Objective To study the qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis of flavonoids and other ingredients in leaves of Lonicera hypoglauca miq,and to optimize the reflux extraction condition for total flavonoids from leaves of lonicera hypoglauca miq. Methods Preliminary test was used for qualitative analysis. UV-spectrophotometry was used to determinate content of total flavonoids. By orthogonal design,the extraction rate of flavonoids was determined in different factors of ethanol reflux extracting. Results Leaves of lonicera hypoglauca miq contained alkaloids and flavonoids.The optimum conditions of ethanol reflux extracting total flavonoids are 12 times 50% ethanol,and refluence for 1.0h at water bath for two times.According to validate experiment,the average total flavonoids content was 16.6% in leaves of lonicera hypoglauca miq,with RSD=1.52%(n=3). Conclusion Flavonoids are in higher level in leaves of Lonicera hypoglauca miq. There are some chemical similarity in leaves of lonicera hypoglauca miq and leaves of flos lonicerae.

Objective: To investigate the chemical constituents from the stems and leaves of Dioscorea opposita. Methods: The compounds were isolated and purified by various column chromatographies, and their structures were identified by physiochemical properties and spectroscopic data. The effects of the compounds on the proliferation of human breast cancer MCF-7 cells and human liver cancer HepG2 cells were investigated. Results: Twenty compounds were isolated from the 50% acetone extract of the stems and leaves of D. opposita, which were identified as 1H-indazole (1), 1H-indole-3-carboxaldehyde (2), 1H-indole-3- carboxylic acid (3), 3-(2-oxopropyl)-3-hydroxy-indolin-2-one (4), thymidine (5), uridine (6), 3-hydroxy-3-(2-oxopropyl)-2,4-(1H,3H)- quinolinedione (7), hematinic acid (8), allantoin (9), 2-ethyl-3-methyl-maleimide-N-β-D-glucopyranoside (10), paulownin (11), (+)-8-hydroxypinoresinol (12), (+)-syringaresinol (13), (-)-dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol (14), (7R,8S)-dihydrodehydro- diconiferyl alcohol-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (15), (2E,6S)-6,7-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-2-octenoic acid (16), (2E,4S)-4-hydroxy-2- nonenoic acid (17), (2E,6S)-6-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-2,7-dienoic acid (18), amarantholidoside IV (19), (9Z,11E)-13-methoxy- 9,11-octadecadienoic acid methyl ester (20), and their effects on proliferation of MCF-7 cells and HepG2 cells were investigated. compounds 1, 4, 8, 11-15, 18, 20 at a dose of 25μmol/L inhibited the proliferation of MCF-7 cells, and compounds 1, 4, 8, 12-14, 18, 20 at a dose of 25 μmol/L inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 cells. Conclusion: Compounds 1, 3-5, 10-12 and 15-20 are isolated from this plant for the first time, compounds 1, 4,8, 11-15, 18, 20 inhibited the the proliferation of MCF-7 and HepG2 cellssignificantly at certain concentration, showing protent antitumor activity.

Objective:To explore the correlation between white matter lesions (WML) at different locations and cognitive function.Methods:The cognitive function of 68 patients with WML in Beijing Electric Power Hospital from January 2019 to May 2020 were assessed with Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA), and the extent of WML were assessed with age-related white matter changes rating scale(ARWMCRs). Correlation between the ARWMCRs scores of different locations and the scores of all locations and the scores of cognitive function, as well as the relationship between the ARWMCRs scores of different locations and each subitem of cognitive function were analyzed.Results:In 68 patients with WML, the degree of lesions in different parts from heavy to light was frontal area, parietooccipital area, basal ganglia area and temporal area, and no white matter lesions were found in infratentorial area. Except the basal ganglia region, the ARWMCRs scores in other regions and the total score were negatively correlated with MoCA score, among which, the ARWMCRs score in left frontal area, right frontal area, left parietal pillow and right parietal pillow region had the strongest correlation with MoCA score( rs=- 0.388, - 0.479, -0.418, -0.502, all P<0.01).In WML patients, the left frontal area was negatively correlated with language, abstraction and orientation ( rs=- 0.479, - 0.324, - 0.288, all P<0.01).The ARWMCRs score in right frontal area was negatively correlated with visual spatial and executive function, memory, language, abstraction, and orientation ( rs=- 0.324, -0.272, -0.459, -0.382, -0.352, all P<0.05). The ARWMCRs score in left parietal occipital region was negatively correlated with visual spatial and executive function and memory ( rs =-0.287、- 0.270, all P<0.05). The ARWMCRs score in right parietal occipital region was negatively correlated with memory, language, abstraction and orientation ( rs=-0.366, -0.289, -0.260, - 0.307, all P<0.05).The ARWMCRs score in left temporal region was negatively correlated with language, abstraction and orientation ( rs=- 0.248, -0.372, - 0.608, all P<0.05).The ARWMCRs score in right temporal region was negatively correlated with abstraction and orientation ( rs=- 0.525, -0.465, all P<0.01).The ARWMCRs score in right basal ganglia was negatively correlated with orientation and memory ( rs=- 0.455, - 0.275, all P<0.01), while The ARWMCRs score in left basal ganglia was not correlated with MoCA subitems. Conclusions:The frontal area and parietal occipital area are the most serious lesions in WML patients, and the lesions in these two areas also cause the widest range of cognitive impairment.

Objective: To study the pharmacokinetics of diclofenac sodium microemulsions in human. Methods: According to the crossover design, each volunteer was orally given diclofenac sodium microemulsion and diclofenac sodium tablet. The serum concentrations were determined by RP-HPLC with UV-detector. The concentration-time data were analyzed using 3P87 Pharmacokinetic Program and the pharmacokinetics parameters were compared by paired t-test. Results: It was found that diclofenac sodium in serum was linear within the range of 50-8 000 μg/L. The minimum detection concentration was 30 μg/L. The mean rate of recovery was (100.55±1.56)%. After a single oral dose, AUC0～∞ were 5.563，7.891 μg*h/ml, MRT 5.489， 5.387 h for dispersible diclofenac sodium microemulsion and tablet respectively. Conclusion: Absorption progress of diclofenac sodium microemulsion in human may be special.

The authors designed to separate, purify and determine the monosaccharide composition of the polysaccharide from Cordyceps militaris, and study its effect on reverse cholesterol transport in vivo by isotope tracing assay. Polysaccharides were separate and purify by ion exchange column Q-sepharose Fast Flow and size exclusion column Sephacryl S200HR; the molecular weight and monosaccharide composition of the polysaccharides were determined by high performance gel permeation chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography coming with pre-column derivation, respectively. Finally, three purified polysaccharides CMBW1, CMBW2 and CMYW1 were obtained, their total carbohydrate contents were 87%, 89%, 95%, respectively; their protein contents were 6.5%, 1.3%, 2.8%, respectively; their molecular weights were 772.1, 20.9, 13.2 kDa, respectively; CMBW1 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 7.25: 0.17: 1.29: 0.23: 6.30: 11.08: 0.79; CMBW2 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, galactose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 2.40: 0.16: 2.92: 0.24; CMYW1 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, glucuronic acid and glucose with a molar ratio of 0.59: 0.57: 0.45: 25.61. Polysaccharide at 50 mg x kg(-1) could significantly improve the transport of 3H- cholesterol to blood and excretion from feces. All of the three purified polysaccharides CMBW1, CMBW2 and CMYW1 were heteropolysaccharide; and they could improve reverse cholesterol transport in vivo, the underlying mechanisms are being studied.
Animals ; Biological Transport ; drug effects ; Cholesterol ; metabolism ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; instrumentation ; methods ; Cordyceps ; chemistry ; Mice ; Monosaccharides ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Polysaccharides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Tritium

Objective To investigate the changes in endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) number in peripheral blood of patients with acute cerebral infarction and after Naoxintong treatment.Methods Sixty patients were selected as subject and randomly divided into aspirin group and aspirin (30 patients) + Naoxintong group (30 patients).Meanwhile 30 patients without cerebral infarction were served as control group The number of peripheral blood EPCs were detected by flow cytometry at different time point.NIH-NINDS stroke score was used to elevate the neurological function.Results Compared with the control group,number of peripheral blood EPCs significantly decreased in the early stage of acute cerebral infarction (P ＜ 0.05),and then gradually increased until 7th day,which was back to the normal level.There was a positive correlation between improvement of NIHSS and number of peripheral blood EPCs in acute cerebral infarction.Compared with aspirin group,the number of peripheral blood EPCs in Naoxintong group increased sigrificanfly [41.40 ±0.18/million cells vs 41.40 ±0.18/million cells] at 14th day in patients treated with aspirin and Naoxintong.Conclusion The number of peripheral blood EPCs showed a U shape dynamic change in acute cerebral infarctior.Increase the number of peripheral blood EPCs might improve prognosis in patients with acute cerebral infarction.On the basis of routine treatment of aspirin,Naoxintong plus aspirin treatment might improve the number of peripheral blood EPCs in acute cerebral infarction.

Through retrospective analysis of the clinical and laboratory data of 1 466 inpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),we investigated the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and analyzed the risk factors.The prevalence of CKD in hospitalized patients with T2DM was 52.25％.In the patients with CKD,protein urine was present in 93.47％ of the cases,27.93％ of them had glomerular filtration rate(eGFR) ≤60 ml · min-1 · 1.73 m-2,damage of renal tubular function was present in 24.28％,and abnormal renal imaging in 14.88％.Logistic regression showed that age,body mass index(BMI),duration of diabetes,systolic blood pressure,serum uric acid,low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C),and smoking were independently associated with patients of T2 DM and CKD.The prevalence of CKD was increased with aging,diabetic course,BMI,and LDL-C.CKD is a common chronic complication in patients with T2DM,especially in patients with prolonged course,advanced age,and obesity.Much attention should be paid to early detection of CKD in patients with diabetes.In addition to detecting urinary protein and eGFR,renal tubular function and morphological examination should also be included.

Objective To investigate association between human leukocyte antigen DQB1 (HLADQB1 ) gene polymorphisms and bronchial asthma among Mongolian and Han nationalities. Methods Sequence-specific primer polymerase chain reaction (PCR-SSP) was used to detect frequencies of HLA DQB1 genotypes and alleles in 50 cases of Han and 68 Mongolian asthmatic patients, and 50 Han and 54 Mongolian healthy controls, respectively. Difference in gene frequencies between the two nationalities was estimated by odds ratio (OR) and chi-square test. Results Frequency of the HLA-DQB1 0602 allele was significantly higher in Han patients with bronchial asthma than that in healthy Han nationality (OR = 6.163,P ＜0.01 ). Frequency of the HLA-DQB1 0603/0608 allele decreased in Mongolian asthmatic patients, as compared to that in healthy Mongolians ( OR = 0.199, P ＜ 0.05 ). Frequency of the HLA-DQB1 0301/4 allele was significantly higher in Mongolian asthmatic patients as compared to that in healthy Mongolians ( OR =2.074,P ＜0.05). Frequency of the HLA-DQB1 0301/4 allele was significantly higher in Mongolian than that in Han asthmatic patients ( OR = 2.482 ,P =0.05). Frequency of the HLA- DQB1 0602 allele was significantly higher in healthy Mongolians than that in healthy Han nationality ( OR = 3.341, P ＜ 0.05 ), in contrast, frequency of the HLA-DQB1 0402 allele was significantly lower in healthy Mongolians than that in healthy Han nationality ( OR = 0.209, P ＜ 0.05 ). Conclusions The HLA-DQB1 0603/0608 allele is possibly a protective gene and the HLA-DQB1 0301/4 allele a susceptible gene for bronchial asthma in Mongolians, and the HLA-DQB1 0602 allele is possibly a susceptible gene for bronchial asthma in Han nationlity.

Objective:To compare two flexible embryo catheters and determine whether clinical out-come differs in the in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET)cycles.Methods:This prospective control study was conducted by one doctor between July 2012 and November 2013.In the study,2 064 patients undergoing fresh embryo transfer by using IVF-ET/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)-ET in Reproductive Medical Center of Peking University Third Hospital were recruited.The subjects were di-vided into two groups.Cook Sydney IVF embryo transfer catheters (product model:K-JETS-7019-SIVF) were used for embryo transfer in group 1 (n =949),and FrydmanCCD catheters (product model:131230301)were used in group 2 (n =1 115).Pregnancy outcomes were compared between these two groups.Results:There was no significant difference in age,diagnosis for infertility and stimulation proto-col used between the two groups.In addition,there was no difference in the number of oocytes collected and in the number and score of embryos transferred.The significantly higher implantation rate,clinical pregnancy rate,and live birth rate (34.40% vs.26.92%,51.21% vs.41.52%,42.57% vs. 33.09%,P <0.05)were observed in group 1 compared with group 2.The abortion rate was not signifi-cantly different between the two groups (11.93% vs.15.98%,P >0.05).The proportion of difficult transfer was higher in group 1 than that in group 2 (5.27% vs.3.41%,P <0.05 ).There was no difference in the clinical pregnancy rate and live birth rate between the two difficult transfer cycles.Con-clusion:The type of embryo transfer catheter affects the clinical outcome in IVF.Good clinical outcome can be obtained by using Cook Sydney IVF catheter,which is worthy of clinical promotion.

OBJECTIVETo isolate and elucidate the constituents from the roots of Commercial Ginseng.

METHODColumn chromatography and HPLC were used to isolate chemical constituents. Physico-chemical characters and spectr-oscopic analysis were employed for structural identification.

RESULTSixteen compounds were identified as: notoginsenoside-R2(1), ginsenoside-Rg2(2), 20 (R)-Rg2 (3), ginsenoside-Rg1 (4), -Rf(5), -Re(6), -Rd(7), -Rc(8), -Rb1(9), -Rb2(10), -Rb3(11), -Ra3(12), -Ra2(13), -Ra1 (14), notoginsenoside-R4(15) and ginsenoside -Ro(16).

CONCLUSIONCompound 1 was obtained from the plant for the first time.