Objective:To investigate the variations in infrared radiation at Taichong(LR3),Taixi(KI3),and control points before and after menstruation and to examine the infrared radiation patterns associated with Yuan-primordial points of Zang-Fu organs during the physiological menstrual cycle. Methods:Using a point infrared radiation spectrum detection system,we detected the infrared radiation spectra of Taichong(LR3),Taixi(KI3),and the control points located 1 cm away from the two points,in a range of 1.50-18.00 μm wavelengths during the premenstrual,menstrual,and postmenstrual phases in 32 healthy adult women.Subsequently,data mining and analysis were conducted. Results:Before,during,and after menstruation,the infrared spectral shapes of bilateral Taichong(LR3),Taixi(KI3),and their control points were generally consistent,with characteristic infrared spectral wavelengths located at 11.25 μm.Prior to menstruation,the total intensity of infrared radiation at the right Taixi(KI3)was significantly lower than that at the control point(P<0.05),and that at the left Taichong(LR3)was significantly lower than that at the control point(P<0.01).During and after menstruation,the total infrared radiation intensity at both Taixi(KI3)was significantly lower than that of the control point(P<0.05).The wavelength points exhibiting significant differences in the infrared radiation intensity between points and control points were concentrated at the primary peak of 7.50-14.25 μm and the secondary peak of 15.00-17.25 μm. Conclusion:During different menstrual phases,the infrared radiation spectra of Taichong(LR3)and Taixi(KI3)exhibited distinct point specificity,mainly evident in the infrared radiation intensity and wavelength.

OBJECTIVETo observe the osteoclast differentiation of Raw264.7 strain stably expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP).

METHODSRaw264.7 cells were transfected with EGFP-Lifeact gene via retrovirus. The G3 cell clone was obtained by limited dilution technique which stably expressed EGFP under the fluorescence microscope. The morphology of G3 cells were observed. The effects of transfection on receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand (RANKL)--induced osteoclastogenesis and bone resorbing function of G3 cells were examined by tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining, immunoblotting detection of cathepsin K and bone pit resorption assay. The real-time images of podosome dynamics were taken by laser confocal microscopy during osteoclast differentiation of G3 cells.

RESULTSThe Raw264.7 cells were successfully transfected with EGFP-Lifeact gene. The G3-EGFP cloned strain which could stably express EGFP even after 20 passages was constructed. There was no significant difference in morphology between G3-EGFP and wild Raw264.7 cells. The fusion rates of the transfection group and of the wild control group were (35±5)% and (39±5)%, respectively, which were not significantly different (P>0.05). The semi-quantitative ratio of cathepsin K/β-actin in the wild control group and in the transfection group was 0.83±0.07 and 1.02±0.08 (P>0.05), respectively. Bone pit results showed that the total area of the bone resorption was respectively 272,252±36,193 and 262,408±23,243 (P>0.05) and the number of the bone pits was respectively 320±51 and 339±55 (P>0.05). The photos of laser confocal microscopy showed the constant cell-cell fusion during osteoclast differentiation of G3-EGFP cells. In addition, the dynamic self-organized podosome initially assembled podosome clusts, then dynamic rings, finally formed the characteristic podosome belt pattern in mature osteoclasts.

CONCLUSIONSEnhanced green fluorescent protein high effectively expressed in Raw264.7. Biological character does not change after transfection.

Acid Phosphatase ; Actins ; metabolism ; Bone Resorption ; physiopathology ; Cathepsin K ; metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line ; Gene Expression ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; metabolism ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Isoenzymes ; Osteoclasts ; cytology ; metabolism ; RANK Ligand ; metabolism ; Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B ; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase ; Transfection ; methods

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of olopatadine hydrochloride for the treatment of chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU). Methods A multicentre, double-blind, randomized, parallel-group, controlled clinical trial was conducted. A total of 144 patients with CIU from 3 research centers were enrolled into this study, and randomly and equally divided into a test group and a control group. The test group administrated olopatadine hydrochloride 5 mg twice a day for 28 consecutive days, while the control group administrated levocetirizine hydrochloride 5 mg in the forenoon and a placebo tablet of olopatadine hydrochloride 5 mg in the afternoon for 28 consecutive days. The symptom score reducing index(SSRI)served as the primary outcome, and global assessment score for efficacy and total response rates as the secondary outcome. Results Totally, 137 patients completed the trial, including 70 in the test group and 67 in the control group. As intention-to-treat analysis showed, there were no significant differences in the total response rate between the test group and control group on day 7 (64.29% (45/70)vs. 56.72%(38/67), P > 0.05), 14(82.86%(58/70)vs. 74.63%(50/67), P > 0.05), or 28(87.14%(61/70)vs. 77.61%(52/67), P >0.05)after start of treatment. The SSRI was significantly higher in the test group than in the control group after 4 weeks of treatment(82.67% ± 22.70% vs. 70.51% ± 32.07%, P < 0.05). In addition, no significant difference was observed in the incidence of adverse reactions between the test group and control group(33.80%(24/71)vs. 27.94%(19/68), P > 0.05), and adverse reactions mainly included lethargy, dry mouth, fatigue, etc. Conclusion Olopatadine hydrochloride is effective and safe for the treatment of CIU.

OBJECTIVETo document morphological changes in hepatic microcirculation in liver tissue with hepatitis B and the pathogenesis of hepatic microcirculatory disturbances.

METHODSLiver tissue samples were obtained from patients with hepatitis B by liver biopsy. These samples were examined with a light microscope and transmission electron microscope.

RESULTSHepatic microcirculatory disturbances existed in patients with hepatitis B, including those with normal liver function, manifested by red blood cell aggregation in sinusoids seen under light microscope and sinusoidal capillarization seen under electron microscope. Weibel-Palade bodies in sinusoidal endothelial cells were seen in 26 out of 53 cases. Intimate contacts were found between lymphocyte/Kupffer cells and sinusoidal endothelial cells.

CONCLUSIONSHepatic microcirculatory disturbances exist in patients with hepatitis B. The appearance of Weibel-Palade bodies in sinusoidal endothelial cells may be a key step in the development of hepatic microcirculatory disturbances.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Liver ; blood supply ; pathology ; ultrastructure ; Liver Circulation ; Male ; Microcirculation ; pathology ; ultrastructure ; Microscopy, Electron ; Middle Aged