Objective To observe the effects of Kuijiening Plaster point application on the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ, IL-12 and anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4, IL-10 in serum and colonic tissue of ulcerative colitis (UC) rats with spleen-kidney yang deficiency; To investigate the possible mechanism of Kuijiening for the treatment of UC with spleen-kidney yang deficiency. Methods Sennae Folium solution gavage, ice water stimulation and trinitrobenzene-sulfonic acid ethanol combinative methods were applied to establish the models of UC rats with spleen-kidney yang deficiency. Rat models were randomly divided into control group, model group, application group and SASP group, 10 in each group. The control group and model group were given medicine-free cataplasm matrix point application and perfused with NS. The application group was given Kuijiening Plaster point application and perfused with NS. SASP group was given medicine-free cataplasm matrix point application and perfused with SASP. The courses were 28 days. General conditions of rats in each group were observed during treatment. The general morphology and pathological form of colonic tissue were observed with naked eye and light microscopy through HE staining respectively in each group post-treatment. Pathological features were observed and scored by HE dyeing. Levels of IFN-γ, IL-12, IL-4 and IL-10 in serum and colonic tissue of rats in each group were detected with ELISA. Results The general conditions, gross morphology and optical microscope pathological morphology of colonic tissue improved and scores decreased in application group and SASP group. Compared with the model group, levels of IL-4 and IL-10 significantly increased, while the levels of IFN-γ and IL-12 decreased in serum and colonic tissue in application group and SASP group, with statistical significance (P<0.01). Moreover, levels of IL-4 and IL-10 in application group decreased not as much as those in SASP group, while IFN-γ and IL-12 concentration increased higher than SASP group, without statistical significance (P>0.05). Conclusion Kuijiening Plaster point application can play a role in treating UC with spleen-kidney yang deficiency through partially restoring the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in serum and colon tissue of rats.

Staphylococcus aureus,an important foodborne pathogen,can contaminate foods through variety of ways and produce enterotoxin that may cause Staphylococcal food poisoning.In addition to food safety problems,Staphylococcus aureus could also cause clinical infection.The study of its pathogenicity is not only beneficial to prevent and control foodborne diseases,but also provide a new point for clinical treatment.This paper analyzes the types and characteristics of common strains of Staphylococcus aureus in food,and summaries the effect of food processing on pathogenicity and the methods for pathogenicity research in order to provide reference for the related study on pathogenicity of Staphylococcus aureus.

Humans ; Organometallic Compounds ; chemistry ; metabolism ; toxicity

Objective To investigate the feasibility of immediate breast reconstruction by implanting silicone prosthesis wrapped by ectopectoralis after nipple-sparing mastectomy in early stage breast cancer.Methods From Jan.2006 to Nov.2009,28 breast cancer patients underwent immediate breast reconstruction by implanting silicone prosthesis wrapped by ectopectoralis after nipple-sparing mastectomy.Results Among the 28 patients,27 were satisfied with the apperance of their breast after operation.Conclusions Immediate breast reconstruction by implanting silicone prosthesis wrapped by ectopectoralis after nipple-sparing mastectomy not only ensures the curative effects but also beautifies the apperance of the breast.The operation has the advantages of simplity,less trauma and quick recovery.There is no difference compared with mastectomy in terms of complication,recurrence rate and mortality etc.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effectiveness,safety and economy about Wenxin granules in the treatment of cardio-vascular diseases based on Meta-analysis. METHODS:Using“Wenxin granules”“Wenxinkeli”“Wenxin”as the search terms, searching PubMed,ProQuest,Springer,The Cochrane Library,CNKI,VIP and Wanfang data(Jan. 2000-Oct. 2015)through com-puter,relevant journals and conference papers by hand,randomized controlled trials about Wenxin granules in the treatment of car-diovascular diseases were screened and classified according to indications. Meta-analysis was performed by using RevMan 5.3 soft-ware,while cost-effectiveness analysis and minimum cost analysis were used for economic evaluation. RESULTS:Totally,38 liter-atures were involved,including 20 literatures of arhythmia,9 of premature ventricualr contraction,4 of coronary disease angina pectoris,3 of unstable angina pectoris,2 of pediatric viral myocarditis. Meta-analysis showed that compared with control drug, Wenxin granules showed better clinical efficacy for arrhythmia with less ADR;showed better clinical efficacy and ECG efficacy for premature ventricualr contraction with less ADR;showed better clinical efficacy for angina pectoris of coronary disease,unstable angina pectoris and pediatric viral myocarditis,with statistical significance (P<0.05). The incremental cost-effectiveness analysis showed that the additional cost of Wenxin granules in the treatment of above indications was worth it all,compared to control drug. Single factor sensitivity analysis supported the stability of results. CONCLUSIONS:Wenxin granules have a better effectiveness, safety and economy in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases,but still need high-quality evidence to support.

Objective Through constructing prokaryotic expression vector pET-30a-GPI-B7-1, to gain purified GPI-B7-1 fusion protein so as to confirm the tumor immune effect. Methods The DNA fragment encoding the signal for GPI-anchor attachment of hPLAP-1 and the cDNA encoding the human costimulatory molecule CD80 ( BT-1 ) were cloned from fresh placenta and human peripheral blood monocytes (PBMC) respectively. The two fragment were annealed to form a fusion gene (GPI-BT-1) by PCR. Then the fusion gene was inserted into the prokaryotic expression vector pET-30a, resulting in pET-30a-GPI-BT-1. Transfer to E. coli BL21, purified fusion protein were analysed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot. Results Agarose gel electrophoresis map of GPI and BT-1 PCR products show that GPI goal gene strap was seen at 133bp region and BT-1 goal gene strap at 792 region. Identification of recombinant pET-30a-GPI-B7-1 by restriction enzyme and PCR illustrate two goal fragment for 5000 bp and 900 bp, to realize the expression of fusion gene ( GPI-B7-1 ) at the E. coli BL21. The fusion protein was successfully produced in the pET expression system induced by IPTG and purified by Ni2 + -NTA agarose column. By SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis, the observed molecular weight of the fusion protein was 38 kDa. Conclusion The purified GPI-B7-1 fusion protein can be obtained from E. coli BL21 transfered by prokaryotic expression vector pET-30a-GPI-B7-1, which will prove useful tool for the study of tumor immune therapy.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of platelet-rich plasma and hyaluronic acid intra-articular injection in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Method The following databases, including PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library and WANFANG, were used for collecting the randomized controlled trials, prospective control trials and experimental research about the therapy efficacies of platelet-rich plasma and hyaluronic acid on knee osteoarthritis. The meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 for Windows. Results Eleven publications, including six RCTs, one PCT and four ER, met the inclusion criteria. There were significant differences in WOMAC scores and IKDC scores between the PRP group and the HA group. but no significant differences were observed in Lequesne index between the PRP group and the HA groups at six month post treatment. Conclusion PRP intra-articular injection was better and more durable than HA in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis.

ObjectiveTo investigate and compare the efficacy, safety, and cost effectiveness in the treatment of painful osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures ( OVCFs ) with percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) and kyphoplasty(PKP). MethodsSeventy-two patients (96 vertebrae) with painful OVCFs were treated by PVP (n ＝34) or PKP (n ＝38) under radiological monitoring. After bone biopsy needle into the compressed vertebra, bone cement (polymethylmethacrylate) was injected in PVP group, and that was inserted followed by the inflation of vertebra to create cavities in PKP group. The fluoroscopy time, total amount of bone cement injected, and cost were recollected respectively. The score of visual analogue scale point( VAS, 10-point scale)was determined at before the procedures, and 24 hours, one week, and one month after the procedures.Pain relief and complications were observed.The Cobb angle and vertebral heights of the anterior, middle, and posterior border were measured pre-and post-operative. ResultsThe two procedures were technically successful in all patients. The follow-up ranged from 1. 0 to 34. 0 months [mean time, (8. 9 ±3.2) months]. The Mean fluoroscopy time of treating per vertebra in PVP group was ( 11. 1 ± 10. 6 ) min, which was significant shorter than that ( 23.5 ± 13. 0) min in PKP group( P ＜0. 05 ).The mean total cost per patient was (5127. 2 ± 502.3 ) yuan in PVP group, which were strikingly lower than that(32 301.4 ±3204. 6) yuan in PKP group (P ＜0. 05).(3)There was no significant difference( P ＞0. 05 ) in average cement volumes in PVP group [ (4. 9 ± 1.1 ) ml]and PKP group [ (5.4 ± 1.7 ) ml]. Pain relief of was observed in 94. 1％ (32/34) of PVP group and in 92. 1％ (35/38) of PKP group. The score of VAS at pre-operation was (8. 3 ±0. 4 vs 7.9 ±0. 8) ,and at post-operative 24 h (2. 9 ±0. 9 vs 2. 8 ± 1. 2),1 week (2.6 ± 0. 9 vs 2.6 ± 1. 1 ), and 1 month (2.6 ± 0. 9 vs 2. 5 ± 1.3 ) were no difference at PKP and PVP group(P ＜0.05). There was significant difference between pre- and post-operative time point in each group. The Cobb angle, anterior and middle height of vertebra was corrected in both PVP and PKP group. In PVP group, the preoperative Cobb angle, anterior and middle height of vertebra was (24. 2 ± 3.8 )°,( 19. 1 ± 1.4) mm, (25. 2 ± 1.0) mm, which was significant different ( P ＜ 0. 05 ) from that of ( 19.4 ±3.9)°, (21.0 ± 1.5) mm, (27.0 ± 1.2) mm at pre-operation.In PKP group,there was significant difference (P ＜ 0. 05 ) in the preoperative Cobb angle, anterior and middle height of vertebra [(25. 1 ±5.0)°vs(10.7 ±2.8)°, (19.5 ± 1.5) mm vs (24.3 ± 1.9) mm, (25.4 ± 1.1) mm vs (29.7 ±1.3) mm, respectively]. As to the above index, the overall correcting effect in PKP was much better than that in PVP( P ＜0. 05 ). Cement leakage occurred in 9 cases in PVP group and 3 cases in PKP group ( P ＜0. 05 ) but no symptoms. There were no major complications during operation in the two groups. Conclusion PVP and PKP are effective and safe in the treatment of painful OVCFs but PVP is more cost effective than PKP.

This article proposes the "Efficacy Theory" hypothesis of the traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs): TCMs take effects and weaken toxicities through the additive effects of numerous effective forms (including their constituents or/and metabolites) on a same target, the synergistic effects based on the overall action of the additive effects on individual targets and their toxicities scattering effects. A TCM may include approximately 1000 constituents and each constituent may produce about 100 metabolites in vivo after oral administration. Numerous effective forms of incalculable constituents and their metabolites could work like a "army group" together. When the quantity of a specific target molecule is larger than the pharmaceutical molecules, the molecules of different kinds of effective forms could combine with the target molecules successively, to exert the additive effects. When the target molecules are mostly occupied ("target most spaces occupied"), this TCM begins to work. The additive effects maybe exert not only in concentration but also in a time order way, which gives a sustained efficacy of TCM. The additive effects and the toxicities scattering effects are resulted from the same effective groups and not identical toxic groups among different effective form molecules. The "toxicities scattering effect" can be used to explain the non-toxic TCMs, but not fit for toxic TCMs. The efficacy theory showed that the variety of constituents and metabolites may participate in the process of pharmacodynamic actions, including the additive effects, synergy effects and toxicities scattering effects, which may be useful for explaining and developing the characteristic advantage of the TCMs. The questions we need to study or confirm are as follows: What are the TCMs' pharmacodynamic substance basis and mechanism made up of Why are toxicities of most TCMs' smaller How is the TCMs' "Efficacy Theory" which reflects characteristic advantage of TCMs applied in the research and development of new drugs.
Animals ; Drug Therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; chemistry