OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of extracellular regulating kinase (ERK) signaling pathway on the secretion of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in cultured rat hippocampal neurons induced by stromal cell derived factor-1 (SDF-1).

METHODSThe hippocampal neurons of newborn SD rats were cultured and identified in vitro; the phosphorylation level of ERK1/2 was examined by Western blot; ELISA was used to detect the effect of PD98059, a ERK1/2 specific blocker on GABA secretion of cultured hippocampal neurons and Western blot were adopted to measure the protein expression levels of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD65/67) and gamma aminobutyric acid transporter (GAT); after blocking ERK1/2 signaling pathway with PD98059; RT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression levels of GAT-1 and GAD65 after treated with PD98059.

RESULTSThe levels of ERKl/2 phosphorylation were increased significantly by SDF1 acting on hippocampal neurons, and CX-CR4 receptor blocker AMD3100, could inhibit SDF-1 induced ERK1/2 activation; SDF-1 could inhibit the secretion of GABA in cultured hippocampal neurons, and ERK1/2 specific inhibitor PD98059, could partly reverse the inhibition of GABA secretion by SDF-1. The effects of SDF-1 on cultured hippocampal neurons was to decrease the mRNA genesis of glutamic acid decarboxylase GAD65 and GABA transporter GAT-1, besides, ERK inhibitor PD98059 could effectively flip the effect of SDF-1. The results of Western blot showed that SDF-1 could inhibit the protein expression of GAT-1 and GAD65/67 in hippocampal neurons and the inhibition of GAT-1 and GAD65/67 protein expression could be partially restored by ERK1/2 blocker.

CONCLUSIONSDF-1 acts on the CXCR4 of hippocampal neurons in vitro, and inhibits the expression of GAD by activating the ERK1/2 signaling pathway, and this may represent one possible pathway of GABA secretion inhibition.

Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Cells, Cultured ; Chemokine CXCL12 ; pharmacology ; Flavonoids ; pharmacology ; Glutamate Decarboxylase ; metabolism ; Hippocampus ; cytology ; MAP Kinase Signaling System ; Neurons ; metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; RNA, Messenger ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, CXCR4 ; metabolism ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid ; secretion

Brain Concussion ; complications ; Hearing ; Hearing Disorders ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Thioctic Acid ; therapeutic use

Objective To analyse the clinicopathological features of primary small intestine lymphoma(PSIL), and explore the relationship between clinical stage,histological findings,therapeutic modality and prognosis. Methods The clinical data of 34 cases of PSIL were collected,the pathohistological features and results of immunohistochemical examinations were obtained,and the follow-up findings were adopted for comprehensive analysis. Results Among these 34 cases of PSIL,abdominal pain or discomfort,gastrointestinal bleeding and abdominal mass were the predominant symptoms.PSIL mainly involved ileum,especially the bottom of ileum and ileocecal area.Among the 26 patients with follow-up for more than one year,the 1-year survival rate was significantly higher in patients without tumor perforation than those with tumor perforation(76.2% vs 20.0%)(P

The clinical thinking modes of "integrative disease and Syndrome" and "integrative macroscopical Syndrome-differentiation and microscopical Syndrome-differentiation" formed in the past half century were merely the primary train of thought and methodology of integrative traditional Chinese and Western medicine. In order to develop them to a higher level, stress should be put on the unity and holism of disordered organism and unity of function, structure and metabolism. It has long been ignored that a parallel and correlated relationship exists between the TCM Syndrome and pathological process of Western medicine, which is a common, set-formed and regular pathophysiological changes with certain development phase, presented in various diseases. Both have common features as that the same pathological process can be seen in different diseases and several pathological progresses can present in one disease, the same Syndrome also can be seen in different diseases and several Syndromes can present in a disease. Moreover, they have the compatible connotation and denotation. The author deduced that pathophysiological basis of main Syndrome is indeed the basic pathological process. Essence of Syndrome is the related pathological processes including abnormal changes in function, metabolism and morphological structure.
Biomedical Research ; methods ; Clinical Medicine ; methods ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Holistic Health ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Pathology, Clinical ; methods

Objective To investigate the regulatory effects of tuberculin on growth and apoptosis of liver cancer and lung cancer cell lines. Methods HePG2(liver cancer) and A549(lung cancer) cell lines were treated with TB supernatant(TB-SN) with different concentrations. Cell viability was detected by using LIVE/DEAD Viability/Cytotoxicity cell kits including specific fluorescence primer,and cell apoptosis was detected by Vybrant apoptosis assay. Results After treatment with 5% TB-SN for 5 d,cell apoptosis was significantly increased in HePG2 and A549 cell lines.Cell growth of HePG2 and A549 cell lines was inhibited after treatment with TB-SN. Conclusion Tuberculin can induce cell apoptosis and inhibit cell growth of liver cancer and lung cancer cell lines.

Abstract?AIM:To study the Influence and outcomes of eye healthcare information teaching for the visual development of children under“combination of medicine and education” in kindergartens.?METHODS:The children(5-6 years old) were randomly selected from 6 kindergartens in Nanjing, 3 in Yuhua District as the experimental group, and the other 3 in Jianye District as the control group.A one-year follow-up was conducted to evaluate the difference of visual development, including the rate of low vision, rate of referral caused by refractive abnormality, rate of astigmatism, the average of the equivalent spherical lens and the rate of lacking physiological hypermetropia, between the experimental group and the control group children.?RESULTS:One school year later,the rate of low vision, rate of referral caused by refractive abnormality and the rate of astigmatism, were significantly lower (P<0.05)in the experimental group under the mode of“combination of medicine and education”, which were also lower than those before experiment(P<0.05).The average of the equivalent spherical lens of experimental group increased and the rate of lacking physiological hypermetropia decreased significantly, compared with the control group ( P <0.05 ) and with those before experiment(P<0.05).?CONCLUSION:Using “combination of medicine and education” eye health care model,is good for children's visual development,so as to reduce the rate of low vision and delay the occurrence of myopia.

Objective To optimize the supercritical carbon dioxide(SC-CO2)extraction of lipids from tempeh(TE-C)and further improve the lipid classes ratio. Methods The experimental parameters of SC-CO2 extraction including extraction temperature, pressure,and moisture content of tempeh were optimized using a Box-Behnken design combined with response surface methodology (RSM),according to the weighted extraction ratio of TE-C and lipid classes after the experimental results of single factors. Detailed chemical compositions of TE-C obtained by optimum conditions of SC-CO2 extraction were analyzed by high performance liquid chroma?tography with an evaporative light-scattering detector(HPLC-ELSD)and high performance liquid chromatography-atmospheric pres?sure chemical ionization mass spectrometry(HPLC-APCI-MS). Results TE-C was composed of three lipid classes:fatty acids(Ⅰ), diacylglycerols(Ⅱ)and triacylglycerols(Ⅲ). The optimum SC-CO2 extraction conditions of TE-C were 50℃extraction temperature, 25 MPa pressure,1.99%moisture content of tempeh and 1.5 hour extraction time. Conclusion The optimum value of RSM for SC-CO2 extraction was(5.97±0.15)g/100 g.

Objective To explore the effect and indication of splenectomy in liver transplantation.Methods From January 2001 to April 2006,260 patients underwent piggyback orthotopic liver transplantation(PBOLT),and 28 patients had undergone combined PBOLT and splenectomy(splenectomy group).These patients were compared to 56 randomly selected non-splenectomy patients from the same transplant period,meaningly two controls were se- lected for every non-spleneetomy case.Two groups were analyzed with respect to rate of infection and survival rate, as well as biopsy-proven acute allograft rejection within 30 days after transplantation.Results Rate of infection in the splenectomy group was higher than that in the non-splenectomy patients(85.7% vs 55.4%,P

AIMTo observe the change of potassium current on cultured neurons differentiated from hippocampus neural stem cells of the newborn rat.

METHODSNeural stem cells from newborn rat hippocampus were cultured in vitro and passaged continuously. Differentiation of the cell was induced by serum and removing mitogens. After differentiation cells were plated on plastic dishes and cultured for 1 d, 7 d, 14 d and 21 d. Whole-cell voltage patch clamp recording was used respectively to detect voltage-dependent K+ current.

RESULTSAfter 1 d culture, no current was detected, and on the 7th d, 14th d, 21st d after differentiation, the amplitude of K+ currents was (18.077 +/- 2.789)pA/pF, (13.099 +/- 2.742)pA/pF, (34.045 +/- 8.067)pA/pF at +50 mV. The recorded K+ current included two components that could be blocked by TEA and 4-AP separately, assumed the slowly inactivating delayed rectifier K+ current (IK) and the fast inactivating transient outward K+ current (IA).

CONCLUSIONThe function of potassium channels on the hippocampus neural stem cells of the newborn rat approaches mature gradually when the time of differentiation becomes longer in vitro.

Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Cells, Cultured ; Delayed Rectifier Potassium Channels ; physiology ; Hippocampus ; cytology ; Neural Stem Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; physiology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Potassium Channels ; physiology ; Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying ; physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of re-bamipide combined with rabeprazole sodium enteric -coated tablets in the treatment of chronic atrophic gastritis .Methods A total of 94 pa-tients with chronic atrophic gastritis were randomly divided into control and treatment groups with 47 cases per group.Control group was given riberazole 20 mg per time, qd, orally.Treatment group received rabe-prazole 0.1 g per time, tid, orally, on the basis of control group.Two groups were treated for 8 weeks. The clinical efficacy, pepsinogen (PG), endothelin (ET) and adverse drug reactions were compared be-tween two groups.Results After treatment, total effective rates of treat-ment and control groups were 93.62%( 44 cases/47 cases ) and 70.21%(33 cases/47 cases) with significant difference ( P<0.05 ) . After treatment, the main indexes of treatment and control groups were compared: PGⅠ were ( 127.38 ±13.96 ) and ( 103.84 ±13.58 ) μg· L-1, ET were (65.49 ±5.99 ) and ( 74.20 ±9.79 ) ng· L-1, there were statistically significant differences (all P<0.05).The adverse drug reactions of treatment group were liver dysfunction and skin rash , which in control group were diarrhea , rash and nausea and vomiting .The total incidence of adverse drug reactions were 6.38%and 14.89%without significant difference (P>0.05).Conclusion Rebamipide combined with rabeprazole sodium enteric-coated tablets has a definitive clinical efficacy in the treatment of chronic atrophic gastritis , which can effectively regulate the levels of PG and inhibit the expression of ET , without increasing the incidence of adverse drug reactions.