Objective To observe the efficacy of prophylactic use of gramsetron(Gra) combined with dexamethasone(DEX) on preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting(PONV) after umbilical one-trocar laparoscopic appendectomy(UOTLA)in children.Methods Sixty children requring UOTLA under general anesthesia were allocated randomly into 3 groups,and each of group included 20 children.Group saline(C),group Gra 40 ?g/kg,group Gra 40 mg/kg and group DEX 0.2 mg/kg(Gra+DEX) were respectively injected intravenously after appendectomy performed outside the abdominal cavity during the operation.Results The incidence of PONV decreased significantly in group Gra and group Gra+DEX than that in group C(Pa

Adolescent ; Alkaline Phosphatase ; metabolism ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Bleomycin ; therapeutic use ; Cisplatin ; therapeutic use ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Dysgerminoma ; pathology ; Etoposide ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Gonadoblastoma ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; methods ; Inhibins ; metabolism ; Isoenzymes ; metabolism ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Young Adult

Based on the infrared spectra of Lophatheri Herba and Commelinae Herba, one-dimensional infrared spectra, second derivative spectra and two-dimensional correlated spectra were used to find out the differences between Lophatheri Herba and its imitations, respectively. The common peak ratio and variant peak ratio dual-indexes sequential were calculated and established according to infrared spectra of eleven batches of herbs. Infrared spectral data of Lophatheri Herba cluster analysis was applied to explore the similarity between each sample. The grouping results trend of sequential analysis of dual-indexes and cluster analysis was accordant. The results showed that the differences could be found by multi-level identification, and the source and the quality of the herbs could be effectively distinguished by the two analysis methods. Infrared spectroscopy, used in the present work exhibited some advantages on quick procedures, less sample required, and reliable results, which could provide a new method for the identification of traditional Chinese medicine with the imitations and adulterants, and the control of quality and origin.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; chemistry ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Reproducibility of Results ; Spectrophotometry, Infrared ; methods ; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared ; methods

Abortion, Spontaneous ; diagnosis ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p57 ; metabolism ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Hydatidiform Mole ; diagnosis ; genetics ; metabolism ; Immunohistochemistry ; Pregnancy ; Uterine Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; genetics ; metabolism

This study is designed to obtain recombinant human acetylcholinesterase (rhAChE) and apply it in screening acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. The rhAChE was overexpressed in HEK293 cells transfected by plasmid of pCMV-AChE with the cationic liposome and rhAChE was found to be secreted into cell culture medium. AChE activity was assayed according to modified Ellman method to obtain kinetic parameters. IC so50 values for donepezil compounds of rhAChE were calculated to determine their activities of inhibition. The results showed that Km value was 151.9 micromol.L-1 donepezil inhibited rhAChE in a mixed competitive-noncompetitive way (Ki= 16.03 nmol.L-1, Ki = 18.36 nmol.L-1) and that most new compounds tested exhibited high activities of inhibition on rhAChE. The study suggests that rhAChE is available to be applied in screening AChE inhibitors in vitro.
Acetylcholinesterase ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cholinesterase Inhibitors ; analysis ; pharmacology ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Indans ; analysis ; pharmacology ; Inhibitory Concentration 50 ; Kinetics ; Piperidines ; analysis ; pharmacology ; Plasmids ; Recombinant Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Transfection

Objective To discuss the clinical ultiliazation and significance of microembolus detection by transcranial Doppler (TCD) sonography in intracranial stenosis-occlusive disease.Data sources All related articles in this review were mainly searched from PubMed published in English from 1996 to 2012 using the terms of microembolic signal,transcranial Doppler,intracranial stenosis,stroke.Study selection Original articles and reviews were selected if they were related to the clinical utilization of microembolus detection in intracranial stenosis-occlusive disease.Results Intracranial stenosis is a significant cause of cerebral emboli,and microembolus detection by TCD sonography were widely used in exploring the mechanisms of ischemic stroke with intracranial stenosis (including the middle cerebral artery stenosis and the vertebral-basilar stenosis),evaluating the prognosis of acute stroke,evaluating the therapeutic effects,and predicting the recurrent events of stroke.Conclusion Microembolus detection by TCD sonography plays an important role in the cerebral ischemic stroke patients with intracranial stenosis.

Microvesicles transport special proteins, micro RNA and DNA segments, which provides new access to intercellular communication. Tumor-derived membrane microvesicles (TMV) are involved in the tumor progress by transporting tumor-derived proteins, delivering microRNA to surrounding normal cells to alter their phenotype and promoting reverse transcription to interfere gene stability and to create tumor microenvironment. TMV also play crucial roles in tumor angiogenesis and matrix degradation, which facilitates malignant cell metastasis. TMVs are also involved in escaping immunological surveillance by intensifying the function of suppressor T cell and inducing apoptosis of cytotoxic T cells. On the other hand, microvesicles carry tumor antigens and can be used for development of tumor vaccines; some new vaccines such as AEX and DEX are under early clinical trials. Circulating microRNA and DNA segments in body fluid can be a new potential biomarker for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Purification of microvesicles needs to be further improved, which is important for identification of microvesicles and their subtypes.
Cell Communication ; Cytoplasmic Vesicles ; chemistry ; physiology ; ultrastructure ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Neoplastic Processes ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; Tumor Microenvironment

Objective To study the effect of diammonium glycyrrhizinate on the pharmacokinetic of simvastain in rats.Methods A parallel de-sign was applied in this study.12 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 2 groups:control group and treatment group ( n=6).Rats in control group were given simvastain alone 40 mg? kg-1 , while those in the treat-ment group were given diammonium glycyrrhizinate 40 mg? kg -1 followed by intragastric administration of simvastain 40 mg? kg -1 .The plasma concentration of simvastain was determined by LC -MS/MS method. Pharmacokinetic parameters were compared between the two groups. Results The pharmacokinetic parameters of simvastain in control group and treatment group were as follow:Cmax were(148.7 ±37.6) and (221.8 ±61.8) ng?mL-1;AUC0-t were (916.9 ±177.8) and (1573.2 ±676.6) ng?mL-1?h;and CLz were (10.4 ±1.7) and (7.1 ±2.7) L? kg-1? h-1 , respectively. Compared with control group, Cmax and AUC0-t in treatment group increased by about 48% and 72%, respectively, while the CLz decreased by about 32%.There was a significant difference between the two groups ( P<0.05) . Conclusion Diammonium glycyrrhizinate affected the pharmacokinetics of simvastain in rats.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6 ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Loss of Heterozygosity ; Male ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo review the history, development, and reality of neuronavigation surgery in China and to discuss the future of neuronavigation surgery.

DATA SOURCESPubMed, the China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database, and the VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals were searched for papers published from 1995 to the present with the key words "neuronavigation," functional navigation," "image-guided," and "stereotaxy." Articles were reviewed for additional citations, and some information was gathered from Web searches.

STUDY SELECTIONArticles related to neuronavigation surgery in China were selected, with special attention to application to brain tumors.

RESULTSSince the introduction of neurosurgical navigation to China in 1997, this core technique in minimally invasive neurosurgery has seen rapid development. This development has ranged from brain structural localization to functional brain mapping, from static digital models of the brain to dynamic brain-shift compensation models, and from preoperative image-guided surgery to intraoperative real-time image-guided surgery, and from application of imported equipment and technology to use of equipment and technology that possess Chinese independent intellectual property rights.

CONCLUSIONSThe development and application of neuronavigation techniques have made neurological surgeries in China more safe, precise and effective, and less invasive, and promoted the quality of Chinese neurosurgical practice to the rank of the most advance and excellence in the world.