Chinese meteria medica (CMM) chain is a long-span chain covering agriculture which mainly depends on the forces of nature as well as high-tech CMM industry, CMM expertise industry and fast developing CMM circulation industry. Imbalance among the development of these industries produces bottlenecks and hinders the operation of the entire production chain. After analyzing the structure of Chinese meteria medica industrial chain from the perspective of national economy industry, three industry classifications and differentiation of factor intensity, we conclude that the complex structure of CMM industry chain is attributable to these three aspects. And the complexity is mainly shown at complex industry, varied product types, different coordination of various industrial sections and different technical growth speed of varied industry. We propose that structural complexity is the natural property of the chain, which is the main reason of industry sector development imbalance and bottleneck. Results of this research could provide theoretical analysis for future research on the coordination of industrial chain and the efficiency of resource allocation.
China ; Drug Industry ; economics ; standards ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; economics ; standards ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry

Objective To establish the quality standard of Alatan Wuwei Pill. Methods Chebulae Fructus and Granatii Fructus were identified by TLC. Gallic acid and ellagic acid in Gardeniae Fructus and Granatii Fructus were determined by HPLC. Results The TLC spots developed were clear. Gallic acid showed good linear relationship in the range of 0.058 72-1.056 96 mg (r=1.000 0), the average recovery was 99.15%(RSD=1.3%). Ellagic acid showed good linear relationship in the range of 0.079 64-1.194 6 mg (r=1.000 0), the average recovery was 100.02% (RSD=2.3%). Conclusion The method is simple and reproducible. It can be used to control the quality of Alatan Wuwei Pill.

Objective To study the clinical outcome of breast conserving treatment of breast ductal carcinoma in situ(DCIS).Methods The data of 62 patients with pathologically proven DCIS who underwent breast conserving operation and adjuvant radiotherapy were retrospectively compared with 62 concurrent cases of stageⅠ or Ⅱ infiltrating ducatl carcinoma who received breast conserving operation and adjuvant readotherapy.Results The recurrence rate in DCIS cases was 6.4%(4/62),among them,3 cases belonged to comedo type;the recurrence rate in early infiltrating type of ductal breast carcinoma was 19.3%(11/62)(P

Circulation of traditional Chinese medicinal materials, as the vital part of the TCM industrial chain, plays an important role in the connection of agriculture link and industry link of traditional Chinese medicinal materials, which has influence on the healthy development of the whole TCM industrial chain. Because circulation activities mainly include exchange and storage activities instead of manufacturing real products, they are much more difficult to be managed compared with producing activity. This would lead to problems in circulation of traditional Chinese medicinal materials, and impose negative effects on TCM industry. Based on scale economy theory, information asymmetry theory and cobweb model theory, this article analyzed the problems in circulation of traditional Chinese medicinal materials, discussed the deep reasons behind these problems, and proposed relevant suggestions for optimization.

Objective To investigate the accuracy of computer-assisted interpretation(CAI)in the diagnosis of pediatric critical arrhythmia,and to establish Logistic regression model to evaluate the main risk factors of CAI error.Methods 1147 cases of arrhythmia patients were divided into heart disease(HD)and nonheart disease group(NHD).Candidate risk factors were chosen,from which the vailables statistically significant were entered for logistic regression analysis.Results CAI error rate of HD group and NHD group were 24.9%and 11.4%,showing a significant difference(P＜0.05).Age,underlying diseases,the number of CAI diagnosis entries were the risk factors.Conclusion CAI error pattern was different among HD group and the NHD group.Higher awareness for CAI error risk factors and CAI technology improvement are critical for a lower CAI error rate.

Objective:To observe the effects of soybean isoflavones(SI) on uteri and uterine Er?,ER? expression in perimenopausal rats. Method:Female SD rats in age of 7-month-old were used as control and 11-month-old SD rats were divided into 5 groups,model group,diethylstilbestrol group and 3 test groups exposed to three doses of SI(ig:30,12,4.6 mg/kg?d) respectively for 35 d. Serum concentrations of estradiol(E2) ,testosterone(T) ,follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH) and luteinizing hormone(LH) were determined. Ultrastructure of uterine luminal surface was observed by scanning electron microscopy and hematoxylin-eosin staining. Expression of ER? and ER? in the uteri were determined by immunohistochemistry. Results:Low dose SI significantly increased serum E2(P

Acupuncture Therapy ; Endophthalmitis ; etiology ; therapy ; Facial Paralysis ; complications ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

Objective To study the risk factors of MRI for the prediction of collapse in patients with avascular necrosis of the femoral head.Methods Twenty-two patients (39 hips) diagnosed avascular necrosis of femoral head by MR were enrolled in our study.The following MR appearances were evaluated:bone marrow edema,joint fluids,signal intensity and location of the lesion.The volume and surface area of the necrosis zone were calculated.The time of follow-up was 18-84 months (median,25 months).Logistic regression analysis was used to predict the risk factors by SPSS 13.0.The maximum value of Youden index was selected as the critical point to predict the collapse of femoral head and to define the sensitivity,specificity and accuracy.Results In the 39 hips with femoral head necrosis,21 hips had collapse.Bilateral collapse occurred in 5 cases.In 25 hips with the necrosis surface larger than 25％,collapse occurred in 21 (84％); In 8 hips with the volume of femoral head necrosis larger than 30％,collapse occurred in all cases; 1n 33 hips with the necrosis locating at the superolateral quadrant,collapse occurred in 21 (63.6％); In 22 hips with necrotic areas showing heterogeneous signal intensity,collapse occurred in 18(81.8％) ;In 25 hips with large amount of joint effusion,collapse occurred in 16 (64％) ;in 18 hips with bone marrow edema,collapse occurred in 13 (65％).Joint fluid,heterogeneous signal intensity and lesions in the superolateral quadrant,volume ratio,and area ratio were the high risk factors,while bone marrow edema was a relatively low risk factor.The area under ROC curves for area ratio of NASA was greater than that for volume ratio (0.987 vs 0.902).When the critical value for area ratio was 26.7％,the true positive rate was 95.2％,true negative rate was 94.4％,and Youden's index was 0.896.Conclusions The collapse of necrosis of femoral head may result from many factors.The femoral head was easy to collapse when it had large enough area of necrosis and mixed signal intensity,a large amount of joint effusion,bone marrow edema,and superolateral quadrant location.The critical value for area ratio to predict the collapse of femoral head was about 26.7％.The area ratio is more accurate than volume ratio in predicting the collapse of necrosis of femoral head.

Objective To explore the 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase( MTHFR) and 5-methyltet-rahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase reductase( MTRR) gene polymorphisms among the Han women in Laiwu City.Methods A total of 559 Han women were recruited.And their oral epithelial cells were collected to extract genome DNA in order to detect gene polymorphisms of MTHFR and MTRR using fluorescence quantitative PCR.Then the results were compared with those in other cities in China.Results The frequency of MTHFR 677CC,677CT and 677TT of Han women in Laiwu city was 14.3%,46.7%and 38.1%,respectively.The frequency of MTHFR 677TT among Laiwu women was significantly different to those of Zhenjiang, Wuhan, Kunming, Deyang, Huizhou, Qionghai (P<0.05).The frequency of AA,AC,CC gene type on MTHFR A1298C was 78.2%,19.7% and 2.1%,respec-tively, the frequency was significantly different to those of Zhenjiang, Wuhan, Kunming, Deyang, Huizhou, Qionghai (P<0.05).The frequency of AA,AG,GG gene type on MTRR A66G was 53.3%,38.8%and 7.9%,respectively. The frequency of MTRR 66GG was significantly different to that of Qionghai(P<0.05).Conclusion The MTHFR, MTRR polymorphism distribution of Han women in Laiwu City has the characteristic of region specificity,respectively.

Objective To observe and analyze the CT and MR imaging of the structures in the region of the jugular foramen (JF) on the base of thin-slice anatomic study. Methods Having been scanned by multislice CT and 1.5T MR scanner, two formalin-preserved adult cadavers were dissected into 1.0 mm thickness contiguous sections in transverse plane. Twenty cases without skull base and nasopharyngeal history received routine and post-contrast CT examinations with spiral and HQ mode. Twenty healthy volunteers received MR scanning, including SE T 1WI, FSE T 2WI, and 3D RF-FAST (3D Radio-Frequency Fourier Acquired Steady-State) sequences. Results JF region was divided into three levels, which included inner aperture, the jugular cavity, and the outer aperture. At the entrance of JF, there were glossopharyngeal canal and vagal canal, which wrapped the Ⅸ nerve and Ⅹ and Ⅺ nerves, respectively. CT images could display these canals in 20 cases (100%). Furthermore, the Ⅸ, Ⅹ, and Ⅺ nerves could be identified on different MR sequences. 17 cases (85%) were displayed on 3D RF-FAST, 14 cases (70%) on SE T 1WI, and 10 cases (50%) on FSE T 2WI, respectively. From the anterior to the posterior compartment within the JF cavity, the structures ranged as follows: the Ⅸ nerve, the inferior petrosal sinus, the Ⅹ and Ⅺ nerves, and the jugular bulb. These neuro-vessel structures could not be distinguished on CT, SE T 1WI, and FSE T 2WI images, except for 3D RF-FAST (16 cases, 80%). The outer aperture of JF was adjacent to the hypoglossal canal. The shape of JF outer aperture could be evaluated on CT images. On the oblique plane, which was parallel to the hypoglossal canal, the posterior cranial nerves could be detected to enter/exit the skull through the JF and hypoglossal canal separately. Conclusion The complement of CT and MR imaging would be helpful to distinguish the structures in the region of JF.