This paper analyzes the present situation of intellectualization of hospital outpatient service building,points out its characteristics and disposition requirement,and proposes the design of intellectualized outpatient service.After rectifying outpatient procedure,our hospital designs and practices the new one,which provides humanism service for outpatient.

OBJECTIVETo assess the association of cognitive functions with gender, age, education and polymorphism of dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) gene in healthy adults.

METHODSFour hundred and fifty-five healthy participants have completed 3 cognitive function tests including Tower of Hanoi (TOH), Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and Trail Making Test (TMT). Peripheral blood samples were collected from all participants, and genomic DNA was extracted according to a standard phenol-chloroform procedure. Rs3758653 in the promoter region of the DRD4 gene was genotyped using Illumina GoldenGate genotyping assay.

RESULTSMales have performed better than females in terms of TOH executive time and TOH total score, but did worse in TOH planning time. Most of the measured cognitive domains were affected by age and education. Cognitive ability has decreased along with increased age and decline of educational years. The polymorphism of rs3758653 has mainly correlated with the TOH executive time. Compared with A allele carriers, G allele carriers did worse in TOH executive time.

CONCLUSIONGender, age, education and the rs3758653 polymorphism of the DRD4 gene play an important role in cognitive functions in healthy adults.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Cognition ; Education ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Receptors, Dopamine D4 ; genetics ; Sex Factors ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of risperidone, an antipsychotic drug, on the Akt-GSK3β pathway and the role of PI3K in dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) expression and Akt-GSK3β signal pathway.

METHODSHuman glioma cells (U251) were cultured in vitro. Cells without any treatment as control, Western blotting was used for measuring the expression of Akt (Thr308 and Ser473) and GSK3β (Ser9) protein phosphorylation by risperidone and LY294002 in U251 cell, and real-time PCR was used for detecting the expression of DRD2 mRNA.

RESULTSRisperidone has significantly enhanced the expression of phosphorylated Akt and phosphorylated GSK3β (P< 0.05), but did not alter the mRNA expression of DRD2. LY294002 could reduce the phosphorylation of Akt and GSK3β (P< 0.01, P< 0.05), and also decrease the DRD2 mRNA (P<0 .05).

CONCLUSIONRisperidone can activate the Akt-GSK3β signaling pathway in the U251 cells, and PI3K is a common regulatory site in Akt-GSK3β signaling and D2 receptor gene expression.

Antipsychotic Agents ; pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Glioma ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta ; Humans ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ; genetics ; metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; genetics ; metabolism ; Risperidone ; pharmacology ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects

OBJECTIVETo explore the association of a functional polymorphism Val158Met of COMT gene and attention and executive function in first-episode treatment-naive patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls.

METHODSTrail making test (TMT) and clinical performances were evaluated in 103 first-episode treatment-naive patients with schizophrenia and 99 healthy controls. Polymorphism of COMT Val158Met was analyzed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. A general linear model was used to investigate the effect of genotype subgroups on the attention and executive function.

RESULTSThere was a significant difference between control subjects and patients with schizophrenia on the TMT-A and B. However, no significant difference among Val/Val, Val/Met and Met/Met on the TMT-A and B in control subjects and patients with schizophrenia was detected.

CONCLUSIONThe association among COMT Met variant and trail making testing (attention and executive function) has been replicated. However, no association of COMT Met variant with disruption of dopaminergic influence on neurocognitive function was detected. This may be due to the heterogeneity of population.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Attention ; physiology ; Catechol O-Methyltransferase ; genetics ; Executive Function ; physiology ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Schizophrenia ; genetics ; physiopathology ; Schizophrenic Psychology ; Trail Making Test ; Young Adult