Objective To investigate the preventive effect of spironolactone on hepatic fibrosis. Methods Ninety SD rats were randomly divided into three groups. Control group consisted of 8 rats that , fed by normal food, were injected with peanut oil subcutaneously. Model group consisted of 42 rats whose liver fibrosis was induced by compound factors. Spiro nolactone-prevention group consisted of 40 rats that were given 100 mg?kg -1 spironolactone per day, by the same methods of making models as those of the model group. At the end of weeks 2, 4, 6 and 8, 8 rats were randomly taken out of model group and spironol actone group and then were sacrificed. The expressions of TGF- ? 1 , PDGF- BB and ? -SMA in hepatic tissues were detected with immunohistochemical met hods. Results The expressions of TGF- ? 1 , PDGF-BB a nd ? -SMA in spironolactone group decreased greatly than those in model gro up ( P

Transient receptor potential M2 (TRPM2) ion channel is a non-selective cationic channel that can permeate calcium ions, and plays an important role in neuroinflammation, ischemic reperfusion brain injury, neurodegenerative disease, neuropathic pain, epilepsy and other neurological diseases. In ischemic reperfusion brain injury, TRPM2 mediates neuronal death by modulating the different subunits of glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor in response to calcium/zinc signal. In Alzheimer's disease, TRPM2 is activated by reactive oxygen species generated by β-amyloid peptide to form a malignant positive feedback loop that induces neuronal death and is involved in the pathological process of glial cells by promoting inflammatory response and oxidative stress. In epilepsy, the TRPM2-knockout alleviates epilepsy induced neuronal degeneration by inhibiting autophagy and apoptosis related proteins. The roles of TRPM2 channel in the pathogenesis of various central nervous system diseases and its potential drug development and clinical application prospects are summarized in this review.
Amyloid beta-Peptides/metabolism* ; Humans ; Neurodegenerative Diseases ; Neuroglia ; TRPM Cation Channels/genetics* ; Transient Receptor Potential Channels

Objective To investigate the clinical pathological characteristics and the prognosis of the invasive micropapillary carcinoma (IMPC) of breast cancer.Methods The clinical pathological characteristics of 47 IMPC patients treated in the Second Hospital of Jilin University from Jan.2010 to Dec.2016 were retrospectively analyzed.A long term survival has been followed.Results 47 IMPC patients were all female.The median age was 56(34-76) years old.The median diameter of the tumor was 1.9(0.8-7.0) cm.The rate of axillary lymph node metastasis was 66.7％ (30/44),the median number of axillary lymph node metastasis was 9.5 (1-55),and the metastasis number of 1 to 3 accounted for 43.3％ (13/30),the metastasis number of 4 to 9 accounted for 6.7％ (2/30),and the metastasis number more than 10 accounted for 50％ (15/30).The lymphatic invasion rate was 40.2％(39/97),and the skin and (or) the nipple invasion rate was 15.6％(7/45).The positive rate of ER,PR,HER2,E-Cadherin was 95.7％(44/46),91.3％(42/46),10.5％(4/38),100％(40/40),respectively.The tumor cell growth index marked by Ki-67 was 1％-80％,and 78.3％ patients' tumor cell growth index marked by Ki-67 were more than 20％.Conclusions IMPC is a relatively rare special type of breast cancer,which typically occurs at middle-aged and old female.The expression of ER,PR,E-Cadherin is high and the expression of HER2 is low.It has strong ability and high positive rate of lymph node metastasis,lymphatic invasion,and poor prognosis.

Objective:To investigate clinical features and prognosis of purulent meningitis in premature infants versus full-term infants and to better understand purulent meningitis and improve the diagnosis and treatment of purulent meningitis in infants. Methods:The clinical data of 54 infants with purulent meningitis who received treatment in Shanxi Children's Hospital, China between January 2017 and December 2019 were included in this study. The included infants were divided into preterm group (gestational age < 37 weeks, n = 11) and full-term group (gestational age 37-42 weeks, n = 43) according to different gestational ages. Clinical features and cerebrospinal fluid biochemical indexes (white blood cell count, protein concentration, glucose level) as well as total effective rate were compared between the preterm and full-term groups. Results:The main clinical features of neonatal purulent meningitis were fever, bradykinesia, low amount of milk intake, convulsion, lethargy, irritability, increased intracranial pressure, hypotonia or hypertonia. Hypotonia was the prominent manifestation in the preterm group, while fever, convulsion and bradykinesia were the prominent manifestations in the full-term group. White blood cell count and cerebrospinal fluid glucose level in the preterm group were significantly higher than those in the full-term group ( t = 2.215, 2.023, both P < 0.05), but cerebrospinal fluid protein level in the preterm group was significantly higher than that in the full-term group ( t = 2.437, P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in total effective rate between preterm and full-term groups [90.91% (10/11) vs. 90.70% (39/43), χ2 = 0.001, P > 0.05]. Conclusion:The clinical features of neonatal purulent meningitis are not specific, and the clinical features of premature infants with purulent meningitis are not typical. It is necessary to carefully observe the clinical manifestations of premature infants with purulent meningitis and detect the biochemical indexes of cerebrospinal fluid to strive for early diagnosis and treatment.

Objective:To investigate the expression level of TRPM7 in breast cancer tissues and adjacent carcinoma tissues and to analyze its clinicalpathological characteristics.Methods:The expressions of TRPM7 in 87 breast cancer and 47 adjacent tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry, and then the relationship between expression and clinicopathological characteristics was analyzed.Results:The positive rate of TRPM7 in breast cancer tissues was 66.7%, significantly higher than that in para-cancer tissues (10.6%) ( P<0.001) . Meanwhile, TRPM7 expression was much higher in those with tumor diameter≥2 cm ( P=0.023) , TNM stage III ( P=0.001) and lymph node metastasis ( P=0.015) . The expression of TRPM7 has nothing to do with patients’ age ( P=0.455) or histological grade ( P=0.577) . Conclusions:High expression of TRPM7 is associated with the development of breast cancer. TRPM7 may become a potential biological indicator to monitor the prognosis of breast cancer in the future.

Objective To introduce a new method of trans-superior limb of cerebellopontine fissure approach for exploring and managing superomedial responsible vessels of facial nerve of patients with hemifacial spasm.Methods Clinical data of 21 patients with hemifacial spasm among 183 consecutive patients were analyzed retrospectively in our hospital from February 2009 to December 2013.Dissection of the superior limb of the cerebellopontine fissure was performed to explore the distribution and the severity of compression of the superomedial responsible vessels of the facial nerve,and microvascular decompression was performed.Results Neurovascular compression was found in all of the patients,primary responsible vessels were found in 13 patients,and secondary responsible vessels were found in 8 patients.Complete spasm alleviation was achieved immediately after operation in 18 patients,and complete spasm alleviation was achieved in all of the patients 3 months after operation.No severn complications occurred and no patient died.No recurrence was noted after an average 56 months of follow-up.Conclusion The trants-superior limb of cerebellopontine fissure approach could avoid the defects of standard suboccipital retrosigrnoidal approach,which allows easy identification and management of the superomedial responsible vessels of the facial nerve of patients with hemifacial spasm;thus,high consistent successful rate and low complication rate could be found.

Objective:To monitor and evaluate in vivo dose changes of intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) in patients with cervical cancer in a real-time manner. Methods:Twelve patients with cervical cancer admitted to our hospital were enrolled in this study. The in vivo doses were monitored by PerFRACTION?. Electronic portal imaging device (EPID) were collected in each treatment fraction for two-dimensional in vivo dose verification[γ index and dose difference (DD) index]. Log files were recorded for three-dimensional in vivo dose verification (γ index). The correlation between in vivo dose and treatment duration was analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis. Results:A total of 206 sets of EPID images and corresponding Log files were collected. The three-dimensional in vivo dose verification γ 1%/1mm of all patients was not correlated with treatment fraction ( P>0.05). Among them, the absolute difference of γ 1%/1mm of 94.66% fractions was< 1%. The mean DD 3% of two-dimensional in vivo dose verification of all patients was negatively correlated with treatment fraction ( P<0.05). Among which, the average γ 3%/3mm of 9 patients was>89% in the treatment fractions, and the average γ 3%/3mm of 98.57% fractions of these 9 patients was>93%. The other 3 patients had an average γ 3%/3mm ranged from 38% to 100%. CBCT images showed that the bladder volume of these 3 patients was significantly decreased with the relative changes by 82.08%, 84.41% and 73.59%, respectively, and the target area was retracted significantly with the relative changes by 38.12%, 59.79% and 24.46%, respectively. Conclusion:Combined with γ index and DD index, PerFRACTION? can monitor the mechanical stability of accelerator and MU delivery accuracy during treatment fractions, and monitor the changes of in vivo dose in patients with cervical cancer, which can improve the safety and quality assurance of IMRT for cervical cancer patients and provide guidance for patients with adaptive radiotherapy.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most prevalent cardiac arrhythmia seen in clinical settings, which has been associated with substantial rates of mortality and morbidity. However, clinically available drugs have limited efficacy and adverse effects. We aimed to investigate the mechanisms of action of andrographolide (Andr) with respect to AF. We used network pharmacology approaches to investigate the possible therapeutic effect of Andr. To define the role of Andr in AF, HL-1 cells were pro-treated with Andr for 1 h before rapid electronic stimulation (RES) and rabbits were pro-treated for 1 d before rapid atrial pacing (RAP). Apoptosis, myofibril degradation, oxidative stress, and inflammation were determined. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed to investigate the relevant mechanism. Andr treatment attenuated RAP-induced atrial electrophysiological changes, inflammation, oxidative damage, and apoptosis both in vivo and in vitro. RNA-seq indicated that oxidative phosphorylation played an important role. Transmission electron microscopy and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content assay respectively validated the morphological and functional changes in mitochondria. The translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) to the nucleus and the molecular docking suggested that Andr might exert a therapeutic effect by influencing the Keap1-Nrf2 complex. In conclusions, this study revealed that Andr is a potential preventive therapeutic drug toward AF via activating the translocation of Nrf2 to the nucleus and the upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) to promote mitochondrial bioenergetics.
Animals ; Rabbits ; Atrial Fibrillation/metabolism* ; Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1/metabolism* ; Signal Transduction ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2/pharmacology* ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Oxidative Stress ; Energy Metabolism ; Mitochondria/metabolism* ; Inflammation/metabolism* ; Heme Oxygenase-1