Mobile reading has greatly impacted the use of printed Chinese books in academic libraries.It is the most important task to introduce the users-needed books in order to improve their utilization.Acquisition of Chinese books should be arranged closely around the need of users by studying the reading features of users under mobile reading environment and establishing the open channels for book recommendation and feedback information in order to improve its quality .

Objective To study the microsurgical and anatomic structures of brachial plexus roots and vertebral canal to find the best approaches for reimplantation of avulsed brachial plexus ventral roots into the spinal cord.Methods On nineteen cervicothoracic spine specimens,the brachial plexus nerves were exposed along to intervertebral foramen,and the spinal cord and brachial plexus roots were exposed by excising the vertebral arch and sectioning the spinal dura mater.The anatomy of brachial plexus roots and vertebrae,and the relative positions of spinal cord segments to vertebral discs were measured and observed.Results The relative positions of spinal cord segments to vertebral discs are:C5-7 spinal cord segments face C3,4,C4,5 and C5,6 vertebral discs;and C8 and T1 spinal cord segments face C6 and C7 vertebrae.Based on the anatomic finding,four approaches were found out: the lateroventral approach,the lateral approach by enlarging intervertebral foramen,the laterodorsal approach and the lateral and dorsal combined approach.Conclusions The brachial plexus ventral roots can be best reimplanted into the spinal cord by the lateroventral approach and the lateral approach.Although the laterodorsal approach and the lateral and dorsal combined approach are not the best,they are less difficuh and dangerous.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the inhibitory effect of genistin combined with anastrozole on the growth and apoptosis of breast tumor tissue, and to study their anti-cancer mechanism by using the model of 7,12-dimethylbenz [alpha] anthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary tumors following ovariectomy in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats.

METHODSThe DMBA induced postmenopausal SD rats were randomly divided into the control group, the genistein group, the anastrozole group, and the genistein combined with anastrozole group. The growth of tumors was observed in each group. The proliferation index and apoptosis index of tumor cells were determined. Moreover, estradiol (E2) and 17beta-HSD1 mRNA levels were determined by ELISA and RT-PCR respectively.

RESULTSThe tumor growth was inhibited in the genistein group and the anastrozole group. The inhibitory ratio was significantly higher in the genistein combined with anastrozole group (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, levels of E2 and 17beta-HSD1 mRNA decreased more significantly in the genistein combined with anastrozole group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSGenistein could suppress the growth of mammary tumors in postmenopausal rats. It showed synergistic effect when combined with anastrozole, which resulted in reduced levels of E2 and 17beta-HSD1 mRNA. It had inhibitory effect on the growth of breast tumors.

17-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases ; metabolism ; Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Estradiol ; metabolism ; Female ; Genistein ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental ; chemically induced ; pathology ; Nitriles ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Ovariectomy ; Postmenopause ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Triazoles ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the factors influencing the pregnancy outcomes of artificial insemination with donor sperm (AID), improve the pregnancy rate, and evaluate the safety of the offspring.

METHODSWe retrospectively analyzed 7,761 cycles of AID for 5,109 infertile couples performed between July 1, 2005 and June 30, 2013 in the Center of Reproductive Medicine of Shenyang No 204 Hospital, the outcomes of pregnancy, and the incidence of birth defects.

RESULTSTotally, 2 252 clinical pregnancies were achieved by AID, in which the pregnancy rate per cycle was 29. 02% and the cumulative pregnancy rate was 44. 08%. The clinical pregnancy rate was remarkably higher in the females of ≤ 35 years than in those of > 35 years old (30.31% vs 20.18%, P < 0.01), in the women with < 5-year infertility than in those with > 5-year infertility (30.83% vs 28.16%, P < 0.01), and in the patients of the ovarian stimulation group than in those of the natural cycle group (33.22% vs 28.68%, P < 0.01) The clinical pregnancy rate was the highest in the first treatment cycle (29.87%), with statistically significant difference from the fourth cycle (23.61%) (P < 0.05), but not between the other cycles (P > 0.05). There were 28 cases of birth defects in the offspring (1.40%), including 6 cases (21.43%) involving the cardiovascular system, 4 (14.29%) involving the musculoskeletal system, 3 (10.71%) involving the urogenital system, 3 (10.71%) involving the central nervous system, 2 cases (7.14%) of cleft lip and palate, 2 (7.14%) involving the respiratory system, 2 (7.14%) involving the gastrointestinal digestive system, and other anomalies.

CONCLUSIONFemale age, infertility duration, and ovarian stimulation treatment are important factors influencing the clinical pregnancy rate of AID. Artificial insemination with cryopreserved donor sperm does not increase the incidence of birth defects, which is considered as a relatively safe technique of assisted reproduction.

Adult ; Cryopreservation ; Female ; Humans ; Infertility ; Insemination, Artificial, Heterologous ; methods ; Male ; Maternal Age ; Ovulation Induction ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Pregnancy Rate ; Retrospective Studies ; Semen Preservation ; methods ; Spermatozoa ; Time Factors

Objective To investigate the effects of heat-killed Staphylococcus aureus (HKSA) on the apoptosis and expression of iNOS and IL-1β in THP-1 monocytes in the presence of high concentration of glucose.Methods THP-1 cells were cultured in medium containing 25.0 mmol/L(HG) or 5.5 mmol/L (LG,control) D-glucose for 12 h-8 d.The THP-1 cells cultured for 6 d were extracted on the 0-48 h with or without HKSA,then apoptosis and expression of iNOS and IL-1β were examined.Apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry and expressions of IL-1β and iNOS were quantitated by real-time PCR.Results The expression of iNOS and IL-1β in THP-1 monocytes was increased significantly in the presence of high concentration of glucose for 12-48 h(P＜0.05),reaching the highest level at 24 h and returned to baseline after 4 d.The expression was significantly lower than that of control after 4-6 d.Apoptosis rate was also increased significantly after 48 h to 4 days.HKSA infection enhanced apoptosis,but inhibited the expression of iNOS and IL-1 β in the presence of high concentration of glucose.The expression of iNOS and IL-1β increased significantly at 6 h(P＜0.01),reaching the highest level at 12 h,but the levels were significantly lower than those in control groups (P＜0.05).Conclusion These data suggest that high concentration of glucose can interfere with the anti-bacterial function of monocytes by reducing their expression of iNOS and IL-1β and enhancing their apoptosis.

Objective To explore the prevalence rates of disabilities among the ethnic minority people in China. Methods Utilizing stratified, multiphase, and cluster probability sampling design, 2 526 145 persons were investigated and screened by trained interviewers,including 297 761 persons with ethnic minority backgrounds. Respondents scoring positive for potential problems were referred to physician for further diagnosis on disability and on scale measurement.Results The overall prevalence rate of disability for both ethnic minority and Han population were 6.24% (95%CI:6.16%-6.51% ) and 6.41% (95% CI: 6.38%-6.51% ) respectively. The total aggregate age-adjusted prevalence rate of disability was 7.31% for persons with ethnic minority. The prevalence rate of disabilities in male was significantly higher than that in females (7.31% vs. 6.75% ). The ranking of prevalence rates on different type of disabilities were: physical disability 1.90% (95%CI:1.89%-1.91%), hearing disability 1.34%(95%CI: 1.33%-1.35%), multiple disability 1.14%(95%CI:1.13%-1.15% ), vision disability 0.99% (95%CI: 0.97%-1.01% ), psychiatric disability 0.38%(95%CI:0.37%-0.40% ), intellectual disability 0.38% (0.37%-0.39%) and speech disability 0.12% (0.11%-0.13% ). Cerebral Palsy, genetic diseases, tympanitis, cerebral disease and mental retardation (not including unknown items) were the major causes for disabled children with ethnicity background.Degenerated diseases, including osteoarthropathy, cerebrovascular disease, elderly-related deafness or cataract were most important causes for ethnic minority persons aged 60 or over. Injury, including traffic accident was important disabled-related factor for persons with minority ethnicity aged 15-59.The main causes and ranking of causes for ethnical minority were similar with that for Han population.Conclusion The prevalence rate of disability for ethnic minority persons was significantly higher than that for Han population in China. Prevention for different types of disability should be provided accordingly to persons with ethnic minority, in different age groups.

Objective: To investigate the effects of tea polysaccharide (TP) on blood glucose and diabetic symptoms in mice. Methods: Alloxan-induced diabetic mice were divided into 4 groups, and administered orally with saline, TP at doses of 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 g/kg body weight, respectively for 4 weeks. Water intake and body weight were recorded daily and weekly respectively.Fasting blood samples were collected for measurement of glucose at the end of 2nd and 4th week.Results: Symptoms of diabetic mice fed TP were improved obviously. Their blood glucose concentration and water intake decreased significantly. On the other hand, their body weight increased obviously. There was positive correlation between blood glucose and water intake, but negative correlation between water intake and body weight. Conclusion: TP can decrease blood glucose concentration and improve diabetic symptoms in mice.

BACKGROUND: Parkinson disease(PD) is a series of clinical symptom induced by decreased dopamine (DA) in the striatum due to nigral dopaminergic neuronal degeneration. The intracerebral transplantation of secretory DA can reverse or improve the symptoms to a certain extent, but immunologic rejection is still existed.OBJECTIVE: To probe into cell transplantation with immunoisolation in treatment of in rats without application of immunosuppress and observe its mechanical intensity and the biocompatibility of microcapsule .DESIGN: Randomized controlled experiment was designed.SETTING: Biomedical Material Engineering Group, Dalian Institute of ChemicalPhysics , Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Jilin University.MATERIALS: The experiment was performed in Animal Experimental Center of Second Hospital of Jilin University from August 2003 to February 2004, in which, 40 male Wistar rats were employed. PC12 cell was provided from Shanghai Institute of Cellular Biology of Chinese Academy of Sciences.METHODS: 6-hydroxydopamine solution was infused in the striatum to prepare animal model of Parkinson disease. Twenty-five rats of those had been prepared successfully and were randomized into microencapsulated cell transplantation group (12 rats), in which, 25 μL cell-loading sodium alginate-chitosan-solium alginate(ACA)microencapsul suspension (equal to 2.5×104 cells) was injected stereotaxically on two points of the right (affected side) striatum of animal model; non-microencapsulated cell transplantation group (7 rats), in which, 25 μL PC12 cell suspension (equal to 5×104cells) was injected; and empty microcapsul transplantation group (6 rats),in which, 25 μL empty microcapsules suspension was injected . On the 7th day after transplantation, in every group, apomorphine (APO) prepared with saline solution was injected (0.05 mg/kg) subcutaneously in the neck; afterwards, the revolving behavior was recorded for each rat, once per week,totally for 12 weeks. In the 12th week after operation, the rats were sacrificed with anesthesia. The brain tissue was collected for pathological observation and microcapsule were retrieved to evaluation of biocompatibility and immunoisolation.numbers before and after transplantation of each group.RESULTS:Twenty-five rats entered result analysis and the rest was sule: the retrieved ACA microcapsule was integrative in morphology,munoisolation of microcapsule: microencapsuled PC12 cells were prolifercycles before and after transplantation of each group: the records of lateral revolving of rats in every group before transplantation were not significantly different (P ＞ 0.05). In microencapsuled cell transplantation group, 2weeks later, the average number of revolving was significantly lower than that before the transplantation, or even the revolving stopped; the improved symptoms were maintained till the 12th week after transplantation. In nonmicroencapsulated cell transplantation group, the average revolving number was also significantly lower than that before the transplantation, but that on the 8th and 12th weeks was in tendency of increase, without obvious change compared with that before the transplantation (P ＞ 0.05). The revolving number before and after transplantation in non-microencapsulated transplantation group was similar[(10.5±1.4), (10.5±1.3) cyclos/min, P ＞ 0.05].microcapsule provides immune protection. The grafted encapsulated PC12cells survive for along term in the brain of rats with PD, maintain continuously the normal physiological function and improve the symptoms of PD by synthesizing and releasing DA.

Objective To investigate the pathogens and their drug resistance of neonatal skin infection in Maternal-Neonatal Unit to provide evidence for rational selection of antibiotics.Methods Secretions of skin lesions from newborns with skin infections delivered in Maternal-Neonatal Unit,Department of Obstetrics of Beijing Daxing People's Hospital from Jan.2009 to Dec.2010 were collected,cultured and identified for bacterial serotype.Antibiotic resistances of pathogens were determined.Enumeration data was presented by frequency and rate.The difference between groups was compared with Chi-square test.Results Two hundred and six newborn skin infection cases were diagnosed,which accounted for 2.3％ of all newborns (n=9131) delivered in the hospital during the study period.Two types of skin infection were identified,impetigo (n=192,93.2％) and omphalitis (n=14,6.8％).Totally 154 pathogens were found,including 95 (61.7％) Gram-positive cocci and 59 (38.3 ％) Gram-negative bacilli.The major pathogens among Gram-positive cocci were Staphylococcus aureus (45/154, 29.2％), followed by Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus haemolyticus.Staphylococcus was sensitive to Cefazolin,Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and Piperacillin/tazobactam,while resistant to Penicillin,Ampicillin and Erythromycin.The major pathogens among Gram-negative bacilli were Enterobacter cloacae (19/154,12.3％),followed by Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae.Drug resistance rate of Gram-negative bacilli was high in penicillin,aminoglycosides and cephalosporins,while they were sensitive to piperacillin/tazobactam,Ampicillin/sulbactam,carbapenems and Quinolones.Conclusions Gram-positive cocci are the main pathogens of neonatal skin infection in the Maternal-Neonatal Unit,and among which Staphylococcus aureus is the major pathogen.Multi-drug resistance is common in the identified pathogens.Attentions should be paid to use antibiotics reasonably according to drug sensitivity test.

Objective To investigate the prenatal emotional disorder of the primipame and the related factors,and to analyze its influence on the delivery mode.Methods In the prospective cohort study,590 healthy primiparase were asked to complete a self-compiled questionnaires for their general social mental state,state-trait anxiety inventory(STAI)and self-rating depression scale(SDS).Results Questionnaires of 159 patients were selected and these patients were divided into the anxiety group(114 cases)and the control group(455 cases),the depression group(159 cases)and the control group(410 cases).The ratio of selective cesarean section in the anxiety group was significantly higher(45.61%,32.53%,X2=6.85,P＜0.01),while the successful trial of labor were less than that of the control group(19.35%,47.88%,X2=26.30,P＜0.01).The ratio of selective cesarean section in the depression group was significandy higher than that of the control group(46.54%,31.95%,X2=10.21,P＜0.01),while the successful trial of labor were less than that of the control group(31.76%.46.59%,X2=9.13,P＜0.01).Single-factor analysis showed that prenatal anxiety related to the following factors:fear of childbirth,worried about their children,knowledge for childbirth,high economic status,maternal age and their own economic situation.Conclusions Higher incidence and risk factors of anxiety or depression before delivery,such as advanced delivery age,bad economic condition,weak family support,worrying about the safety of babies and themselves,are found in our study.Prenatal emotional disorder would affect the quality of labor and delivery options,and lead the high risk of cesarean section.