 cell model of high fat-induced NAFLD. Methods HepG2 cells were divided into control group, model group (OA), and inhibitor group (OA+pyroxamide [an HDAC1 inhibitor]). CCK-8 assay was used to plot the standard growth curve of HepG2 cells and screen out the optimal drug concentration and action time of OA and pyroxamide; oil red O staining was used to compare the accumulation of lipid droplets in cells; an automatic biochemical analyzer was used to analyze the content of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), triglyceride (TG), and total cholesterol (TC) in cells; quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot were used to measure the mRNA and protein expression levels of HDAC1 and insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) in cells. A one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison of continuous data between multiple groups, and the least significant difference t -test was used for further comparison between two groups. Results OA treatment at a concentration of 0.25 mmol/L for 24 hours was the optimal concentration and duration of cell modeling, and treatment at a concentration of 20 μmol/L for 24 hours was the optimal administration concentration and duration of pyroxamide. Compared with the control group, the model group had significant increases in the content of ALT, AST, TG, and TC, and compared with the model group, the inhibitor group had significant reductions in the content of ALT, AST, TG, and TC (all P < 0.05). The model group had significantly higher mRNA and protein expression levels of HDAC1 than the control group, while the inhibitor group had significantly lower expression levels than the model group (all P < 0.05); the model group had significantly lower mRNA and protein expression levels of IRS-1 than the control group, while the inhibitor group had significantly higher expression levels than the model group (all P < 0.05). Conclusion HDAC1 participates in the development and progression of NAFLD by inhibiting the expression of IRS-1 molecule and promoting IR, and the HDAC1 inhibitor pyroxamide can exert a protective effect on the liver by alleviating IR.

Objective To analyze the effects of Hual qi huang granules on children with mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia.Methods A randomized,multicenter parallel controlled clinical trial was carried out.A total of 3 000 cases of hospitalized children with mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia were selected.All of them were given treatment for mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia with macrolide antibiotics and symptomatic treatment.They were randomly divided into 2 groups:research group and control group.The children of research group were give oral Huai qi huang granules for three months.According to the classification of pneumonia,these two groups were divided into:lobar pneumonia research group,lobar pneumonia control group,lobular pneumonia research group,lobular pneumonia control group.The hospitalization duration of fever,length of hospital stay,the absorption area of lung inflammation and pneumonia severity sores were observed.The frequency of upper respiratory infections,bronchitis,pneumonia were observed in 3 months after discharge.Results 2 378 cases were investigated.The hospitalization duration of fever,length of hospital stay of research group were significantly shorter than that of in control group (P ＜ 0.001).The children with lobar pneumonia,2 weeks after treatment,the absorption of consolidation of the lobar pneumonia research group is significantly better than lobar pneumonia control group (P ＜0.001).After two weeks treatment,the pneumonia scores of lobar pneumonia research group is lower than lobar pneumonia control group (P ＜ 0.05).Followup of 3 months after hospital discharge,frequency of upper respiratory infection and bronchitis of research group,were significantly lower than that of control.In addition,appetite increased significantly in research group than control (P ＜ 0.001).There are 21 cases with drug associated adverse reactions (mild diarrhea),including 12 cases of research group,9 cases of control group,and there was no statistical significance (P ＞0.05).Conclusion Standard treatment combined with oral Huai qi huang granules in the treatment of mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia,can significantly shorten hospitalization duration of fever,length of hospital stay and reduce the severity score of pneumonia.Three months oral Huai qi huang granules can significant reduce the frequency of respiratory infections and bronchitis,also can increase patients appetite,and be safe.

OBJECTIVE：To preliminarily investigate the improveme nt effects and mechanism of Mongolian medicine Saorilao-4 decoction on specific pulmonary fibrosis model rats. METHODS ：Male SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group ，model group ，positive control group （pirfenidone，0.163 g/kg）and Saorilao- 4 decoction low ，medium and high dose groups （0.899，1.798，3.596 g/kg），8 rats in each group. Except for normal control group ，other groups were given 6 mg/mL bleomycin intratracheally at 5 mg/kg once to induce the specific pulmonary fibrosis model. From the first day after modeling ， normal control group and model group were given normal saline intragastrically ，other groups were given corresponding drugs intragastrically，once a day ，10 mL/kg，for 4 weeks. During the experimental period ，the general condition of the rats in each group was observed and the body mass was weighed. Twenty-four h after last medication ，the appearance morphology of rat l ung in each group were observed. The morphological characteristics of lung tissues were observed by HE and Masson staining. ELISA was adopted to determine the activity of SOD and the content of MDA in serum ，the contents of hydroxyproline （HYP），IL-1β，IL-6，hyaluronidase（HA），laminin（LN）precollagen type Ⅲ（PC-Ⅲ）and collagen type Ⅳ（Col-Ⅳ）in lung tissue. RT-PCR was used to determine the mRNA 发。E-mail：bwf007007@sina.com expression of TGF-β 1，Smad3 and Smad 7 in lung tissue. RESULTS：Compared with model group ，the activity ，hair and diet of the rats in each dose group of Saorilao- 4 decoction and positive control group were significant ly improved ，and the body mass after the last administration was significantly increased ； the pathological change of lung and pulmonary fibrosis were significantly improved ，and the activity of SOD in serum was increased significantly. Serum content of MDA （except for Saorilao- 4 decoction medium dose group ），the contents of HYP （except for Saorilao- 4 decoction high dose group ），IL-1β，IL-6，HA，LN，PC-Ⅲ，Col-Ⅳ（except for Saorilao- 4 decoction high dose group）as well as mRNA expression of TGF-β1 and Smad 3 in lung tissue were significantly decreased ；mRNA expression of Smad 7 was significantly increased （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS ：Saorilao-4 decoction can significantly improve the lung pathological changes ，delay and reverse the progression of pulmonary fibrosis in specific pulmonary fibrosis model rats ，the mechanism of which may be related to the inhibition of inflammatory response ， improvement of lipid peroxidation ， down-regulation of TGF-β1 and Smad 3 mRNA expression ，and up-regulation of Smad 7 mRNA expression.