Objective To study the associated factors of hospitalization delay in stroke patients. Methods Verified questionnaires were used to investigate all of the 179 stroke patients. The patients were divided into two groups according to prehospital time within or after 6 h. The associated factors of hospitalization delay were analyzed. Results The average prehospital time among 179 patients was (26.2±0.1) h, the median time was 7.5 h. There were significant differences in previous cardiac disease, distance between stroke onset site to hospital, convulsion or disorders of consciousness onset, first visit in emergency room directly or not, arriving at hospital by ambulance or not, time on ambulance between stroke onset site to hospital, time on route to hospital between the two groups (P < 0.05). Logistic regression showed the following factors were related to hospitalization delay: long distance between the site where stroke onset occurred and hospital, long time in out-patient room. Conclusions The phenomena of hospitalization delay is especially eommon and there is a low treatment rate of thrombolysis therapy in iscbemie stroke. The main reason of hospitalization delay lies in ignorance of relevant risk factors, clinical symptoms of stroke and using emergence system sufficiently.

Objective To explore the pathogenic bacteria and immunologic mechanism of recurrent respiratory tract infection(RRI) in children.Methods The observation group included 50 children with RRI,26 cases were boys and 24 cases were girls, in Department of Respiratory Medicine of Wuhan Children′s Hospital were enrolled from Apr.2007 to Apr.2008.These children were divided into 3 subset groups:28 cases in 6 months-2 years old group,15 cases in 3-5 years old group,and 7 cases in 6-12 years old group.The healthy control group included 50 healthy children aged 6 months -12 years.The specimens were gathered on the next morning after the children entered hospital.The secretions of noses and pharynxes were gathered with clean and aseptic tampon from children with upper respiratory tract infection and placed in aseptic vessel,and were immediately detected with the pathogenic bacteria.The secretions of lower respiratory tract were gathered with suction method from children with lower respiratory tract infection and placed in aseptic vessel, and were immediately detected with the pathogenic bacteria,the number of superinfection with some kind of pathogenic bacteria was calculated.The children in observation group and healthy control group were exsanguinated of vein when the children were hungry to detect the cellular immunity(CD3+,CD4+,CD8+,CD4+/CD8+) and humoral immunity(IgA,IgM,IgG,C3,C4).Results Three hundred and two specimens in 6 months-2 years old group were detected,and 135 pathogenic bacteria were separated,the ratio of positive was 42.2%,and the number of superinfection was 25.One hundred and thirty-seven specimens in 3-5 years old group were detected,and 47 pathogenic bacteria were separated,the ratio of positive was 34.3%,and the number of superinfection was 7.Fifty-four specimens in 6-12 years old group were detected,and 16 pathogenic bacteria were separated,the ratio of positive was 29.6%,and the number of superinfection was 2.The top 5 kinds of bacteria that those children with RRI were easily infected were Ps.aeruginosa,K.pneumoniae,S.aurens,E.coli and streptococcus pneumoniae.The CD3+,CD8+ and CD4+/CD8+ of cellular immunity in the observation group were obviously lower than those in the healthy control group(Pa

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of the high-flux dialysis on maintaining hemodialysis patients. Methods60 hemodialysis patients were randomly divided into the ordinary PMMA membrane dialyzer group,the ordinary polysulfone membrane dialyzer group and the high-flux dialyzer group with 20 patients in each group.Before and after the single hemodialysis,the removing effect of serum β2- microglobulin (β2-MG)in the 3 kinds of dialyzer,and cholesterol,triglyceride,low density lipoprotein changes after 6 months were compared. ResultsThe ordinary PMMA membrane dialyzer group and high-flux dialyzer group can reduce the concentration of β2-MG,while the high-flux dialyzer group showed more significant effect.On the aspect of lipid metabolism,in the high-flux dialyzer group,serum total cholesterol,triglycerides and LDL levels decreased significantly,while the ordinary dialysis group had no significant change. ConclusionsThe high-flux dialysis can improve the dialysis efficiency,life quality and reduce the complications of patients.

Objective:To prepare compound mupirocin film forming gel and establish the quality control methods. Methods:The compound film forming gel was prepared using tannic acid and salicylic acid as the esterifying agents interacting with hydroxypropyl cel-lulose followed by cross-linking with tartaric acid and sorbitol to form a new film forming material, and then antimicrobial mupirocin and anesthetic dyclonine were added to prepare compound mupirocin film forming gel. The contents of mupirocin and dyclonine were deter-mined by HPLC. The column was Hypersil ODS2 (250 mm × 4. 6 mm, 5 μm) and the mobile phase consisted of methanol-ammonium acetate buffer (1. 15 g ammonium acetate, 300 ml water, 1 ml glacial acetic acid) (75 :25). The flow rate was 1. 0 ml·min-1 and the detection wavelength was 230 nm. The column temperature was 30℃ and the injection volume was 20μl. Results:The film form-ing gel was yellow, brown and gelatinous at the normal temperature, and formed transparent film after coating on the skin. The linear range of mupirocin and dyclonine was 20-400μg﹒ml-1(r=0. 9999) and 10-200μg﹒ml-1(r=0. 9996), respectively. The aver-age recovery was 99.9%(RSD=0.54%, n=9) and 99.6%(RSD =1.45%, n =9), respectively. Conclusion: The preparation process is reasonable, simple and controllable in the preparation of ideal film forming gel.

Objective: To observe the rheological properties of octoxynol-9 vaginal thermosensitive in situ gel [(O-9)-VTG] for predicting the gelation behavior in vivo, and evaluate the retention ability in vagina.Methods: The rheological parameters of (O-9)-VTG and (O-9)-VTG diluted by stimulant vaginal fluid (SVF) were measured by a Haake Rheomix to characterize the rheological properties.The vaginal samples after the administration of self-made (O-9)-VTG and O-9 gel were withdrawn, and then the concentration of octoxynol-9 in the samples was determined to evaluate the retention ability.Results: (O-9)-VTG was Newtonian fluid with low viscoelasticity under room temperature and converted to gel at 32.6℃.The formula could still transform into gel at body temperature after diluted by SVF, and resided in the vagina of mice above 8 h.Conclusion: (O-9)-VTG has suitable gelation temperature and rheological properties.Compared with the self-made octoxynol-9 gel, (O-9)-VTG has satisfactory retention in vagina, which meets the requirements for vaginal topical use.

Objective Using Ginaton to treat old patients of vascular hyperkinesia after spontaneous subarachnoid hem- orrhage.Methods 34 patients of spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage were treated by Ginaton.Test the plasma en- dothelin(ET),thromboxanes(TXB2),(PGF)before and after the treatment.Results The patients using Ginaton got significantly lower ET and TXB2 after the treatment ET(52.52?18 048 )ng/L; TXB2(62.95?22.94)ng/L and higher PGF(75.98?20.78)ng/L.Conclusion Using Ginaton is a good way to treat vascular hyperkinesia after spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Objective To investigate the status of cancer pain and the usage of complementary and alternative medicine among gynecological cancer pain patients.Methods Thirty-one patients with cancer pain were investigated with self-designed questionnaire in the Gynecology Department of the First Hospital of Lanzhou University.Results The average score of age was (51.23 ± 11.34) years old,the youngest patient was 23 years old.During the period of cancer,54.84％ (17/31) of the average degree of cancer pain was mild,77.42％ (24/31) of the most severe degree of cancer pain was severe,51.61％ (16/31) of the patients experienced two or more parts of the pain,75.47％ (40/53) of the cancer pain was pelvic pain,72.72％ (24/33) was dull pain.The higher the degree of cancer pain was,the worse the subjective sleep quality was.Merely 25.81％ (8/31) of the patients used complementary and alternative medicine methods to treatment cancer pain,6 cases of them considered that the methods were effective.Conclusions Patients with gynecological cancer became younger and younger,their cancer pain was severe and mostly was pelvic pain and dull pain.Patients' subjective sleep quality was affected by cancer pain.Complementary and alternative methods might mitigate cancer pain but their usage frequency was low,which was anticipated to be more used in clinic.

Objective To investigate the causes and mechanism of preterm birth through analysis of the relationship between histological chorioamnionitis (HCA) in placental tissue and preterm birth.Methods Totally,327 preterm birth cases with report of placental pathologic examination were retrospectively collected from those women who delivered from December 1,2009 to December 1,2012 in Peking University First Hospital.According to the etiology of preterm birth,three groups were assigned:iatrogenic group (n=106),spontaneous contraction group (n=56) and premature rupture of membranes (PROM) group (n=165).According to the gestational age at delivery,three subgroups were further divided:early-preterm group (≥ 28-＜ 32 weeks),mid-preterm group(≥ 32-＜ 34 weeks) and late-preterm group (≥ 34-＜ 37 weeks).HCA was confirmed when ≥ 5 neutrophil infiltration identified on the chorionic plate and amniotic membrane under high power light microscope after HE staining.The relationship between HCA and the different types of preterm birth and the different delivery gestational age were analyzed.Besides,the consistency between clinical chorioamnionitis and HCA was also analyzed.Chi-square test was applied for statistics.Results The incidence of HCA in the spontaneous contraction group was significantly higher than in the iatrogenic group and PROM group [66.1％ (37/56) vs 25.5％ (27/106) and 33.3％ (55/165),x2=25.27 and 18.44,both P ＜ 0.01],but no significant difference was found between the latter two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Among the three subgroups,the early-,midand late-preterm subgroup,the incidence of HCA in the iatrogenic group was 24.0％ (6/25),33.3％ (8/24) and 22.8％ (13/57) (P ＞ 0.05),and 13/17,5/7 and 59.4％ (19/32) in the spontaneous contraction group (P ＞ 0.05).However,significantly higher incidence of HCA was shown in the early-preterm subgroup than in the mid-and late-preterm subgroup [70.0％ (20/29) vs 41.2％ (14/34) and 20.6％ (21/102),X2=4.87 and 24.58,both P ＜ 0.05] in the PROM group.Among the subjects in PROM group,those with the latency ≥ 72 h after the rupture of membranes had a higher incidence of HCA than those with the latency less than 72 h [68.6％ (24/35) vs 23.8％ (31/130),x2=24.82,P ＜ 0.01].For all 327 cases in this study,the incidence of clinical chorioamnionitis was 15.9％ (52/327),among which 31 cases [59.6％ (31/52)] were diagnosed as HCA.Conclusions The occurrence of HCA is closely associated with spontaneous contraction preterm.Some iatrogenic preterm birth might cause HCA.The earlier the preterm birth and the longer the latency after PROM,the higher the incidence of HCA.Differential diagnosis is necessary as the inconsistency between clinical chorioamnionitis and HCA.

Objective To explore the effects of transplantation of endothelial progenitor cells(EPC)from autologous bone marrow for hindlimb ischemia in diabetic rabbit model,and the difference between diabetes and nondiabetes.Methods Rabbits were randomly allocated into three groups for transplantation therapy,PBS control group(n=8,A group),EPC transplantation with diabetes group(n=14,B group),EPC transplantation without diabetes group(n=8,C group).Diabetic rabbit model was established by injecting alloxan,and hindlimb ischemia was induced by complete excision of femoral artery.Diabetic rabbits with hindlimb ischemia were therapied by transplanted ex vivo expanded EPC,and then effects were assessed by capillary density and capillary to muscle fiber ratio,and VEGF in muscle was also determined.Results Capillary density,capillary to muscle fiber ratio,and VEGF in muscle increased significantly in EPC transplantation group with or without diabetes after transplanting 14 days(P

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and compare whole exome sequencing (WES) and targeted panel sequencing in the clinical molecular diagnosis of the Chinese families affected with inherited retinal dystrophies (IRDs). METHODS: The clinical information of 182 probands affected with IRDs was collected, including their family history and the ophthalmic examination results. Blood samples of all probands and their relatives were collected and genomic DNA was extracted by standard protocols. The first 91 cases were subjected to the WES and the other 91 cases were subjected to a specific hereditary eye disease enrichment panel (HEDEP) designed by us. All likely pathogenic and pathogenic variants in the candidate genes were determined by Sanger sequencing and co-segregation analyses were performed in available family members. Copy number variations (CNVs) detected by HEDEP were further validated by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA). As PRGR ORF15 was difficult to capture by next generation sequencing (NGS), all the samples were subjected to Sanger sequencing for this region. All sequence changes identified by NGS were classified according to the American College of Medical Gene-tics and Genomics and the Association for Molecular Pathology (ACMG/AMP) variant interpretation guidelines. In this study, only variants identified as pathogenic or likely pathogenic were included, while those variants of uncertain significance, likely benign or benign were not included. RESULTS: In 91 cases with WES, pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants were determined in 30 cases, obtaining a detection rate of 33.00% (30/91); While in 91 cases with HEDEP sequencing, pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants were determined in 51 cases, achieving the diagnostic rate of 56.04% (51/91), and totally, the diagnostic rate was 44.51%. HEDEP had better sequencing coverage and read depth than WES, therefore HEDEP had higher detection rate. In addition, HEDEP could detect CNVs. In this study, we detected disease-causing variants in 29 distinct IRD-associated genes, USH2A, ABCA4 and RPGR were the three most common disease-causing genes, and the frequency of these genes in Chinese IRDs population was 11.54% (21/182), 6.59% (12/182) and 3.85% (7/182), respectively. We found 43 novel variants and 6 cases carried variants in RPGR ORF15. CONCLUSION NGS in conjunction with Sanger sequencing offers a reliable and effective approach for the genetic diagnosis of IRDs, and after evaluating the pros and cons of the two sequencing methods, we conclude that HEDEP should be used as a first-tier test for IRDs patients, WES can be used as a supplementary molecular diagnostic method due to its merit of detecting novel IRD-associated genes if HEDEP or other methods could not detect disease-causing va-riants in reported genes. In addition, our results enriched the mutational spectra of IRDs genes, and our methods paves the way of genetic counselling, family planning and up-coming gene-based therapies for these families.
DNA Copy Number Variations ; Humans ; Mutation ; Pedigree ; Retinal Dystrophies/genetics* ; Whole Exome Sequencing