Objective Currently, there is no commercially available quantitative detection kit for the main Felis domestic allergen (Fel d 1) in China. To establish a rapid detection method for Fel d 1, this study aims to prepare monoclonal antibodies against Fel d 1 protein. Methods The codon preference of Escherichia coli was utilized to optimize and synthesize the Fel d 1 gene. The prokaryotic expression plasmid pET-28a-Fel d 1 was constructed and used to express and purify the recombinant Fel d 1 protein. Subsequently, the recombinant protein was immunized into BALB/c mice and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were prepared by the hybridoma technique. An indirect ELISA was established using the recombinant Fel d 1 as the coating antigen, and hybridoma cell lines were screened for positive clones. The specificity and antigenic epitopes of the mAbs were confirmed by Western blot analysis. Finally, the selected hybridoma cells were injected into the peritoneal cavities of BALB/c mice for large-scale monoclonal antibody production. Results The recombinant plasmid pET-28a-Fel d 1 was successfully constructed, and soluble Fel d 1 protein was obtained after optimizing the expression conditions. Western blot and antibody titer assays confirmed the successful isolation of two hybridoma cell lines, 7D11 and 5H4, which stably secreted mAbs specific to Fel d 1. Antibody characterization revealed that the 5H4 mAb was of the IgG2a subtype and could recognize the amino acid region 105-163 of Fel d 1, while the 7D11 mAb was the IgG1 subtype and could recognize the amino acid region 1-59. Conclusion The high-purity recombinant Fel d 1 protein produced in this study provides a promising alternative for clinical immunotherapy of cat allergies. Furthermore, the monoclonal antibody prepared in this experiment lays a material foundation for the in-depth study of the biological function of Fel d 1 and the development of ELISA detection.
Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/biosynthesis* ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Cats ; Mice ; Allergens/genetics* ; Glycoproteins/genetics* ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Hybridomas/immunology* ; Recombinant Proteins/genetics* ; Female ; Antibody Specificity

Dent disease is a rare X-linked recessive inherited renal tubular disorder characterized by low molecular weight proteinuria (LMWP), hypercalciuria, nephrocalcinosis, and other clinical features, and can lead to progressive renal failure. It is primarily caused by mutations in the CLCN5 gene. This article reports the case of a 10-year-old male patient of Chinese descent who was incidentally found to have asymptomatic proteinuria during a routine health examination. Comprehensive biochemical testing and clinical evaluation revealed significant LMWP and hypercalciuria, while renal biopsy showed mesangial cell and matrix proliferation. Whole exome sequencing identified a novel deletion mutation in the CLCN5 gene (NM_001127899.4, c.1158delC, p.F387Lfs*42) causing a frameshift and premature termination, which is likely to disrupt its role in chloride/hydrogen ion exchange and endosomal acidification. Bioinformatic analysis indicated the variant is pathogenic. Genetic testing plays an important role in diagnosing rare kidney diseases. Early identification of pathogenic mutations is essential for facilitating timely intervention and appropriate management, potentially enhancing patient outcomes. This report expands the CLCN5 mutation spectrum and contributes to understanding the genetic and molecular mechanisms of Dent disease.
Humans ; Chloride Channels/genetics* ; Dent Disease/genetics* ; Male ; Child ; Computational Biology ; Mutation ; Proteinuria/genetics* ; Hypercalciuria/genetics*

ObjectiveTo investigate the role and possible mechanism of action of rhubarb decoction （RD） retention enema in improving inflammatory damage of brain tissue in a rat model of mild hepatic encephalopathy （MHE）. MethodsA total of 60 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into blank group （CON group with 6 rats） and chronic liver cirrhosis modeling group with 54 rats using the complete randomization method. After 12 weeks， 40 rats with successful modeling which were confirmed to meet the requirements for MHE model by the Morris water maze test were randomly divided into model group （MOD group）， lactulose group （LT group）， low-dose RD group （RD1 group）， middle-dose RD group （RD2 group）， and high-dose RD group （RD3 group）， with 8 rats in each group. The rats in the CON group and the MOD group were given retention enema with 2 mL of normal saline once a day； the rats in the LT group were given retention enema with 2 mL of lactulose at a dose of 22.5% once a day； the rats in the RD1， RD2， and RD3 groups were given retention enema with 2 mL RD at a dose of 2.5， 5.0， and 7.5 g/kg， respectively， once a day. After 10 days of treatment， the Morris water maze test was performed to analyze the spatial learning and memory abilities of rats. The rats were analyzed from the following aspects： behavioral status； the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase （ALT）， aspartate aminotransferase （AST）， interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） and the level of blood ammonia； pathological changes of liver tissue and brain tissue； the mRNA and protein expression levels of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）， protein kinase B （AKT）， and mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR） in brain tissue. A one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison of continuous data between multiple groups， and the least significant difference t-test was used for further comparison between two groups. ResultsCompared with the MOD group， the RD1， RD2， and RD3 groups had a significantly shorter escape latency （all P<0.01）， significant reductions in the levels of ALT， AST， IL-1β， IL-6， TNF-α， and blood ammonia （all P<0.05）， significant alleviation of the degeneration， necrosis， and inflammation of hepatocytes and brain cells， and significant reductions in the mRNA and protein expression levels of PI3K， AKT， and mTOR in brain tissue （all P<0.05）， and the RD3 group had a better treatment outcome than the RD1 and RD2 groups. ConclusionRetention enema with RD can improve cognitive function and inflammatory damage of brain tissue in MHE rats， possibly by regulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.

Background The burden of chronic kidney diseases (CKD) is continuously increasing in the globe. Environmental factors are one of the trigger factors for chronic kidney diseases of unknown etiology (CKDu). However, the current toxicological evidence on the renal effects induced by environmental high concentrations of multiple ions in drinking water and high temperature exposure is very limited. Objective To preliminary investigate the renal effects of exposure to drinking water with environmental high concentrations of fluoride, calcium, sodium, and bromide ions alone or in combination with high temperature in mice. Methods A mouse drinking water exposure model was established using ICR male mouse (8 weeks old) with exposure to 3 mg·L⁻¹ fluoride ions, 250 mg·L⁻¹ calcium ions, 400 mg·L⁻¹ sodium ions, and 1 mg·L⁻¹ bromide ions (to mimic the high concentration of ions in the groundwater in the areas with a high prevalence rate of CKDu in Sri Lanka) and high temperature of 32 ℃. ICR male mice were randomly divided into a mixed fluoride-calcium-sodium-bromide ion and high temperature exposure group, exposure groups of each ion and high temperature alone, a fluoride-calcium-sodium ion exposure group, and a fluoride-calcium-sodium-bromide ion exposure group. In the control group, the animals were given normal purified water at room temperature of (23±2) ℃. After 12 consecutive weeks of exposure, body weights and liver (kidney) organ coefficients were determined. Assessment of renal histopathologic damage was performed by hematoxylin-eosin staining and pathology scoring. At the end of the 12-week exposure period, 24 h urine samples were collected for the measurements of creatinine (UCr), albumin (ALB), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), and β2-microglobulin (β2-MG) levels. Cell apoptosis was assessed by TUNEL assay. Results The mice in the mixed exposure group showed a significant decrease in body weight and marked increases in the scores of renal histopathological injuries and the urinary levels of β2-MG compared to those of the control mice (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the differences in body weight and urinary renal injury indexes of the mice in the fluoride-calcium-sodium and the fluoride-calcium-sodium-bromide ion groups (except for the decrease of the β2-MG levels in urinary in the latter group) were not statistically significant (P>0.05), but the renal histopathological injury scores were significantly increased (P<0.05). By contrast, body weights, liver (kidney) organ coefficient, and renal histopathological injury scores were comparable in the control mice and the mice fed with drinking water containing high levels of a single ion alone or housed at high temperature alone (P>0.05). Furthermore, the renal histopathological injury score showed no significant differences between the fluoride-calcium-sodium ion exposure group and the fluoride-calcium-sodium-bromide ion exposure group (P>0.05). The interaction between bromide ions and fluoride-calcium-sodium ions on renal tissue pathological damage was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Results from the TUNEL assay showed a significant increase in renal cell apoptosis in the fluoride-calcium-sodium ion exposure group (P<0.05). Conclusions Environmental high levels of mixed fluoride, calcium, and sodium ions in drinking water induce renal pathological damage in mice, which are exacerbated in combination with high temperature environment. High temperature exposure alone does not affect the pathological damage of renal tissue,

Chronic kidney disease is a common and serious life-threatening health condition, often associated with multisystemic complications. In recent years, several studies have found that chronic kidney disease is not only closely associated with the occurrence and development of a variety of oral diseases, such as periodontal disease, oral mucosal disease, dental tissue disease, oral bone tissue disease, and oral carcinoma. Meanwhile, chronic kidney disease is also affected by some oral diseases. This article reviews the research progress on the correlation between chronic kidney disease and oral diseases, in order to prevent the occurrence and progression of oral diseases and maintain oral health status. of patients with chronic kidney disease in a more targeted manner.

Chronic kidney disease is a common and serious life-threatening health condition, often associated with multisystemic complications. In recent years, several studies have found that chronic kidney disease is not only closely associated with the occurrence and development of a variety of oral diseases, such as periodontal disease, oral mucosal disease, dental tissue disease, oral bone tissue disease, and oral carcinoma. Meanwhile, chronic kidney disease is also affected by some oral diseases. This article reviews the research progress on the correlation between chronic kidney disease and oral diseases, in order to prevent the occurrence and progression of oral diseases and maintain oral health status. of patients with chronic kidney disease in a more targeted manner.

Objective To explore the application of patient empowerment in early rehabilitation training for patients with lower extremity deep vein thrombosis(DVT)after receiving catheter-directed thrombolysis(CDT).Methods A total of 110 patients with lower extremity DVT,who were scheduled for CDT therapy,were enrolled in this study.Using random digital table method,the patients were divided into control group(n=55)and intervention group(n=55).Routine rehabilitation activities were implemented for patients of the control group,while patient empowerment-based early rehabilitation training program was carried out for patients of the intervention group.The compliance to rehabilitation exercise,difference of upper/lower patella leg circumference,incidence of complications,duration of catheterization and thrombolysis,and length of hospital stay in both groups were calculated.The Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease,Chinese version of the Readiness for Hospital Discharge Scale,and the VEnous INsufficiency Epidemiological and Economic Study(VEINES)Quality of Life scale were used to evaluate the rehabilitation results of the patients of two groups.Results There were no significant differences in the duration of catheterization and thrombolysis,incidence of complications,and length of hospital stay between the two groups(all P＞0.05).At the time of discharge,the difference of upper/lower patella leg circumference in the intervention group was remarkably smaller than that in the control group,and the compliance with rehabilitation exercise,the self-efficacy,the readiness for discharge,and the quality of life in 3 months after discharge in the intervention group were strikingly better than those in the control group(all P＜0.05).Conclusion The implementation of patient empowerment in early rehabilitation training for patients with lower extremity DVT after receiving CDT therapy can improve the compliance with rehabilitation exercise,self-efficacy,limb swelling,readiness for discharge,and quality of life after discharge from hospital.(J Intervent Radiol,2024,33:554-559)

Objective:To systematically integrate qualitative research on the psychological experience of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in adolescents.Methods:A comprehensive literature search was conducted in databases including China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang data, VIP, China Biology Medicine disc, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library for qualitative studies on the psychological experience of NSSI in adolescents and the search period covered the inception of the databases until June 27, 2023. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Qualitative Research (2016 edition). The results were integrated using the Meta-synthesis method.Results:A total of 15 studies were included, comprising ten phenomenological studies, one descriptive qualitative study, one mixed-method study, one narrative study, one exploratory study, and one grounded theory study. Thirty-one findings were extracted and synthesized into ten categories, resulting in three main themes: triggers of adolescent NSSI, NSSI as a coping strategy, and the internal conflict and struggle of adolescents engaging in NSSI.Conclusions:Adolescents engaging in NSSI experience complex psychological and sensory responses. Healthcare professionals should closely monitor adolescents' emotional changes, enhance psychological assessments, and guide them in coping with negative emotions effectively to improve their physical and mental health.

Objectives:This study was designed to observe the impact of frailty status and multiple comorbidities on anticoagulation therapy adherence in elderly patients(≥75 years old)with atrial fibrillation. Methods:This retrospective study enrolled 528 patients(≥75 years old)with atrial fibrillation who were admitted to the geriatric department of Peking University Third Hospital from October 2016 to October 2019.A total of 443(83.9%)elderly patients receiving anticoagulation therapy were included,with an average age of(84.72±5.39)years.Thromboembolic and bleeding risk were evaluated by CHA2DS2-VASc and HAS-BLED,ATRIA bleeding score,while the frailty index(FI)and the age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity index(ACCI)were evaluated.Those with FI≥3 and FI between 1～2 were categorized into the frailty group and pre-frailty group.Patients with ACCI≥5 were defined as elderly multiple comorbidity group(high comorbidity burden).Patients who received anticoagulation therapy after discharge were followed up for one year in the outpatient clinic to observe their medication adherence and to find the related reasons. Results:Thromboembolic risk and bleeding scoring were performed in 443 elderly patients,with CHA2DS2-VASc and HAS-BLED scores of 5.61±1.57 and 3.08±0.89,respectively,and ATRIA score was 4.13±1.90.The FI assessment showed that all enrolled patients were in a state of frailty or pre-frailty.The average ACCI was 5.73±1.51.At one year of follow-up,96(21.67%)patients discontinued anticoagulation therapy.Frailty,high comorbidity burden,and high bleeding risk according to ATRIA(ATRIA≥5)were factors affecting medication adherence,with OR values of 1.114(95%CI:1.041-1.205,P=0.003),3.201(95%CI:2.126-4.509,P=0.001),and 1.457(95%CI:1.212-2.075,P=0.024),respectively.Considering non-death endpoint,both the HAS-BLED score(HAS-BLED≥3 分,OR=1.098,95%CI:1.035-1.116,P=0.014)and warfarin(OR=1.015,95%CI:1.001-1.030,P=0.040)were influential factors of medication compliance. Conclusions:The adherence to anticoagulation therapy post-discharge in elderly patients with atrial fibrillation is significantly influenced by frailty status and high comorbidity burden.If terms of non-death endpoint,high bleeding score and use of warfarin are influential factors of medication compliance.

Objective:To understand the security status of newborn fathers and analyze its related factors.Methods:A total of 256 fathers(aged 22-49 years old)of newborns born within 1 week were select-ed.They were assessed with the self-designed general information questionnaire,Parents'Postnatal Sense of Securi-ty(father version),Emotional Inhibition Scale,and Marriage Satisfaction Subscale of Enrich Marital Inventory.Results:The average score of security was(36.0±4.4).Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the security scores were positively correlated with residence area(β=0.35),education level(β=0.25),preterm birth(β=0.11)and the marital satisfaction scores(β=0.25);and were negatively associated with daily crying time(β=-0.28)and the EIS scores(β=-0.18).Conclusion:The sense of security of postpartum fathers is moderate,and it is associated with residence area,education level,preterm birth,marital satisfaction,daily crying time and emotional inhibition.