Objective To study the application of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA),carbohydrate antigens19-9 (CA19-9) and carbohydrate antigens72-4 (CA72-4) in the diagnosis of gastric cancer.Methods A total of 78 patients with gastric cancer underwent treatment in our hospital from August,2007 to June,2011 were enrolled as the case group.A total of 78 patients with benign gastric diseases and 78 healthy residents of the same period and district were randomly selected as the benign group and healthy control group,respectively.Measurements of serum CA72-4,CA19-9,CEA of all the cases and control group were performed.And the measurements of the three groups were statistically compared.Results The Serum concentration of CA72-4,CA19-9,CEA were significantly higher than the other two groups [CEA:(27.56 ± 18.36) μg/L vs (2.44 ±0.97) μg/L vs (2.37 ± 1.25) μg/L,F =145.346,P ＜0.0001 ; CA19-9:(99.87 ±80.53) kU/L vs (18.21 ±10.36) kU/Lvs (17.48 ±9.66) kU/L,F=78.503,P＜0.0001; CA72-4:(56.13 ±39.26)kU/L vs (5.77 ±2.95) kU/L vs (3.62 ±2.18) kU/L,F =133.892,P ＜0.0001].And the positive rate of the gastric cancer group were significantly higher than those of the other two groups [CEA:69.23％,10.26％and 7.69％; CA19-9:57.69％,23.07％ and 20.51％; CA72-4:83.33％,10.26％ and 8.97％].The combination of the 3 measurements obtained the highest accuracy of diagnosis,while for single measurement,CA72-4 had the highest accuracy.Conclusion CEA,CA19-9 and CA72-4 have a significant meaning in the early diagnosis of gastric cancer,which has high sensitivity and specificity.The detection rate of the gastric cancer will be improved if the test of CEA,CA19-9 and CA72-4 are combined.

Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I ; genetics ; Humans ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Transplantation, Homologous

Objective To observe the effects of one kind of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE1) drugs fosinopril (FOS) on transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1)and β1- integrin( Itg-31 ) expression in rat glomerular mesangial cells (GMC)induced by lipopolysacchatide (LPS).Methods We established the cultured glomerular mesangial cells of rat in vitro and passages 3 ～ 10 of cells were used in the experiment after identification.The experiment included the following groups:Control group,LPS induced group (LPS group) and FOS intervened group.According to the different concentrations of FOS,FOS intervened group was divided into high,middle and low dose FOS groups,which were FOS1 group,FOS2 group and FOS3 group respectively.The changes of TGF-β1 protein secretion was detected by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent-assay; The changes of TGF-β1 and Itg-β1 mRNA expression was detected by quantitative real-time RT-PCR.Results (1) TGF-β1protein secretion in rat GMC at 6h,12h,24h three time points:They were 958.55 ± 34.67 ( ng/L),1052.05 ±48.59( ng/L),1166.06 + 35.39 (ng/L) respectively in Control group.They were 1342.12 + 39.87 ( ng/L),1432.31 + 39.33 (ng/L) and 1 537.77 + 43.79 (ng/L) respectively in LPS group,which were higher significantly than those in Control group ( all P ＜ 0.01 ).They were 779.58 ± 48.64 ( ng/L),878.33 ± 29.50 (ng/L) and 962.57 ±31.94( ng/L) in FOS1 group,989.311±73.56(ng/L),1073.29±66.89(ng/L) and 1210.75 ±61.68(ng/L) in FOS2 group,1 253.78 ±45.32( ng/L),1 348.18 ±45.81 (ng/L) and 1450.06 ±46.24( ng/L) in FOS3 group respectively,which were lower significantly in all FOS intervened groups than that in LPS group (all P＜O.01).(2)TGF-β1 mRNA expressions in rat GMC at6h,12h,24h three time points were higher significantly than that in Control group.TGF-β1 mRNA expressions were lower significantly in all FOS intervened groups than that in LPS group.( 3 ) Itg-β1 mRNA expressiones in rat GMC at 6h,12h,24h three time points were higher significantly than that in Control group.Itg-β1 expressions were lower significantly in all FOS intervened groups than that in LPS group.Conclusions LPS can induce the increase of TGF-β1 secretion and mRNA expression.FOS can inhibit the TGF-β1 secrection and mRNA expession in GMC as dose-dependent manner,at the same time down regulated the Itg-β1 mRNA expression iuduced by LPS.All above supply the theoretical evidence for the renal protection of FOS by non-hemodynamics mechanism.

Objective To evaluate clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of anorectal malignant melanoma (ARMM).Methods The clinical data of 15 patients of ARMM in our hospital and 18 patients in the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University from 1990 to 2010 were reviewed.Twenty-five patients underwent curative surgical resection, 14 patients underwent abdominoperineal excision of the rectum (APR), and 11 patients underwent local excision (LE).Survival analysis was carried out.Fisher's exact test and Log-rank test was used to compare the effects of these two different surgical procedures.Results ARMM had a female predominance, the mean age was 22 -77(54.5 ± 7.6) years.The major clinical signs included hematochezia, anus pain.The misdiagnosis rate was 67% (22/33).The average tumor size was (3.5 ±1.7) cm.Thirty-one petients(94% ,31/33) had ARMM within 5 cm from anus margin.Mean survival time was (14.0 ± 6.5)months.The overall 1-,3-,and 5-year survival rates were 48% ,22% , and 10% , respectively.Local recurrence after curative LE was higher than APR (LE,64% vs APR, 21% , P = 0.049) , The overall 3-year disease-specific survival rates after curative LE was not significantly different from that of APR (LE, 28% vs APR ,31%, x2 = 0.268, P = 0.582).Conclusions Anorectal malignant melanoma has a high rate of misdiagnosis.Radical resection could not prolong the survival time significantly in anorectal malignent melanoma patients.

Objective To explore the effect of using pedicle skin flaps for treatment of skin and soft tissue defects.Methods From January 2004 to September 2010,87 patients with skin and soft tissue injury which had been treated by using pedicle skin flaps without vessel anastomosis were retrospectively analyzed,including 61 males and 26 females with an average age of 40 years (range,14-61).The pedicle skin flaps selected were known vessel skin flaps or unknown vessel random skin flaps.The reconstruction treatment increased multiple selections of skin flaps for patients.Skin and soft tissue defects were located at the hand in 21 cases,at the lower extremities in 66.The kinds of skin flaps included adjacent transposition flaps in 50 cases,distal skin flaps in 37.The areas of the skin flaps were 2.0 cm×1.5 cm-18 cm×12 cm.Donor sites were as follows:lower leg in 61 cases,abdomen in 18,and hand in 8.Results Three patients appeared skin flaps hematoma after operation,which were removed immediately with no effect on flaps survival.Pedicle skin flap was compressed due to unstable fixation in 1 case,which made distal flap tissue necrosis approximately 2 cm in width.After dressing change for 6 weeks,the flaps got survival.Thirty seven patients underwent the second stage operation for breaking the perdicle 3 weeks after the first operation.All 87 patients were obtained follow-up for an average of 13 months (range,3-60).The total of 90.80％ patients treated with pedicle skin flaps were satisfied with the results.Conclusion Pedicle skin flap surgery can be performed more easily with less limitations of surgical designs.The survival rate of the flap is high,and the treatment of pedicle skin flaps could be well applied for soft tissue defects.

Objective To observe the effects of berberine on ICAM-1, VCAM-1 expression and inflammatory cells exudation in mice with viral pneumonia caused by influenza virus, and explore its anti-injury effect. Methods Totally 108 BALB/c mice were randomly divided into control group, model group, and berberine group. 25 μL 50 LD50 influenza virus, mouse lung-adapted strain, was intranasally inoculated to model group and berberine group. 1 h after infection, control and model group were intragastrically given 25 μL distilled water, berberine group was treated by intraperitoneal injection with berberine at a dose of 0.005 g/(kg·d) for 5 days, twice per day. On day 2, 4 and 6 after infection, immunocytochemical method was used to detect ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression, and sorting cell count of leukocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were counted. Results The expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in model group increased obviously on day 2, 4, 6, and which in berberine group decreased compared with model group (P<0.01). WBC, mononuclear cell, eosinophile cell and neutrophil cell number in model group increased significantly. WBC and neutrophil cell number decreased in berberine group on day 6 (P<0.01), and the mononuclear cell number decreased on day 4 (P<0.01). Conclusion Berberine inhibited the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, and decreased the inflammatory cells exudation in lung of mice with viral pneumonia caused by influenza virus. Berberine has protective effect on inflammatory injury of lung tissue in mice with viral pneumonia caused by influenza virus.

Objective To explore the possible effect of combined treatment of zoledronic acid and doxorubicin on proliferation,invasion and adhesion of SGC7901 cell line,and potential underlying mechanisms. Methods MTT and Transwell experiments were used respectively to investigate the effect of different concentrations of zoledronic acid and doxorubicin on the proliferation,adhesion and invasion of SGC7901. The mRNA levels of MMP2, TIMP2, MMP9, ICAM1 and CD44 were quantified by real time PCR. Results Gastric cell line SGC-7901 were incubated with zoledronic acid for 48 h in different concentration of 10-6,10-5,10-4,10-3 mol/L,their inhibition rates were 4.98％,12.19％,27.34％ and 73.13％ separately,which were higher than control group (P＜0.01),and enhanced along with the dose increasing and the time extension (P＜0.05).Gastric cell line SGC-7901 was incubated with zoledronic acid 10-4 mol /L and doxorubicin 0.5 mg/L,respectively,or in combination for 2 h,4 h,6 h,and thereafter,the detected adhesion rates were 5.03％,24.38％ and 59.65％ in control group,4.40％,19.77％ and 51.22％ in zoledronic acid group,4.28％, 18.62％ and 51.02％ in doxorubicin group,4.02 ％,15.02％ and 46.95％ in combination group. The adhesion rates were reduced after incubation with different medicament concentration (P＜0.05).In the study of cell invasion,the cell numbers per high power field were:105.11 ± 10.43,98.37 ± 15.75,96.19 ± 9.24,83.02 ± 19.72 after treatment with zoledronic acid,doxorubicin or their combination at different concentrations. Compared with control, signal medicament had weak effectiveness in invasiveness in SGC-7901 (P＞ 0.05),whereas in combination group it was significantly decreased (P＜0.05).Both zoledronic acid and doxorubicin decreased the mRNA expressions of CD44,MMP2,MMP9,ICAM1 while increased TIMP2 mRNA level (P＜0.05or P＜0.01) versus control.The effect was more evident with combination treatment(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01),compared with doxorubicin group. Conclusions Both zoledronic acid and doxorubicin can inhibit the proliferation,adhesion and invasion of SGC7901. Combination treatment has additive effect.It may be related to the down-regulation of mRNA of ICAM1,MMP2,MMP9,CD44 and up-regulation of mRNA of TIMP2.

OBJECTIVETo explore action mechanism of electroacupuncture (EA) at "Fenglong" (ST 40) for treatment of hyperlipidemia.

METHODSForty SPF-grade SD rats were randomly divided into a normal group (group A), a model group (group B), a model diet-control group (group C), a model + EA group (group D) and model diet-control + EA group (group E), 8 cases in each one. The rats in group A were fed with normal diet continuously while those in the rest 4 groups were fed with high-fat diet to establish hyperlipidemia model. Afterwards, the rats in group C and group E were fed with normal diet, while EA at "Fenglong" (ST 40) was applied in group D and group E, 30 min per time, once a day. After 28 days of treatment, macrophage was collected in each group. Oil red O-staining was applied to detect the formation of foam cells, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISE) was adopted to measure the contents of total cholesterol (TC) in macrophage and analyze the rate of cholesterol efflux.

RESULTSThe counts of positive cells of oil red O-staining and the contents of TC in the group B, group C and group D were significantly increased compared with those in the group A (all P < 0.01). The counts of positive cells and contents of TC in the group C, group D and group E were significantly clecreased compared with those in the group B (all P < 0.01), and the decline in group D was more obvious than that in the group C (all P < 0.01). Compared with group C and group D, the counts of positive cells and contents of TC in the group E was obviously decreased (all P < 0.01), which was not statistically different from group A (P > 0.05). In the meantime, compared with group C, the rate of cholesterol efflux in group D and group E was significantly increased (both P < 0.01), and the rise in group E was more obvious than that in the group D.

CONCLUSIONThe electroacupuncture at "Fenglong" (ST 40) could significantly prohibit the transformation of macrophage into foam cell and increase rate of cholesterol efflux in macrophage, which could prevent and reverse the formation of foam cell and play an essential role in treating hyperlipidemia and stopping it from developing into a further level.

Acupuncture Points ; Animals ; Biological Transport ; Cells, Cultured ; Cholesterol ; metabolism ; Electroacupuncture ; Foam Cells ; metabolism ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias ; metabolism ; therapy ; Macrophages ; metabolism ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Membrane proteins are the main undertakers of biofilm function, and also the most important target group for innovative drug discovery and research. About 60% of drugs targets are membrane proteins. Due to the obvious aggregation and denaturation tendency of membrane proteins in aqueous solution, it is difficult to simulate the membrane like environment to maintain the correct conformation of membrane proteins in vitro, which results in the slower-growing research on the structure and function of membrane proteins and related ligand drugs than that of water-soluble proteins. Membrane protein stabilization technology is the premise of establishing high specificity, high sensitivity and high throughput drug screening methods for membrane protein ligands, which is of great significance. In this paper, some techniques for stable separation and purification of membrane proteins are reviewed, including detergents, artificial membranes, polymers, lentiviral particles and so on, as well as their specific applications in drug screening.

Objective: To explore the effects of Cordyceps extract in regulating the imbalance of Th1/Th2 ratio and inhibiting the inflammatory reaction, and to find the theoretical basis of Cordyceps extract for treating asthma in remission stage. Methods: A total of 20 peripheral venous blood samples (3 mL) were collected from 20 asthmatic children during remission stage, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were separated by Ficoll method. PBMCs were separated into three groups (blank group, low-dose group and high-dose group). The PBMCs were incubated in vitro for 48 hours in the absence (blank group) or presence (low-dose group and high-dose group) of Cordyceps extract at different concentrations (10, 20 mug/mL). The expressions of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-10, T-box expressed in T cells (T-bet), GATA-binding protein-3 (GATA-3) and forkhead/winged-helix transcription factor-3 (Foxp3) mRNAs in PBMCs were measured by real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and the contents of IFN-gamma, IL-4 and IL-10 in supernatants were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The expressions of IFN-gamma mRNA showed no significant differences among the three groups. The expressions of the IL-4 mRNA in the high-dose group and the low-dose group were lower than that in the blank group (P=0.014, P=0.011). The expression of IL-10 mRNA in the high-dose group was higher than that in the blank group (P=0.034). And the differences of the IFN-gamma mRNA/IL-4 mRNA ratio presented no statistic significance among the three groups. The level of IL-4 content in the high-dose group was lower than that in the blank group (P=0.018), but the level of IL-10 content, and ratio of IFN-gamma/IL-4 in the high-dose group were higher than those in the blank group (P=0.011, P=0.045). The differences of the IFN-gamma presented no statistic significance among the three groups. The T-bet/GATA-3 ratio and Foxp3 mRNA expression in the high-dose group were higher than those in the blank group (P=0.001, P=0.015). There was significant difference in expression of GATA-3 mRNA between the high-dose group and the blank group (P=0.028), and between the low-dose group and the blank group (P=0.019). The expression differences of T-bet mRNA were insignificant between any two groups. Conclusion: Cordyceps extract can inhibit the proliferation and differentiation of Th2 cells and reduce the expression of related cytokines by down-regulating the expression of GATA-3 mRNA and up-regulating the expression of Foxp3 mRNA in PBMCs. Meanwhile, it can alleviate the chronic allergic inflammation by increasing the content of IL-10.