Using chemically defined medium as the control, mechanism of corn steep liquor (CSL) in complex medium during glycerol production by Candida glycerinogenes was studied.The results showed that there were three key factors in CSL that had some great influences on glycerol fermentation of C.glycerinogenes, including phosphorus, nitrogen, and trace elements.The maximum glycerol yield of 53.44% was achieved at an optimal phosphorus concentration of 121.75mg/L, where the CSL concentration was 14g/L.Phosphorus in CSL could control the distribution of carbon metabolism flux between EMP pathway and HMP pathway.With the increase in CSL concentrations, superfluous phosphorus could restrain HMP pathway and activate EMP pathway, thus resulting in remarkable changes in various fermentation parameters of complex medium.Nitrogen in CSL could play a cooperative role in the regulative function of phosphorus.However, it was not a suitable nitrogen source for C.glycerinogenes.Trace elements in CSL could markedly improve the glucose consumption rate, accelerate the cell growth, and enhance the glycerol yield.

Objective To simulate a finite element model for biomechanical analysis of mandible chin blast injury and analyze the mechanism of maxillofacial blast injury.Methods The three-dimensional element model of human mandible blast injury was established to simulate the dynamic process of injury to the mandible chin.Von Mises stress and effective strain were evaluated in biomechanical study of the simulation results.Results The dynamic damage process of human mandible chin blast injury was simulated successfully.In the condition of 1 000 mg and 3 cm,the Von Mises stress and effective were maximum at condylar neck region (9.1 × 106 Pa,0.62 × 10-3ε),were second at mandibular angle region (6.1 × 106 Pa,0.42 × 10-3ε),and minimum at mental foramen region (6.1 × 106 Pa,0.39 × 10-3ε).Blast distance rather than blast equivalent produced more effect on the mechanical parameters and damage degree.Conclusions Von Mises stress and effective strain can be applied to the evaluation of bone tissue damage.The finite element method is effective in simulating mandible blast injury and can provide a new thought and approach to clinical treatment of oral and maxillofacial blast injury.

Objective To develop a three-dimensional element model of pig mandible impact injury and test the simulation results in an attempt to determine the feasibility and reliability of finite element numerical simulation method used in the maxillofacial impact injury.Methods CT data was used to develop a three-dimensional finite element model of pig mandible impact injury,and the dynamic process of impact injury was simulated.The simulation results were compared with the animal experiment and had energy check to validate the reliability and feasibility of the modeling and simulation methods.Results The three-dimensional finite element model was established successfully,containing 61,512 hexahedrons,5,450 tetrahedrons,4,030 trihedrons,and 67,159 nodes.The simulation process was realistic,and the simulation results showed no statistical difference with the animal experiment with regard to strain,acceleration,and other biomechanical properties (P ＞ 0.05).The simulated damage shape had a high similarity with animal specimens,and the result of energy check also complied with energy conservation law.Conclusion Finite element method is effective to simulate the dynamic process of mandible impact which ensures a correct and reliable model and simulation,and thus can be used to analyze the mechanism of maxillofacial impact injury.

A double targets of high throughput screening model for xanthine oxidase inhibitors and superoxide anion scavengers was established. In the reaction system of xanthine oxidase, WST-1 works as the probe for the ultra oxygen anion generation, and product uric acid works as xanthine oxidase activity indicator. By using SpectraMax M5 continuous spectrum enzyme sign reflectoscope reflector, the changes of these indicators' concentration were observed and the influence factors of this reaction system to establish the high throughput screening model were studied. And the model is confirmed by positive drugs. In the reaction system, the final volume of reaction system is 50 μL and the concentrations of xanthine oxidase is 4 mU x mL(-1), xanthine 250 μmol x L(-1) and WST-1 100 μmol x L(-1), separately. The Z'-factor of model for xanthine oxidase inhibitors is 0.537 4, S/N is 47.519 9; the Z'-factor of model for superoxide anion scavengers is 0.507 4, S/N is 5.388 9. This model for xanthine oxidase inhibitors and superoxide anion scavengers has more common characteristics of the good stability, the fewer reagent types and quantity, the good repeatability, and so on. And it can be widely applied in high-throughput screening research.

Objective Finite element numerical simulation technique was applied to simulate the dynamic projectile injury process of human chin in different injury conditions and the mechanism of injury was discussed by using biomechanical analysis . Methods The 3D finite element model of human mandible projective injury was established to simulate the dynamic projectile inju‐ry process of human chin in different injury conditions (high ,medium and low speeds) ,and the simulation results were used to com‐parative analysis of biomechanics .Results The dynamic damage process of human chin projectile injury was simulated successfully in different injury conditions ,and the more serious injury of mandible was caused by faster speed .Conclusion The finite element method can simulate the projectile injury of mandible effectively ,and can provide a new thought and method for basic research and clinical treatment of oral and maxillofacial war injury .

Objective To preliminarily explore the level of spiritual needs from nurses in cancer patients,and to analyze its influencing factors.Methods Convenience sampling was applied to recruit 153 inpatients from a tertiary general hospital and a tumor hospital from December 2015 to April 2016.The Chinese version of the Nurse Spiritual Therapeutics Scale (NSTS) was administered to assess the level of spiritual needs from nurses in cancer patients.Results The total score of NSTS was (32.10-±7.68).Regression results showed that educational level and religion belief were influencing factors.Conclusion The level of spiritual needs from nurses in cancer patients was at middle level.With different educational level and religion status,the level of spiritual needs was different.

A double targets of high throughput screening model for xanthine oxidase inhibitors and superoxide anion scavengers was established. In the reaction system of xanthine oxidase, WST-1 works as the probe for the ultra oxygen anion generation, and product uric acid works as xanthine oxidase activity indicator. By using SpectraMax M5 continuous spectrum enzyme sign reflectoscope reflector, the changes of these indicators' concentration were observed and the influence factors of this reaction system to establish the high throughput screening model were studied. And the model is confirmed by positive drugs. In the reaction system, the final volume of reaction system is 50 μL and the concentrations of xanthine oxidase is 4 mU x mL(-1), xanthine 250 μmol x L(-1) and WST-1 100 μmol x L(-1), separately. The Z'-factor of model for xanthine oxidase inhibitors is 0.537 4, S/N is 47.519 9; the Z'-factor of model for superoxide anion scavengers is 0.507 4, S/N is 5.388 9. This model for xanthine oxidase inhibitors and superoxide anion scavengers has more common characteristics of the good stability, the fewer reagent types and quantity, the good repeatability, and so on. And it can be widely applied in high-throughput screening research.
Enzyme Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Free Radical Scavengers ; pharmacology ; High-Throughput Screening Assays ; Superoxides ; Uric Acid ; Xanthine ; Xanthine Oxidase ; antagonists & inhibitors

Animals ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor ; metabolism ; Hypothalamus ; metabolism ; Male ; Physical Conditioning, Animal ; physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Salvianolic acid A (Sal A) is one of the most effective compounds isolated from the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza. Up to now, several studies regarding the pharmacokinetic profiles of Sal A have been reported, however there is no such study reported in monkeys, the species which is more similar to human. The aim of this study is to develop a LC-MS method for the determination of Sal A in monkey plasma and apply it to the pharmacokinetic studies of monkeys. After single intravenous administration of Sal A, the plasma concentration-time curves were observed and the main pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. The plasma concentration at 2 min (C2 (min)) values were (28.343 ± 6.426), (45.679 ± 12.301) and (113.293 ± 24.360) mg x L(-1) for Rhesus monkeys treated with Sal A at 2.5, 5 and 10 mg x kg(-1). The area under the concentration-time curve (AUC(0-∞)) values were (3.316 ± 0.871), (5.754 ± 2.150) and (13.761 ± 2.825) μg x L(-1) x h, respectively. Furthermore, this method was improved and applied to the simultaneous determination of Sal A, Sal B and Sal C, which provided useful information for preclinical studies and clinical trials of Sal A, Sal B and Sal C.
Administration, Intravenous ; Animals ; Caffeic Acids ; pharmacokinetics ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacokinetics ; Lactates ; pharmacokinetics ; Macaca mulatta ; Mass Spectrometry ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; chemistry

To control the quality of Humulus scandens, the quality standard was established in this study. According to the method recorded in the Appendix of Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2010 Edition) , the water and ash inspections were carried out. The component luteoloside and cosmosiin in Humulus scandens were identified and assayed by TLC and HPLC. The results showed a strong characteristics microscopic of Humulus scandens, and trichoromethane-methanol-formic acid (10: 3: 0. 3) as the mobile phase of TLC, the spots at 365 nm with a UV lamp was clear. The 16 batches of samples were analyzed by HPLC with a gradient elution of acetonitrile and phosphate solution (0.2%) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL · min(-1) and detected at 350 nm. The content of luteoloside was 0.015%- 0.651% (average 0.148%); the content of cosmosiin was 0.003%-0.118% (average 0.036%). The linear calibration curve of luteoloside and cosmosiin was acquired in the ranges of 0.011-0.364 g · L(-1) (r = 1.000 0) and 0.003-0.096 g · L(-1) (r = 1.000 0), respectively. The average recovery was 100.5% and 98.5%, respectively. The methods are convenient and reliable, which can be ap- plied for quality assessment of Humulus scandens.
China ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; standards ; Humulus ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry ; Quality Control