Objective To study the effects of calcium dobesilate plus laser on serum vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and insulin-like growth factor-1 ( IGF-1 ) in patients with diabetic retinopathy .Methods 82 patients(93 eyes) were randomly divided into two groups ,the control group(n=41 cases,46 eyes) and the obser-vation group(n=41 cases,47 eyes).The control group was treated through laser ,while the observation group was treated through laser plus calcium dobesilate .Serum VEGF and IGF-1 were measured before and after treatment . Results Before treatment,visual acuity had no significant difference between the two groups (t=0.601,P>0.05). After treatment,visual acuity was improved in 30 eyes in the control group with improving rate of 65.2%,visual acuity improved in 38 eyes in the observation group with improving rate of 80.9%.The improving rate of visual acuity in the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (χ2 =6.92,P<0.05).The total effective rate of the control group was 73.9%,which was significantly lower than 87.2%in the observation group (χ2 =9.28,P<0.05). Serum VEGF and IGF-1 had no significant differences before and after treatment in the control group ( t=0.613, 0.496,all P>0.05).After treatment,serum VEGF and IGF-1 in the observation group were (91.4 ±25.1)ng/L and (121.6 ±21.7)mg/L,which were significantly lower than those before treatment (t=3.721,5.992,all P<0.05). Conclusion Calcium dobesilate plus laser can significantly decrease serum VEGF and IGF-1 in patients with diabet-ic retinopathy .

The academic thought of preventing possoble disease is one of the important part of the theoretical system of Chinese medicine. In Pro. WEI Pin-kang's opinion, we must identify the possible diseases prior to preventing it. The article discusses how to identify the possible disease from three aspects, such as indentifying constitution, comprehensive analysis by the four examination methods, drawing assistance from micro-indexex, which to cultivate young physicians' clinical thinking of indentifying possible disease.

Case Method is useful to helping the teacher teach students the knowledge of gynecological diseases and train their capability of clinical thought. The key of the Case Method is choosing the cases and designing teaching steps carefully.

Objective To compare compound staining of Alizarin red S and Alcian blue showing ossified skeletal structures and cartilage in fetal,neonatal and adult rat. Methods All specimens were skinned and fat tissue removed completely and eviscerated,then fixed in 95% ethanol;Acetone was used remove fats; 0.1% Alizarin red S and 0.15%-0.3% Alcian blue were used in ossified bone and cartilage;Differentiation and clearing in 0.5%-2% aqueous KOH. Results Ossified bones showed rose red;cartilage showed blue;the others were transparent.Conclusion The best results of Alizarin red S and Alician blue compound staining could be obtained in all rat skinned,eviscerated,and removed the adipose tissues.

BackgroundRetinal pigment epithelial (RPE)cell senescence damage the metabolism of photoreceptor,leading to retinal dysfunction and loss of vision.To understand RPE cell senescence mechanism will contribute to the study of age-related macular degeneration ( AMD).ObjectiveThe present study was to prepare the ageing RPE cell model with passage and explore its potential mechanisms.MethodsThis study was approved by the Ethic Committee of Qingdao University Medical College,and the informed consent was obtained from each gravida.Six human eyeballs were obtained from artificial labor fetusl with the gestational age 16-28 weeks.RPE cells were isolated,cultured and passaged in vitro to establish the cell replicative aging model.The third to twelfth cells were collected to be used to this experiment.Human keratin was used to identify the cells by immunochemistry,and MTT method was utilized to assess the proliferation and viability of different generations of cells as the A490 value.The cellular cycles and transmembrane potential (△ψm)of mitochondrion (△ψm) with passage were detected and compared using Flow Cytometry. Results Cultured and passaged cells showed the hexagon in shape with the melanin in 1-2 generations of cells and presented with the brown staining in cytoplasm for human keratin.The melanin was absent in the third generation cells.Vibrant growth statues were seen from the 3-6 generations cells and thereafter the proliferation ability reduced.The cells of G0/G1 phase were gradually elevated with the passage from 3 - 12 generations with a percentage of 68.40％ in the third generation of cells to 87.33％ in the twelfth generation of cells,showing a significant difference among various generations ( F =180.43,P =0.00),and that of the sixth,ninth and twelfth generation of cells was significant higher than the third,sixth and ninth generation respectively (t =4.002,P＜0.05 ; t=12.885,P＜0.01 ;t=16.387,P＜0.01 ).MTT assay showed that of RPE cells were significantly declined with the passage ( F =38.77,P =0.00),and the A490 value of the ninth,twelfth generations of cells was considerably lower in comparison with sixth and ninth generation respectively ( t =5.991,11.983,P＜0.01 ).From 3 through 12 generations of cells,the staining intensity of rhodamine 123 was gradually decreased ( F =121.68,P =0.00 ),and the staining intensity in the sixth,ninth and twelfth generation of cells was significant lower than that the third,sixth and ninth generation respectively(t=6.918,7.620,11.207,P＜0.01 ).Conclusions A replicative aging model can be successfully created by the passage in vitro using human fetal RPE cells.The reduce of transmembrane potential and damage of mitochondria might be one of mechanisms of senescence of RPE cells.

CXCL12,also known as stromal cell-derived factor 1,is a member of the CXC family,which locates on the 10th chromosome and produces by the stromal cells.It is known that CXCR4 and CXCR7 are the two receptors of chemokine CXCL12.Many studies show that the chemokine CXCL12 plays an important role in cancer progression,including proliferation,metastasis and angiogenesis.Therefore,the chemokine CXCL12 is expected to become a novel target for the gene therapy of cancer.

During the past few years,international nephrology and emergency medicine tend to change the nomenclature from acute renal failure to acute kidney injury (AKI) .In pediatrics,primary renal diseases are no longer the most common cause of AKI.Instead,the etiology is likely multifactorial,related to a combination of several factors,especially in the intensive care unit.And AKI not just significantly prolongs the length of stay in the pediatric intensive care unit,but is associated with a significant increase in mortality.In this article,we will simply review the etiology and epidemiology of AKI,and analyse the differences between RIFLE criteria and AKIN criteria.

Objective To discuss incidence and related risk factors of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) after acute subcortical infarction (SI).Methods One hundred and eighty-two patients with acute SI were divided into two groups:VCI group (81 cases) and no-VCI group ( 101 cases) according to VCI diagnostic standard.Sex proportion,age,culture degree between two groups were compared,and correlation was analyzed between the quantity of risk factors and the incidence of VCI.Results The incidence of VCI after acute SI was 44.5％(81/182).According to age stratification,the incidence of VCI in the patients of 56-65 years was 35.4％ (23/65),in the patients of 66-75 years was 45.3％ (48/106),and in the patients of 76-85 years was 90.9％ (10/11 ).The age in VCI group was significantly higher than that in no-VCI group [(69.93 ±6.91) years vs. (67.62 ±5.56) years,P =0.014],and culture degree was significantly lower than that in no-VCI group (P =0.028).The sex proportion between two groups had no significant difference (P =0.876).The more accompanying risk factors,the higher incidence of VCI.Conclusions Along with the increase of age,the incidence of VCI after acute SI is higher.The more accompanying risk factors,the higher incidence of VCI.

Objective To observe the changes of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and its correlation with visual field mean defects(MD)in Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods Fifteen eyes of 15 PD patients in early stage and 18 eyes of 18 normal controls undertook RNFL examination by Stratus OCT-3. Circular scans (diameter is 3. 46 mm) were taken around the optic nerve head including eight quadrants (superior, inferior, temporal, nasal, temporal-superior, temporal-inferior, nasal-superior and nasalinferior). The RNFL thickness in different quadrants in the two groups was analyzed. The visual field of PD patients was measured by central 30-2 program of Humphery750 visual field analyzer, and the MD was recorded. The correlation between RNFL thickness and MD was analyzed by linear correlation and regression analysis. Results RNFL thicknesses of superior, inferior, temporal, nasal, temporal-superior, temporal-inferior, nasal-superior, nasal-inferior and average RNFL thickness in the control group were (132.7±17.4), (141. 5±15. 3),(83. 2±17. 5), (83.7±22.3) ,(120.8±21.2), (117. 9±24.5) ,(109.6±20. 6),(110.2±27.7), and(109. 9±8. 5) μm respectively, while in the PD group they were (128.1±25.3),(128. 6±13. 2),(68. 7±13. 5),(76. 5±17. 8),(102. 6±23. 7), (103.3±14.1) ,(101.2±20.9),(96.6±15.0),(102.3±11.9) μm . Compared with each other, the differences of RNFL thickness of inferior, temporal, temporal-superior, temporal-inferior and average RNFL thickness were statistically significant (t = 2. 595, 2. 700, 2. 330, 2. 153,2. 131;P = 0. 014, 0. 011, 0. 026, 0. 040, 0. 041). There was a close negative relationship between average RNFL thickness and MD in PD patients (r= -0. 933, P<0. 0001). Conclusions RNFL thickness was significantly thinner in PD patients than that in the normal controls. There was a negative relationship between RNFL thickness and MD in PD patients.

Objective To investigate the VEGF-C on lymph node metastasis of b-reast cancer.Methods A group of immune PV9000 law on human breast infiltrating ductal breast cancer and fibroids,breast disease organizations paraffin sections were detected on the expression of VEGF-C status.Results 20 patients with breast fibroids and breast disease were negative VEGF-C,80 cases of breast cancer VEGF-C positive rate was 72.5%(58/80);VEGF-C exists primarily on the cancer cells and normal breast fibroids and in the cytoplasm of breast disease is not the expression of VEGF-C.Conclusion Breast cancer cells in the VEGF-C,the expression of close ties with lymph node metastasis.Detection of VEGF-C expression in human breast cancer may predict lymph node metastasis,and therapeutic value.