Objective To analyze the genetic subtypes of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the prevalence of pretreatment drug resistance in the newly reported HIV-infected men in Guangxi. Methods The stratified random sampling method was employed to select the newly reported HIV-infected men aged≥50 years old in 14 cities of Guangxi from January to June in 2020.The pol gene of HIV-1 was amplified by nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and then sequenced.The mutation sites associated with drug resistance and the degree of drug resistance were then analyzed. Results A total of 615 HIV-infected men were included in the study.The genetic subtypes of CRF01_AE,CRF07_BC,and CRF08_BC accounted for 57.4% (353/615),17.1% (105/615),and 22.4% (138/615),respectively.The mutations associated with the resistance to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI),non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI),and protease inhibitors occurred in 8 (1.3%),18 (2.9%),and 0 patients,respectively.M184V (0.7%) and K103N (1.8%) were the mutations with the highest occurrence rates for the resistance to NRTIs and NNRTIs,respectively.Twenty-two (3.6%) patients were resistant to at least one type of inhibitors.Specifically,4 (0.7%),14 (2.3%),4 (0.7%),and 0 patients were resistant to NRTIs,NNRTIs,both NRTIs and NNRTIs,and protease inhibitors,respectively.The pretreatment resistance to NNRTIs had much higher frequency than that to NRTIs (2.9% vs.1.3%;χ²=3.929,P=0.047).The prevalence of pretreatment resistance to lamivudine,zidovudine,tenofovir,abacavir,rilpivirine,efavirenz,nevirapine,and lopinavir/ritonavir was 0.8%, 0.3%, 0.7%, 1.0%, 1.3%, 2.8%, 2.9%, and 0, respectively. Conclusions CRF01_AE,CRF07_BC,and CRF08_BC are the three major strains of HIV-infected men≥50 years old newly reported in Guangxi,2020,and the pretreatment drug resistance demonstrates low prevalence.
Male ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/therapeutic use* ; HIV Infections/drug therapy* ; Drug Resistance, Viral/genetics* ; China/epidemiology* ; Mutation ; HIV-1/genetics* ; Protease Inhibitors/therapeutic use* ; Genotype

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with inv(16)/t(16;16) (p13.1;q22), and to analyze the risk factors affecting the prognosis of the patients. METHODS: AML patients with inv(16)/t(16;16) (p13.1;q22) and/or CBFβ-MYH11⁺ admitted to the Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from January 1, 2008 to October 30, 2019 were retrospective analyzed, the clinical and laboratory indicators, as well as treatment plans and efficacy evaluations of the patients were all recorded. Furthermore, related factors affecting the overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) of the patients were analyzed. RESULTS: Among 151 AML patients with inv(16)/t(16;16) (p13.1;q22) and/or CBFβ-MYH11⁺, the percentage of additional chromosomal abnormalities was about 27.8%, and the most common additional chromosomal abnormality was +22 (33/151, 21.8%), followed by +8 (11/151, 7.3%). There were 112 patients with perfect NGS examination, and the result showed the most common accompanying gene mutations were KIT mutation (34/112, 30.4%) and FLT3 mutation (23/112, 20.5%). Univariate analysis showed that factors affecting EFS included: NE≤0.5×10⁹/L (P=0.006) and combined K-RAS mutation (P=0.002); Factors affecting OS included: Age≥50 years old (P<0.001) and NE≤0.5×10⁹/L (P=0.016). Multivariate analysis showed that NE≤0.5×10⁹/L (P=0.019) was the risk factors affecting OS. The proportion of bone marrow eosinophilia (BME)≥10.00% (P=0.029) was the risk factors affecting EFS. CONCLUSION The prognosis for those newly diagnosed AML patients who were of advanced age, the high proportion of bone marrow eosinophils, K-RAS mutations, and agranulocytosis is poor. The treatment plans can be adjusted in the early stage to improve the prognosis of such patients.
Chromosome Inversion ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics* ; Middle Aged ; Myosin Heavy Chains/genetics* ; Oncogene Proteins, Fusion ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVE: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have significantly improved the treatment efficacy of a variety of malignant tumors. However, patients may experience a series of special side effects during treatments with ICI. Immune-related myositis after ICI treatment is characterized by autoimmune rheumatic and musculoskeletal damage, which is relatively rare. To analyze the clinical characteristics and outcomes of ICI-associated myositis in urological tumors, we summarized the clinical manifestations, electrophysiological and pathological characteristics, treatments and outcomes in 8 patients. METHODS: The clinical data of the 8 patients with immune-related myositis after ICI treatment for urological tumors treated in the Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital from March 2018 to March 2022 were retrospectively analyzed for demographic characteristics, drug regimen, clinical symptoms, laboratory indices, electromyography examination, pathological manifestations and outcomes. RESULTS: The eight patients included 2 females and 6 males with a median age of 68 years, all treated with ICI for urological neoplasms, including 2 upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC), 3 renal cell carcinoma (RCC), and 3 bladder cancer (BCa). The median time between the first ICI treatment and the detection of immune-related myositis was 39.5 days, and the median duration of treatment was 2 sessions. The main symptoms were muscle pain and weakness, 5 cases with ptosis, 3 cases with secondary rhabdomyolysis, 5 cases with myocarditis, 1 case with myasthenia gravis, and 1 case with enterocolitis. Among them, patients with immune-related myocarditis had a shorter interval from the first anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) therapy to the onset of immune-related myositis (P=0.042) compared with patients without myocarditis. The 8 patients had significant elevation of transaminases and muscle enzyme profile indexes, and 5 patients showed positive auto-antibodies. 3 patients had perfected muscle biopsies and showed typical skeletal muscle inflammatory myopathy-like pathological changes with CD3⁺, CD4⁺, CD8⁺, CD20⁺ lymphocytes and CD68⁺ macrophage infiltration. After the diagnosis of immune-related myositis, all the 8 patients immediately discontinued ICI therapy and improved after intravenous administration of methylprednisolone alone or in combination with gamma-globulin. CONCLUSION Immune-related myositis after ICI treatment is an immune-related adverse reactions (irAEs) with unique clinical and pathological features, commonly combined with cardiovascular adverse reactions. Immediate discontinuation of ICI and initiation of glucocorticoid therapy may improve the patient's condition in a timely manner.
Aged ; Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/adverse effects* ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell ; Female ; Humans ; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/adverse effects* ; Kidney Neoplasms/drug therapy* ; Male ; Myocarditis/drug therapy* ; Myositis/pathology* ; Retrospective Studies ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

Objective To understand the awareness of AIDS related knowledge, high risk behaviors, the infection status of HIV, syphilis and HSV-2, and to explore the associated factors with HSV-2 infection among whoremasters in Kaiyuan City, so as to provide scientific evidence for targeted intervention to prevent and control HIV and other STDs. Methods A self-designed questionnaire survey was conducted among whoremasters recruited through outreach activities and snowball sampling. The blood and urine were also collected for corresponding laboratory examination. Results Among the whoremasters, 98.22% had a high awareness of AIDS related knowledge, 9.33% once used drugs, and 14.67% did not use a condom during the latest commercial sex. 62.22% of the whoremasters ever had non-marital sex partners, and of those who had sex with non-marital sex partners in the past year, 59.55% reported using condoms inconsistently. The total infection rate of HIV/syphilis/HSV-2 was 18.22% and the infection rates of HIV, syphilis and HSV-2 were 3.11%, 1.33% and 16.44%, respectively. The older whoremasters were more likely to have a higher HSV-2 infection rate (AOR=1.044,95%CI:1.016-1.073,P=0.002), and those whoremasters not using a condom during the latest commercial sex were more likely to have a higher HSV-2 infection rate (AOR=3.125,95%CI:1.229-7.945,P=0.017). Conclusions Though whoremasters in Kaiyuan City had a high awareness of AIDS related knowledge, they had high-risk behaviors and relatively high HIV and other STDs infection rates. Targeted interventions are needed to improve the risk awareness of STDs infection to promote consistent condom use in both commercial and non-marital sexual behaviors among whoremasters.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

In the present study, we evaluated the impact of sperm origins and concentration on the clinical outcomes of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles. A total of 1201 ICSI cycles were retrospectively analyzed for male azoospermia or oligozoospermia between January 2015 and December 2015 in the Peking University Third Hospital. Patients were divided into three groups (Group 1 vs Group 2/3; surgically extracted sperm vs ejaculated sperms): Group 1 included 343 ICSI cycles and Group 2 analyzed 388 cycles on semen with sperm concentration <5 × 10⁶ ml^-1 (severe oligozoospermia group). Group 3 included 470 cycles with sperm concentration between 5 × 10⁶ ml^-1 and 15 × 10⁶ ml^-1 (mild oligozoospermia group). Fertilization rates, clinical pregnancy rates, and live birth rates were analyzed and compared among groups of different semen origins and concentrations on the oocyte retrieval day. Group 2 showed a lower fertilization rate than Group 3 (62.9% ± 21.6% vs 66.8% ± 22.1%,P< 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in clinical pregnancy rate per transfer (51.3%, 46.7%, and 50.0%, respectively), live birth rate per transfer (44.4%, 40.9%, and 41.4%, respectively), accumulative live birth rate (58.3%, 51.0%, and 52.1%, respectively), twin birth rate (18.4%, 10.6%, and 12.6%, respectively), and birth defects rate (0, 0.3%, and 0.2%, respectively) among three groups. The results of this study indicated that sperm origins and concentration do not impact the clinical outcomes in ICSI cycles.
Adult ; Azoospermia/diagnosis* ; Birth Rate ; Female ; Humans ; Live Birth ; Male ; Oligospermia/diagnosis* ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Rate ; Retrospective Studies ; Semen Analysis ; Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic/methods*

Objective To retrospectively analyze the characteristics of events of bus on fire in 6 years in the mainland of China.Methods Events of bus on fire happened between January 2009 and December 2014 were retrieved through Baidu search engine,Chinese Journals Full-text Database,and PubMed database in the search strategy with " bus" and " fire" or " arson" as keywords combined with the name of provinces,autonomous regions,and municipalities of the mainland of China.The occurrence time,region,cause of fire,casualties of each event were recorded,and the correlative analysis was conducted.Data were processed with Microsoft Excel software.Results Totally 287 events of bus on fire were retrieved,among which 49 events happened in 2009,36 events happened in 2010,35 events happened in 2011,37 events happened in 2012,and respectively 65 events happened in 2013 and 2014.The events of bus on fire most frequently happened in June and July,respectively 49 and 39 events.Among the distribution of occurrence regions of events of bus on fire,there were 78 events (27.18％) in east China,52 events (18.12％) in northeast China,41 events (14.29％) both in north China and south China.Among the causes of events of bus on fire,spontaneous combustion of bus ranked in the first (267 events,accounting for 93.03％),followed by arson (13 events,accounting for 4.53％).Among the 13 events of bus on fire caused by arson,7 events happened between 16:00 and 20:00,and 3 events happened between 8:00 and 10:00.Totally 27 events of bus on fire (9.41％) were with casualties,among which 13 events (48.15％)were caused by spontaneous combustion of bus,10 events (37.04％) were caused by arson,and 4 events (14.81％) were caused by traffic accidents.Arson caused the most severe casualties (at least 88 deaths and 287 injuries),followed by spontaneous combustion of bus (at least 35 deaths and 140 injuries) and traffic accidents (at least 9 deaths and 20 injuries).Conclusions Events of bus on fire happened more frequently in recent years in the mainland of China,and the frequencies were much higher especially in June and July.Most events were caused by spontaneous combustion of bus,followed by arson.Most of the events of bus on fire caused by arson happened in the morning and evening rush hours of urban traffic,and althouth the occurrence rate was not high,the casualties were most severe.

With the increasingly more serious environmental pollution in China in recent years, effective intervention with PM25-induced health risks has become a major scientific issue to be addressed urgently in medical research field in China. NOD-like receptors (NLRs) are a family of cytoplasmic pattern-recognition receptors that have critical roles in innate immunity. On the basis of study progresses in international cardiovascular disease research "Fine particulate matter exposure is a modifiable risk factor for the morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular diseases", and with reference to the current understanding of pulmonary inflammation and oxidative stress in PM2.5-induced acute coronary syndrome, this study intended to investigate whether intracellular pattern recognition NL-RP3 plays a important role in the inital event of PM2.5 induced vessel inflammation as a foreign matter in the process of plaque destabilization and to thoroughly explore the underlying mechanisms responsible for PM2.5-induced acute cardiovascular events. On the other hand, it also studies the feasibility of using traditional Chinese medicine to treat plaque destabilization cause by PM2.5 exposure and discuss it's pathogenesis and intervention strategy based on TCM theory. This paper in order to provide scientific basis for social focal issues in public health proactively and offers the references for relevant research.
Air Pollutants ; toxicity ; Animals ; Environmental Exposure ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Particulate Matter ; toxicity ; Plaque, Atherosclerotic ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; mortality

This study was purposed to explore the mechanisms of cladribine (2-CdA)-inducing apoptosis of multiple mycloma RPMI 8226 cells. The MTT method was used to determine cell proliferation after being treated with 2-CdA. Apoptosis and cell cycle progression were examined by flow cytometry. Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe ultrastructural changes of RPMI 8226 cells. RT-PCR and Western blot were used to analyze the mRNA and protein expression levels of BCL-2, MCL-2 and caspase-3 respectively. The results showed that the 2-CdA inhibited proliferation of RPMI 8226 cells in time and dose-dependent manner. Typical apoptotic morphological and ultrastructure changes could be observed by electron microscopy. Flow cytometry showed that 2-CdA induced myeloma cell apoptosis and arrested myeloma cells in the G2/M phase. The mRNA expression of BCL-2 and MCL-1 decreased but that of caspase-3 not apparently changed. Western blot results suggested that the change trend of BCL-2 MCL-1 and caspase-3 was the same as result of RT-PCR. It is concluded that 2-CdA exhibits inhibitory effects on RPMI 8226 cells in vitro. Activating the mitochondrial and death receptor pathways of apoptosia may be the potential mechanism, meanwhile, the cell cycle arrest may also play a critical role in apoptosis.
Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Caspase 3 ; Cell Division ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Cladribine ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Multiple Myeloma ; pathology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2

This study was aimed to investigate the effects of mitoxantrone on proliferation and apoptosis of human multiple myeloma cell line RPMI-8226 and its mechanism. The inhibitory rate of RPMI8226 cells proliferation was assayed by MTT, the morphological changes of RPMI-8226 cells were observed by inverted flurescent microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, the apoptosis rate and the cell cycle distribution of RPMI-8226 cells were detected by flow cytometry. The effects of mitoxantrone on the expression of BCL-2, BAX, caspase-3 mRNA were detected by RT-PCR, the BCL-2, BAX, caspase-3 protein expression of RPMI-8226 cells was analyzed by Western blot. The results showed that mitoxantrone could inhibit the proliferation of RPMI-8226 cells in time- and dose-dependent manners. Light microscopy showed that the cell number in mitoxantrone group was significantly less than that in control group and the cell growth arrangement was irregular, apoptotic cells could be seen. Under electron microscope, typical apoptotic morphological and ultrastructural changes could be observed, these results confirmed that the mitoxantrone could induce apoptosis of RPMI-8226 cells, the difference have statistical significance (P < 0.05). The 1.0 µg/ml low concentration of mitoxantrone mainly arrested RPMI-8226 cells in the G2/M phase(P < 0.05), and the 2.0 µg/ml high concentration of mitoxantrone mainly arrested RPMI-8226 cells in the S phase (P < 0.05). The expression of BCL-2 mRNA decreased (P < 0.05),while the expression of BAX, caspase-3 mRNA increased (P < 0.05). Western blot indicated that BCL-2 protein expression also decreased (P < 0.05) and BAX, caspase-3 protein expression increased. It is concluded that the mitoxantrone can inhibit the proliferation of RPMI-8226 cells by inducing cell apoptosis. Activation of the mitochondrial and death receptor pathways of apoptosis may be involved in the mitoxantrone-induced apoptosis, the cell cycle arrest may also play an important role in the apoptosis mechanism.
Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Caspase 3 ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Humans ; Mitoxantrone ; pharmacology ; Multiple Myeloma ; pathology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2