Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Serologic Tests ; Syphilis, Congenital ; diagnosis ; drug therapy

Eight-year medical education is to train medical personnel with high research abi lity and innovative ability, while the experimental teaching, as an important part of physiology teaching, plays an important role in training students in observation, problem-solving skills and practical ability. This article mainly discusses our exploration and practice of teaching in physiology experiment for eight-year program medical students from teaching contents and organization of class teaching, in order to fully increase the studying enthusiasms and meet the scientific mind of these students.

UNLABELLEDOBJECTIVE To study the in vitro effect and mechanism of Ginkgo biloba Extract 50 (GBE50) for inhibiting beta-amyloid (Abeta)-induced oxidative stress in rats' hippocampal neurons.

METHODSThe primary hippocampal neurons were cultured in vitro and divided into 4 groups, i. e. the normal control group (Ctrl), the Abeta group, the propanediol control group (PDO), and the six GBE50 concentrations groups (5, 10, 25, 50, 100, and 200 microg/mL). Excepted the Ctrl group, neurons were induced to oxidative stress by 20 gmolLAbeta25-35. The MTT and fluorescent probes labeling were used to observe the effect of GBE50 with different concentrations on the cell viability and the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in neurons. Furthermore, Western blot was used to detect the cytoplasmic/total cytochrome C (Cyto C) ratio and total intracytoplasmal Cyto C, and the effect of the expression of oxidative stress-related protein Cyto C and activated Caspase-3 in three GBE50 concentrations groups (25, 50, and 100 microg/mL).

RESULTSCompared with the Ctrl group, the cell vitality was obviously lowered and intracellular ROS generation significantly increased after induction of 20 micromol/L Abeta25-35 (both P < 0.05). Compared with the Abeta group, the cell vitality was evidently improved after treated with different GBE50 doses. Except for 10 microg/mL, the cell vitality could be obviously elevated along with increased drug concentrations (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the intracellular ROS generation decreased significantly in each GBE50 dose groups (P < 0.05). Abeta could increase the cytoplasmic/total Cyto C ratio and enhance the activated Caspase-3 expression significantly (P < 0.05). Compared with the Abeta group, among the three concentrations of GBE50, the Cyto C ratio was obviously lowered in the 100 microg/mL GBE50 group (P < 0.05), and the expression of activated Caspase-3 significantly decreased in 50 microg/mL and 100 microg/mL GBE50 groups (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS20 micromol/L Abeta25-35 could induce the generation of intracellular ROS in hippocampal neurons. GBE50 could inhibit Abeta induced intracellular oxidative stress of neurons through lowering the cytoplasmic/total Cyto C ratio and inhibiting the activation of apoptosis protein Caspase-3 expression.

Amyloid beta-Peptides ; toxicity ; Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytochromes c ; metabolism ; Hippocampus ; metabolism ; Neurons ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; Peptide Fragments ; toxicity ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To explore the influence of automatic and semi-automatic hemodialyzer reuse method on hemodialyzer reuse effect. Methods 1728 dialyzers were randomly divided into automatichemodialyzer reuse group and semi- automatic hemodialyzer reuse group with 864 dialyzers in each group. Thetime of douching and testing, the cost of sterilization,the frequency of the pyrphgen reaction,the broken dialyzer membrane and re-examined dialyzer between the two groups were measured. Results The time of douching dialyzer, testing of total cell volume and pressure in the semi- automatic hemodialyzer reuse group was (26.443±3.237), (2.172±0.128) and (2.157±0.090) minutes respectively,while the automatic hemodialyzer reuse group was (5.793±0.193), (1.257±0.118) and (1.110±0.076) minutes respectively. The frequency of re-examined dialyzer in testing total cell volume and pressure was 499(57.755%), 243(28.125%) respectively. At the same time, all dialyzer in semi-automatic hemodialyzer reuse group could be examined successfully at a time. The cost of sterilization in automatic henmdialyzer reuse group was (9.330±0.138)yuan. No pyrogen reaction and broken dialyzer membrane happened. Conclusions The semi-automatic bemodialyzer reuse group can retrench cost during perfusion,but consumes long douching time, lacks matching detection equipment, difficult to detect, and is not easy to read data and has high re- examination rate. while in the automatic hemodialyzer group, it is convenient of douching and detection, but the cost of sterilization and equipment is high, and clinical demand can be fulfilled only when the dialysis center can allocate reasonable number of the machines.

Objective To explore the clinical significance of the blood lactic dehydrogenase(LDH), ?_2-microglobulin(?_2-MG),D-dimer measuring in the diagnosis and treatment of Non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Methods In 40 cases with NHL,LDH was measured by L-P continuous monitoring method,?_2-MG was measured by luminescent immunoassay,D-dimer was measured by immunoturbidimettic assay.Results The levels of the blood LDH,?_2-MG and D-dimer in patients with NHL were higher than those of in the controls(P 0.05).Con- clusion The levels of blood LDH,?_2-MG,D-dimer can be taken as an auxiliary clinical index to diagnose, classify the phase,evaluate the effectiveness of treatment and prognosis in the NHL patients,and have impor- tant clinical significance.

Objective To analyze the etiologic factors and clinical manifestation of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in preterm infants.Methods One hundred and seventy-two preterm infants from June 2005 to August 2006 were accrued to investigate their gestational age,birth weight,birth history,and clinical symptoms.Cranial chromatic ultrasound was used to scan the preterm infants and diagnose IVH.Results 1.The incidence of IVH was associated with gestational age (?2=6.40 P=0.011);2.The incidence of IVH was also associated with birth weight(?2=26.49 P=0);3.IVH usually occurred within 72 h with mild clinical manifestations and was diagnosed within 5 days after birth;4.IVH occurred more frequently and more severe in infants with severe asphyxia than those with mild asphyxia.Conclusions Early gestational age,low birth weight, and severe asphyxia are risk factors for IVH.The clinical symptoms of IVH are usually mild in most patients.Cranial chromatic ultrasound is a reliable,sensitive and convenient method of detection for IVH in preterm infants.

BACKGROUNDAlthough acute congestive heart failure (CHF) patients typically present with abnormal auscultatory findings on lung examination, lung sounds are not normally subjected to rigorous analysis. The goals of this study were to use a computerized analytic acoustic tool to evaluate lung sound patterns in CHF patients during acute exacerbation and after clinical improvement and to compare CHF profiles with those of normal individuals.

METHODSLung sounds throughout the respiratory cycle was captured using a computerized acoustic-based imaging technique. Thirty-two consecutive CHF patients were imaged at the time of presentation to the emergency department and after clinical improvement. Digital images were created, geographical area of the images and lung sound patterns were quantitatively analyzed.

RESULTSThe geographical areas of the vibration energy image of acute CHF patients without and with radiographically evident pulmonary edema were (67.9 +/- 4.7) and (60.3 +/- 3.5) kilo-pixels, respectively (P < 0.05). In CHF patients without and with radiographically evident pulmonary edema (REPE), after clinical improvement the geographical area of vibration energy image of lung sound increased to (74.5 +/- 4.4) and (73.9 +/- 3.9) kilo-pixels (P < 0.05), respectively. Vibration energy decreased in CHF patients with REPE following clinical improvement by an average of (85 +/- 19)% (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSWith clinical improvement of acute CHF exacerbations, there was more homogenous distribution of lung vibration energy, as demonstrated by the increased geographical area of the vibration energy image. Lung sound analysis may be useful to track in acute CHF exacerbations.

Adult ; Aged ; Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted ; Female ; Heart Failure ; complications ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pulmonary Edema ; etiology ; pathology ; Respiratory Sounds ; physiology

Adult ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors ; metabolism ; Cerebral Ventricle Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fourth Ventricle ; Ganglioglioma ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein ; metabolism ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Nerve Tissue Proteins ; metabolism ; Oligodendrocyte Transcription Factor 2 ; Rosette Formation ; Synaptophysin ; metabolism ; Young Adult

Objective To analyze the local control rate and the desimetric patterns of local recurrence in nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC)patients having been treated with standardized conventional radiotherapy and to evaluate the delineation of rational target volume.Methods From Jan.2000 to Dec.2000,476 patients with untreated NPC were treated by standardized conventional radiotherapy alone at the Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center.The radiation ports were designed on a X-ray simulator.The nasopharyngeal lesion demonstrated by CT scan and the subclinical spread regions adjacent to the nasopharynx were defined as the target volume.Kaplan- Meier method was used to calculate the cumulative local recurrence rate.For patients with locad recurrence,the primary and recurrent local tumor volumes(V_(nx),V_(recur))were delineated with three-dimensional treatment planning system(3DTPS),and the dataset of radiation ports and delivered prescription dose to the 3DTPS were transferred according to the first treatment.The dose of radiation received by V_(recur)was calculated and analyzed with dose- volume histogram(DVH).Local recurrence was classified as:1.“in-port”with 95% or mere of the recurrence volume((recur)_V_(95))was within the 95% isedase;2.“marginal”with 20% to95% of _(recur)V_(95)within the 95% isedese; 3.“outside”with only less than 20% of _(recur)_V_(95)within the 95% isodose curve.Results With the median follow- up of 42.5 months(range 8～54 months),52 patients developed local recurrence.The 1-,2-,3 and 4-year cumulative local failure rate was 0.6%,3.9%,8.7% and 11.5%,respectively.Among the 42 local recurrent patients who could be analyzed by 3DTPS,52% were in-port,40% were marginal and 7% were outside.For most of the marginal recurrence and all the outside recurrence patients,the main reason of recurrence were related to the unreasonable design of the radiation port and inaccuracy in the interpretation image findings.Conclusions The outcome of better local control rate and the dosimetric pattern of local recurrence show that the target volume is reasonable for NPC in Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center.Enhancing the capability of correct interpretation of images,accurate design of the radiation pouts and making most useful molecular or functional imaging techniques to escalate the local radiation dose are promising ways to improve the local control further and better.

AIM:To investigate the effect of β-elemene on reversing hepatocyte growth factor(HGF)-induced resistance to gefitinib in PC-9 cells, and to explore its possible mechanisms.METHODS: The gefitinib-resistant PC-9 cells induced by HGF were treated with β-elemene or/and gefitinib.The cell activity was measured by MTT assay.The effect of β-elemene on the invasion ability in HGF-induced resistance to gefitinib in PC-9 cells was detected by Transwell migration assay.The protein levels of p-Met, c-Met, p-AKT and AKT in PC-9 cells of each group were determined by Western blot.RESULTS:The results of MTT assay showed that the cell activity of PC-9 cells was significantly inhibited by β-elemene(P<0.05).IC50of β-elemene for PC-9 cells was 169.31 mg/L.IC50of gefitinib for PC-9 cells was 0.30 μmol/L.Exogenously adding recombinant HGF induced significantly resistance to gefitinib in PC -9 cells.Moreover, SU11274(an inhibitor of c-Met)significantly decreased the viability of the cells exposed to HGF and gefitinib(P <0.05).Combined treatment with β-elemene and gefitinib in the presence of HGF(50 μg/L)significantly decreased the viability of PC-9 cells as compared with the PC-9 cells treated with gefitinib alone in the presence of HGF(P<0.05),so did the result of the cell migration.The protein levels of p-Met and p-AKT were significantly up-regulated by HGF,while the protein levels of p-Met and p-AKT were markedly down-regulated in the cells treated with β-elemene and gefitinib com-pared with gefitinib alone in the presence of HGF.CONCLUSION: β-elemene reverses HGF-induced resistance to ge-fitinib in lung cancer PC-9 cells,likely due to the inhibition of HGF-induced activation of c-Met and its down streams sig-naling pathways(P<0.01).