Cytokines play an important role in the genesis and development of tumor.Antitumor mechanisms of some cytokines are clearly testified.Currently,the main cytokines used in tumor clinical treatments are interferons,interleukins and tumor necrosis factors.For the lack of specificity,there are too many side effects for some patients to continue.So the application range of cytokines in tumor clinical treatment is limited.The most important measures to develop cytokines therapy are improving the stability of curative effect and reducing side effects.

[Summary] The aim of this study was to detect the levels of serum miR-130b expression in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and to analyze their correlation with diabetic renal damage. 243 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were divided into three groups according to urinary albumin/creatinine ratio ( UACR ): normoalbuminuria group (UACR<30 mg/g, n=103), microalbuminuria group (UACR 30-300 mg/g, n=86), and macroalbuminuria group(UACR>300 mg/g, n=54). The levels of serum miR-130b were validated by realtime polymerase chain reaction. Serum transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA) in all patients and 59 healthy volunteers. Compared with control group, the level of serum miR-130b in the type 2 diabetes mellitus group were significantly decreased, gradually with the increases of UACR. The level of serum miR-130b was inversely correlated with blood urea nitrogen ( r=-0. 295, P<0.05), serum creatinine(r=-0. 316, P<0. 05), UACR(r=-0. 463, P<0. 05), but positively related to the estimated glomerular filtration rate(r=0. 367, P<0. 01). The level of serum miR-130b was also negatively correlated to homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, TNF-α, and TGF-β1 (r=-0. 257,-0. 345,-0. 242,-0. 562,-0. 622, all P<0. 01). The present study indicates that serum miR-130b might be a potential new biomarker for early diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy. Serum miR-130b might be involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy.

Background Conventional chemical method to fix the entire eyeball results in the edema of retinal nerve fiber layer and therefore influent the evaluation of tissue structure.Research showed that microwave irradiation can avoid this phenomenon. Objective This study was to investigate the appropriate energy and time duration of microwave irradiation for fixation of rabbit eyes specimen and compare the influence of different fixation methods on retinal structure. Methods Twenty-two New Zealand white rabbits were sacrificed by using venous air embolism.The eyeballs were enucleated from the rabbits and immersed in chemical reagents with glacial acetic acid,methyl aldehyde and chloroform for 2 days as the control group.The eyeballs were immersed in 400 ml physiological balance solution immediately,and then were fixed by microwave irradiation for 80,160,240 and 320 seconds under the lower power as the microwave irradiation groups.In the microwave irradiation+chemical fixation group,the specimens were immersed in chemical reagents for 1-2 hours after the microwave radiation.The morphology of retinal structure was examined and area of retinal detachment was calculated by hemotoxylin and eosin staining under the light microscope. Results A better fixation effect was obtained in the retinal section of microwave radiation for 240 seconds in comparison with that of the traditional chemical reagent fixation method for 2 days.The retina detachment ratio was 16.3%±11.5% for simple microwave method,50.0%±24.5% for chemical method,and 6.7%±7.8% for microwave+chemical method.showing a significant difference among 3 groups(F=32.43,P=0.000).Retinal staining was clear and retinal structure was almost normal in the specimens of microwave+chemical fixation group with 200-240 seeonds microwave irradiation and 1-2 hours chemical fixation. Conclusion Microwave irradiation method is a more ideal way for the fixation of retina because of taking short duration,lower toxicity and better staining.The combination of microwave radiation and chemical reagents can acquire an excellent quality of retinal section.

Background Oscillatory potentials (OPs) of scotopic electroretinogram (ERG) plays an important role in the evaluation of visual function in multiple retinal diseases.However,the origin of OPs is uncompletely clear.It is essential to analyze the time domain and frequency domain components for the further study of OPs.Objective The present study was to investigate the change characteristics of frequency spectrum of scotopic OPs with age and stimulating intensity.Methods RCS-rdy+-p+rats with the ages of 21,25,32,35,37,46,60,90 days were selected iu this study and 3 rats for each.Scotopic flash ERG were recorded from all the rats with RETI-scan system.Gold-foil ring cornea recording electrode was used as the recording electrode and the steel needle electrode was used as the reference and earth electrode during the record.The intensity of stimulating light was set at-20,-10,-5,0 and 5 dB respectively.Data were output into the computer and processed by the software Matlab7.0.Results The principle frequency corresponding to maximum amplitude component was 80-120 Hz in the various ages of rats under the different stimulating conditions above.With the increase of the intensity of stimulating light,high frequency component (200-250 Hz) began to appear and the amplitudes showed a gradually raise upon the intensity of light.The major component was subdivided into two peaks at 0 dB stimulation.Further,the age affected the major frequency peak with the maximum value at 60-day-old rats and the minimum value at 25-day-old rats.Also,the pass-band width of main amplitude appeared to be maximal at 60-day-old rats and minimal at 25-day-old rats.Conclusions OPs in Rcsrdy+-p+ rats are influenced by stimulating intensity and agc.Stimulating intensity affects the amplitude and age lead to the change of distribution of primary frequency of OPs.It is possible to know the influences of the degeneration of rods and be helpful to diagnosis this kind of disease.

Objective To describe the clinical characteristics of a patient with Gitelman syndrome,and to identify the associated SLC12A3 gene mutations.Methods A suspected case of teenager-onset Gitelman syndrome was observed in our hospital.It was further confirmed by clinical manifestations and auxiliary examination.In addition,direct sequencing for the exons of SLC12A3 gene and CLCNKB gene region was conducted to identify the probable disease-associated mutations.Results The case showed characteristics of hypokalemia,hypomagnesemia,and low level of urinary calcium and onset by age of 18.By excluding the possibilities of long-term use of thiazide diuretics,laxatives,chronic vomiting and diarrhea,he was finally diagnosed as a case of Gitelman syndrome.Furthermore,by Sanger direct sequencing,2 coding variations were identified in SLC12A3 gene region,including T304M and L488P.L488P was a new heterozygous mutation.Conclusion Detection of SLC12A3 gene mutation could facilitate the diagnosis of Gitelman syndrome and improve prognosis.

Objective To explore the clinical symptoms and neuroimaging features of a patient with atypical hypomyelinating leukodystrophy with atrophy of the basal ganglia and cerebellum (H-ABC) caused by a novel TUBB4A mutation.Methods We analyzed the clinical data, imaging features and the result of genetic testing of a case diagnosed as atypical H-ABC.Results The initial symptoms were progressive spasticity, mild cerebellar ataxia and mild cognitive impairment.MRI showed regional blurring of slight high signal on T2-weight and FLAIR image in white matter of the bilateral midbrain ventral, internal capsule, posteior horn of lateral ventricle and centrum semiovale, with normal bilateral cerebellar and caudoputamen nucleus.Compared with normal subjects of the same age and gender, hypometabolism was found by 18F-FDG-PET in brainstem, cerebellar and caudoputamen nucleus in the patient.Genetic testing revealed a de novo pathogenic exome missense heterozygous mutations c.70G>A in TUBB4A, which was not reported in the human gene mutation database (HGMDpro) and was assessed to be a pathogenic mutation by pathogenic mutation prediction software.Conclusions The diversity of TUBB4A gene mutations may cause different functional and/or structural impairment in subcortical white matter, cerebellar and caudoputamen nucleus, leading to atypical symptoms and neuroimaging features.Genetic testing for pathogenic mutation in TUBB4A gene is a key for the diagnosis of H-ABC.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; pathology ; Child ; Cysts ; pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Epithelium ; pathology ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Keratin-19 ; metabolism ; Keratin-5 ; metabolism ; Keratin-6 ; metabolism ; Keratin-7 ; metabolism ; Keratins ; metabolism ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; surgery ; Reoperation ; Submandibular Gland ; surgery ; Submandibular Gland Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Transcription Factors ; metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins ; metabolism

Both sides of the picornavirus genome have 5'-untranslated region (5'UTR) and 3'- untranslated region (3'UTR). This study demontrated that both the 5'-and 3'-UTR can form complex structures, such as stem-loop, clover and pseudoknot structure, These structures play an important role in the regulaton of the replication and translation of the viruses. This article reviewed the progress of research on the structure and function of picornavirus' 3'-UTR over recent years.
3' Untranslated Regions ; Animals ; Humans ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Picornaviridae ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism ; Picornaviridae Infections ; virology ; RNA, Viral ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism

Objective To summary the microsurgery clinical experience of 21 patients with cerebellopontine angle tumor by the help of three dimensional individual digital anatomy. And to evaluate the value of three dimensional individual anatomy in the treatment of tumors in cerebellopontine angle. Methods Between January 2011 and November 2011,21 patients with various cerebellopontine angle tumor,managed at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, underwent CTA scan, and reconstruct the local anatomy by 3D view software. According to the individual anatomical model, the microsurgery program by restrosig moid approach was developed. Results All patients had reposition of the bone flap at original site after craniectomy during the same operative setting mentioned above with retrosigmoid approach. No complication was noted.Patients did not have any delayed postcraniectomy pain at operation site.Postoperative computed tomography of the skull showed good healing and shaping of the suboccipital bone at the surgical region. Conclusion With the help of three dimensional individual anatomy, the microsurgery of cerebellopontine angle tumor underwent less postoperative complications.This study provides a safe and effective individualized microsurgical methods by restrosig moid approach.

The severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is a new member in the genus Phlebovirus of the family Bunyaviridae identified in China. The SFTSV is also the causative pathogen of an emerging infectious disease: severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome. Using immunofluorescent staining and confocal microscopy, the intracellular distribution of nucleocapsid protein (NP) in SFTSV-infected THP-1 cells was investigated with serial doses of SFTSV at different times after infection. Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the ultrafine intracellular structure of SFTSV-infected THP-1 cells at different times after infection. SFTSV NP could form intracellular inclusion bodies in infected THP-1 cells. The association between NP-formed inclusion bodies and virus production was analyzed: the size of the inclusion body formed 3 days after infection was correlated with the viral load in supernatants collected 7 days after infection. These findings suggest that the inclusion bodies formed in SFTSV-infected THP-1 cells could be where the SFTSV uses host-cell proteins and intracellular organelles to produce new viral particles.
Cell Line ; China ; Humans ; Inclusion Bodies, Viral ; ultrastructure ; virology ; Macrophages ; ultrastructure ; virology ; Phlebotomus Fever ; virology ; Phlebovirus ; genetics ; physiology ; ultrastructure ; Thrombocytopenia ; virology