ObjectiveTo analyze the change in the incidence of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) in the past 27 years and to probe the relationship between iodine and these carcinomas. MethodsStatistical analysis was performed on data of thyroid diseases, thyroid malignant tumors, PTC , FTC and their complications in Department of Pathology from 1978 to 2004 in General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University with Run test、Cox-Stuart test, ANOVA, t or t′ test and Chi-square test. ResultsIn 27 years there were 231837 cases of biopsies (average 8587cases/year). The biopsies were performed in the thyroid diseases as a whole 6276 cases (2.70%),thyroidmalignanttumors644cases(0.28%), PTCs 465 cases (0.20%), and FTCs 80 cases (0.03%) in 27 years. Biopsies in thyroid diseases as a whole showed a descending tendency since 1982 but an ascending tendency after 1995. Biopsy in malignant thyroid tumor did not show a significant change, and biopsy in PTC showed an ascending tendency and that in FTC showed a descending tendency after 1995. The average age, both in male and female patients, at the time of diagnosis of PTC and FTC showed no significant change during 27 years, but the mean age of male at the time of diagnosis was older than that of female. The ratios of male to female in PTC and FTC were 1:3.31、1:2.81 respectively,and showed no significant change either. There were more biopsies with lymph node metastasis in PTC (33.76%) than those in FTC (10.00%) and more biopsies with blood vessel involved or nodular goiter in FTC (11.25% and 13.75%) than those in PTC (0.65% and 4.52%). Mean age of patients with PTC and nodular goiter (44.3 years old) was older than those without goiter (38.1 years old). The ratios of male to female with PTC and FTC with lymph node metastasis were higher than those without lymph node metastasis. ConclusionThe incidence of thyroid malignant tumors in 27 years has no significant change. The contrary tendency of PTC and FTC suggests that the decreasing malignant degree of carcinoma. It suggests that this area is not in high iodine condition and the change have no relationship with the iodine intake.

Objective To optimize the extraction conditions of volatile oil from Angelica Sinensis and Cassia Bark in Wenyang purgation granules.Methods The volatile oil was extracted from Angelica Sinensis and Cassia Bark by the method of steam distillation light oil device with diethyl ether extraction. The yield of the volatile oil was chosen as the evaluation index. The time of dip in water, the ratio of water to herbal medicine material and the time of distillation were used as the main factors. The optimum extraction conditions were investigated by the L9(34) orthogonal design. Results The optimal conditions for extraction process of volatile oil from Angelica Sinensis and Cassia Bark in Wenyang purgation granules were as follows:the time of dip in water was 3 h;the ratio of water to herbal medicine material was 10∶1;the time of distillation was 6 h. Conclusion The optimized conditions of extraction process are stable and feasible.

Object To extract and purify a novel fibrinolytic enzyme from Perinereis aibuhitensis Grube Methods The enzyme was precipitated from the extract by ammonium sulfate, dialyzed, chromatographed on Sephadex G 100 column, and then purified by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis Its fibrinolytic activity was assessed with fibrin plate method Results The purified enzyme showed an isoelectric point (PI) around 4 5 as tested by gel isoelectric focusing It consisted of two polypeptide chains with molecular weights around 33 000 u and 14 400 u, respectively Conclusion This was a novel fibrinolytic enzyme discovered from P aibuhitensis for the first time

Background The incidence of posterior capsular opacification (PCO) is increasing with the growing of cataract surgery rate.Recent researches provend that disintegrin has inhibitory effect on PCO,and echistatin is one of the disintegrin prime families.Objective This study was to investigate the effects of disintegrin and echistatin on proliferation,adhestion and migration in human lens epithelial cells (LECs) line (SRA01/04).Methods Human LECs line at logarithmic growth phase was used in the study.Cells were cocultured with medium and different concentrations of echistatin (0,2.5,5.0,7.5,10.0,15.0,20.0 mg/L) for different time.The proliferative inhibitory rates of LECs were detected by MTT method 24,48 and 72 hours after cultured.Anti-adhesion effect of echistatin were analyzed by the same assay in 90 minutes.Cell scratching test was performed to evaluate the migration ability of LECs.The width of the scratch was recorded in the culture plate covered with cells under an inverted microscope.After being cultured for 24 hours and 48 hours with echistatin,cell migration distances was examined.Results Compared with the 0 mg/L echistatin group,cells proliferation was obviously inhibited.After cultured with 2.5,5.0,7.5,10.0,15.0,20.0 mg/L echistatin,the proliferation inhibitory rate was 2.6％,15.4％,21.2％,34.7％,46.1％,58.2％ at 24 hours;6.6％,21.9％,38.2％,50.0％,60.7％,76.9％ at 48 hours and 9.8％,29.0％,46.6％,63.4％,69.1％,92.4％ at 72 hours,respectively.The absorbance value (A) in the 5.0,7.5,10.0,15.0,20.0 mg/L groups were significantly lower than that in the 0 mg/L group (P＜ 0.05).With the prolongation of acting time of Ecs,the A value of the cells was gradually reduced,with statistically significant difference (P＜0.05).The adhesion inhibitory rate was 2.6％,15.0％,26.1％,35.3％,45.2％ and 54.5％ in the 2.5,5.0,7.5,10.0,15.0,20.0 mg/L group,respectively.Compared with the result in the 0 mg/L group,the A value in the 5.0,7.5,10.0,15.0,20.0 mg/L group was statistically significant (P＜0.05).After cultured for 24 hours and 48 hours,cell migration distance shortened in the 5.0,7.5,10.0,15.0,20.0 mg/L group,showing a statistically significant difference among them (P＜0.05).Cell migration distance was gradually shortened with the lapse of action time of Ecs with the significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions echistatin has inhibitory effects on proliferation,adhestion and migration for human LECs in vitro in time-and dose-dependent manner.It is inferred that echistatin may play a role in the prevention and treatment of PCO.

Background Efficient and lowcost way to isolate keratocytes is helpful for research on cornea.Either relatively expensive or inefficient is the shortage of those means now applied,while raising the keratocytes through passage will change the phenotype of them quickly.Our aim is to approach the way getting keratocytes effectively utilizing modified two step enzymatic digestion by type I collagenase. Objective To evaluate the effect of isolating the bovine keratocytes utilizing two step enzymatic digestion and observe the morphological changes of the keratocytes during cultivation in vitro. Methods Keratocytes were isolated from bovine corneas using 0.5 mg/mL and 1 mg/mL type I collagenase digestion.The harvesting rate and viability rate of the primary keratocytes were evaluated.During the primary cultivation in vitro,the morphological changes of the keratocytes and their F-action distribution were observed.Results(1)The extracellular matrix of the bovine corneas were almost dissolved by the two step enzymatic digestion,followed the keratocytes completely isolated from the solid matrix.The amount of the harvested keratocytes from each cornea was(2.11±0.15)X106 on average while the viability rate was(91.69±3.73)% and the inoculation rate Was(81.20±1.25)%.(2)The primary keratocytes attached and spreaded out with dendritic and stellate morphology.After 3 days cultured,the branches of the keratocytes were contacting and formed networks.The F-actin detected by phalloidin binding showed a limited cortical localization. Conclusion (1)The method of two step enzymatic digestion can make the extracellular matrix of bovine cornea stroma completely degraded with the advantages in high efficiency of harvesting keratocytes and high cell viability and relatively simple manipulation. (2) The primary bovine keratocytes have dendritic morphology and with limited F-action distribute in cellular cortex.

The preparation and application of universal group O donor red blood cells (RBC) are a trend of future transfusion medicine. This article reviewed the technologies for producing universal RBC in recent years. One of them is modification of blood group antigens, which includes two basic methods. One of these two methods is enzymatic cleavage of the terminal immunodominant sugars from carbohydrate chains on the membrane of group A or/and group B RBC, in order to produce so-called enzyme-converted group O (ECO) RBC. ECO RBC have been produced from whole units of B RBC, which then survived normally when given to type A and O individuals in clinical trial. Because of the complexity of group A antigens, conversion of group A RBC (especially A1 RBC) to group O RBC is more difficult. Recently, a new bacterial glycosidase efficiently cleaving antigens on the surface of both A₁ and A₂ RBC has been obtained. Another method is pegylation, which camouflage the antigens on the surface of RBC with non-immunogenic molecules such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) in a non-specific way, to provide O, minor antigen negative phenotype RBC. The second technology is generating universal RBC from stem cells (such as hematopoietic stem cells, human embryonic stem cells) and human dermal fibroblasts, which will provide a new resource for blood supply. Great progress has been made, but a number of challenges still remain for using them in clinical transfusion, including scale-up, effectiveness and safety of prepared RBC. However, these researches will provide solutions for the problems in current transfusion, such as blood supply shortage, blood borne disease and emergency blood transfusion, and enhance the safety of clinical transfusions in the near future.
ABO Blood-Group System ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Embryonic Stem Cells ; Erythrocyte Count ; Erythrocyte Transfusion ; Erythrocytes ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells ; Humans

OBJECTIVETo investigate the dynamic correlation between pre-S1 antigen, pre-S2 antigen and HBV DNA in the serum of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients undergoing nucleoside analogue therapy.

METHODS12 CHB patients with transient virological response after lamivudine treatment, and 20 patients treated with adefovir for 5 years were recruited in this study. Serum samples were collected at four time points when HBV DNA fluctuated sharply during lamivudine treatment, and at 0, 8, 12, 28, 52, 104, 156, 208, 260 weeks following adefovir treatment. HBV DNA was quantified by real-time PCR, pre-S1 and pre-S2 antigens were detected by ELISA.

RESULTSThe titers of pre-S1 and pre-S2 antigens were not correlated with the HBV DNA level in the serum of lamivudine treated patients. Only in one case of the adfovir treated patients, the decrease of pre-S1 and pre-S2 antigens was in parallel with the decrease of HBV DNA. Linear regression analysis indicated that neither pre-S1 antigen nor pre-S2 antigen was correlated with HBV DNA in the serum of lamivudine or adfovir treated patients (P more than 0.05).

CONCLUSIONOur results indicate that the titers of pre-S1 and pre-S2 antigens are not correlated with the serum HBV DNA in CHB patients undergoing nucleoside analogue therapy. Neither pre-S1 nor pre-S2 is a good predictor for the outcome of nucleoside analogue treatment.

DNA, Viral ; blood ; Hepatitis B virus ; genetics ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Lamivudine ; therapeutic use ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction

Objective To identify the epidemiological features of COVID-19 epidemic in Chenzhou City, Hunan province so as to provide scientific evidence for effective containment of the COVID-19 epidemic. Methods Descriptive epidemiological method was used to retrospectively characterize the confirmed COVID-19 cases and asymptomatic cases in Chenzhou City from January 23 through March 10, 2020. Results A total of 39 confirmed COVID-19 cases and 6 asymptomatic cases infection were documented in the city, with no death.We identified 8 clusters of COVID-19, which were all familial transmission.There was statistical difference between the sources of different types of epidemic (χ²=15.996, P < 0.001), in which all the local COVID-19 cases were the secondary cases in the clusters.As the epidemic expanded, the trend shifted from imported-case-centered to local-case-centered.The epidemic has covered 81.81% of the city area; in each area, the first COVID-19 cases were all imported. Conclusion The COVID-19 epidemic has been effectively controlled.At present, we focus on the quarantine in the entry and exit to prevent the imported epidemic.

The objective of study was to investigate the Rh antigen stability of mPEG-modified RBC. RBC membrane protein SDS-PAGE technology was used to analyze the combination of the mPEG modified RBC membrane protein with mPEG molecules; the RBC ghost coagulation test and 4 degrees C CPD-preserved modified RBC mixed with matched blood were used to observe the stability of RBC Rh antigen camouflaged by mPEG. The results showed that the blood groups of stored mPEG-modified RBC were kept consistency before or after simulating transfusion, i.e. mixture of modified RBC with matched bloods, while the plasma hemoglobin after simulating transfusion was not only within the normal range during the storage, but also less than that before simulating transfusion even after incubation at 37 degrees C. The electrophoresis pattern stained with iodine and Coomassie blue displayed the bands of mPEG combined with RBC membrane protein and the slow mobility of membrane protein. The hemagglutination of PEGylation RBC ghosts did not take place and mPEG still covered the antigen. In conclusion, mPEG-SPA can bind the erythrocyte with its extracted membrane protein in both ghosts and living erythrocytes.
Erythrocyte Membrane ; immunology ; Erythrocytes ; immunology ; Humans ; Isoantibodies ; blood ; Polyethylene Glycols ; pharmacology ; Rh-Hr Blood-Group System ; immunology ; Transfusion Reaction

Abstract: Objective To analyze the industry characteristics of new occupational pneumoconiosis in Foshan from 2007 to Methods 2021. The data of new cases of occupational pneumoconiosis in Foshan City from 2007 to 2021 were obtained from “ ” ， “ the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System subsystem the Occupational Disease and Health Hazardous ”， Results Factors Monitoring Information System and the industry characteristics of the cases were analyzed. From 2007 to ， ， （ ） 2021 there were 886 new cases of occupational pneumoconiosis in Foshan mainly include silicosis 68.3% in males （ ）， （ ） 94.2% and stage Ⅰ pneumoconiosis cases 75.9% . The median age of cases at the time of diagnosed disease was 47 years ， old and the median working age of dust exposure was 11.2 years. The enterprises where all cases are located involve eight top ， ； ， - industry categories of which manufacturing industry accounted for 97.6% and 30 major industry categories of which non （ ） ， metallic mineral products industry was the highest 60.5% . There were 554 sporadic cases and 332 cluster cases and the ， ， Conclusion industries were mainly non-metallic mineral products accounting for 55.0% and 69.6% respectively. ， - Occupational pneumoconiosis in Foshan is dominated by silicosis and the key industries are non metallic mineral products.