Obsevation on the circulating endothelial cells (CEC) can be used to study the changes of the vascular endothelial cells (VEC) in vivo,which is quite valuable in its clinical application.Neverthiless.the origin of CEC remains not clarified.In this study,the origin of CEC was investigated with cultures of the endothelial cells of human umbilical vein.It was found that CEC is a kind of cells existing in circulating blood and originating from desquamated VEC under physiological conditions.The direct proof of this conversion was provided.And the conversion of VEC to CEC is a process of steady progression.

Objective The purpose of this study was to determine the indication,methods,safety and efficacy of hepatic resection for metastatic carcinoma of the liver. Methods Sixty-nine consecutive hepatic resections in 67 patients with secondary carcinoma of the liver were reviewed. Results One case died and operative mortality rate was 1.5 %.Median follow-up was 5 years, ranging from 1 to 7 years. The 1、3、5-year survival rates for all patients were 28.36%、 19.40% 、and 11.94% respectively. The survival rate of over 5-years in the hepatic resection for metastatic colorectal carcinoma was 21.43%. Conclusions Surgical resection of metastatic disease to liver is not only safe but also curative. We recommend that for any patient with metastatic carcinoma of the liver, an anatomic distribution of tumors to preserve hepatic function after resection and fitness to withstand the procedure should be considered for resection.

Objective: To investigate the clinical effect of total cystectomy and W-shaped orthotopic ileal neobladder for bladder cancer. Methods: Total cystectomy and W-shaped orthotopic ileal neobladder were performed on 29 male patients and 3 female patients. Atfer the cystectomy, 35-40 cm terminal ileal segment was isolated to make W-shaped orthotopic ileal neobladder. Bilateral uretero-ileal anastomoses were constructed by nipple technique, urethral stump was sutured to the lowest portion of the ileal pouch. Results: All surgeries were completed successfully. Patients were able to void by increasing the abdominal pressure, daytime continence rate was 87.5% and nighttime continence rate was 78.1%. The mean neobladder capacity was 410.6 mL and the mean postvoid residual urine was22.7 mL at 6 months. After the surgery, ileal neobladder leakage occurred in 3 (9.4%) patients, mild ileus occurred in 2 (6.3%) patients, ileo-urethral anastomosis stricture developed in 1(3.1%) patient, and dysuria occurred in 3 (9.4%) patients because of the mucus.HTe complications were treated properly and satisfactory results were obtained. Erection was preserved in 5 of the 9 male patients with normal erectile function, and normal sexual function was preserved in 1 female patient who underwent uterus-sparing cystectomy. HTe mean follow-up was 15 months.One patient died of distant metastasis and pneumonia, while other patients survived without tumor. Conclusion: Total cystectomy and W-shaped orthotopic ileal neobladder have the advantages of voiding through the native urethra, satisfactory continence, low complication rates of upper urinary tract damage and electrolyte imbalance. W-shaped orthotopic ileal neobladder may be considered as the ifrst option of urinary diversion atfer cystectomy. Postoperative management should focus on complications and follow-up.

Objective To investigate the situation of flea species and distribution in the natural foci of plague in Baotou and provide a scientific basis for prevention and control of the disease.Method Flea specimens collected over the years and literature recordings were analyzed systematically.Results A total of 5 families,19 genera and 39 fleas were recorded,and 9 of them could be naturally infected with plague bacteria (Nosopsyllus laeviceps,Xenopsylla conformis,Neopsylla pleskei,Citellophilus tesquorum,Neopsylla bidentatiformis,Leptopsylla pavlovskii,Ophthalmopsylla praefecta,Rhadinopsylla insolita and Frontopsylla luculenta).There were 34 fleas in the north area,and 14 of them were regional fleas; there were 25 species in south area,and 5 were regional fleas.Conclusion Flea distribution in Baotou City has obvious regional characteristics,and these fleas can be naturally infected by the plague.

Objective: To investigate target organ response by recording mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) fluctuation corresponding to nerve-tract discharges from the nerve innervating acupoint of Zusanli (ST 36) in the hind limb evoked by MA in anesthetized rats. Methods: Male SD rats anesthetized with chloral hydrate were randomly divided into 3 groups which were treated with manual acupuncture (MA), injection of lidocaine followed by MA and injection of normal saline (NS) followed by MA, respectively. The right carotid artery was canulated for persistent measurement of the blood pressure and meanwhile nerve discharges from the nerve-tract were recorded for analysis with amplitude spike counts for every 5 s. Results: The results showed that there were significant nerve discharges recorded from the nerve-tract when applying MA at Zusanli (ST 36) and simultaneous decrease in the MAP, while there was no response when inserting a needle into the Zusanli (ST 36) without manipulation (P<0.05). Furthermore, the reduction of MAP during MA could be completely abolished after blockade of peripheral nerve discharges with an injection of lidocaine into the tissue around Zusanli (ST 36) but not with that of normal saline (NS). Conclusion: These results indicate that MA at Zusanli (ST 36) can elicit the peripheral nerve discharges from the nerve innervating the acupoint; such kind of nerve discharges may contain acupuncture signal regulating blood pressure via somato-cardiovascular reflex.

The effects of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) on the activity of plasmogen acitva-tor inhibitor (PAD and the morphology of the cells were observed in the original passage of cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). It was found that the TNF effect on the PAI was determined by the dosage of TNF, that is, 500U/ml of TNF could significantly activate PAT activity while 2500U/ml markedly inhibit it. Morphdogical observation canfirmed that 2500U/ml of TNF could injure HUVEC to form a kind of cells whose morphology was quite similar to that of circulating endothelial cells originating from peripheral blood.These findings suggest that TNF can stimulate HUVEC to increase the PAI acivity but too large a dosage of TNF could injure the metabolic function and structure of HUVEC.

Introduction of problem-based learning (PBL) teaching is the demand of teaching reform.Teaching and research section of physiology in Chongqing medical university implemented PBL teaching throughout the whole process of clinical medicine undergraduate education.The overall quality of students and the teaching quality were improved by constructing a new mode suitable for physiology teaching,focusing on training students' active learning ability and stimulating students' enthusiasm for learning.

Objective: To apply D101 macroporous resin for separation and purification of triptolide. Methods: After extracted by alcohol the extracts were dissolved in water and passed through a macroporous resin column and a aluminum oxide column. Then the triptolide on the columns were eluated with 95% alcohol and determination by HPLC. Results:Triptolide could be retained on D101 column. Conclusion: D101 resin can be used to refine the triptolide.

Objective:To clarify effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on relieving chronic visceral pain and the underlying neurobiological mechanism for such an effect,we observed the effect of EA on the Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) rat and then examined spinal expression of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)receptor-1 in rats.Methods:Daily mechanical colon distention was performed on male Sprague-Dawley neonatal rats to produce IBS model.EA was applied at acupoints of Zusanli (ST 36) and Shangjuxu (ST 37)in each hind leg.Abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) assessment or rectus abdominis electromyograms (AEMG) recordings were then performed after EA treatment.The mRNA expression of the NMDA subtype of glutamate receptors in the spinal dorsal horn (L4-5) before and after EA was investigated by RT-PCR analysis in IBS rats.Results:The results demonstrated that EA could significantly decreased both AWR scores from behavioral test and AEMG discharges from electrophysiological recording in IBS model rats elicited by colorectal distension (CRD) stimuli with strengths of 20,40,60 and 80 mmHg,respectively (P＜0.05).Meanwhile there was a significant decrease in mRNA expression of NMDA receptor-1 in the spinal dorsal horn of IBS rats treated by EA (P＜0.05),but no such effect was observed in IBS rats treated by sham EA (inserting needles without electrical stimulation).Conclusion:These results indicate that EA can relieve chronic visceral hyperalgesia in IBS rats and this effect might be correlated with the down-regulation of NMDA receptor-1 in the dorsal hom of the spinal cord.

Objective: To clarify effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on relieving chronic visceral pain and the underlying neurobiological mechanism for such an effect, we observed the effect of EA on the Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) rat and then examined spinal expression of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-1 in rats. Methods: Daily mechanical colon distention was performed on male Sprague-Dawley neonatal rats to produce IBS model. EA was applied at acupoints of Zusanli (ST 36) and Shangjuxu (ST 37) in each hind leg. Abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) assessment or rectus abdominis electromyograms (AEMG) recordings were then performed after EA treatment. The mRNA expression of the NMDA subtype of glutamate receptors in the spinal dorsal horn (L4-5) before and after EA was investigated by RT-PCR analysis in IBS rats. Results: The results demonstrated that EA could significantly decreased both AWR scores from behavioral test and AEMG discharges from electrophysiological recording in IBS model rats elicited by colorectal distension (CRD) stimuli with strengths of 20, 40, 60 and 80 mmHg, respectively (P<0.05). Meanwhile there was a significant decrease in mRNA expression of NMDA receptor-1 in the spinal dorsal horn of IBS rats treated by EA (P<0.05), but no such effect was observed in IBS rats treated by sham EA (inserting needles without electrical stimulation). Conclusion: These results indicate that EA can relieve chronic visceral hyperalgesia in IBS rats and this effect might be correlated with the down-regulation of NMDA receptor- 1 in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord.