We analyzed retrospectively the result of postoperative RT by electron beam in 314 patients with breast cancer after a radical or modified mastectomy between 1976～1992. The radiation portals covered the supraclavicular, the axillary and the internal mammary lymph node chains and chest wall. D T40～50Gy/4～5w was delivered. The local regional failure and factors affecting the survival rates, such as the clinical stage, the status of axillary lymph nodes and radiation dose were analyzed. The symptomatic radiation pneumonitis (9.4%) was discussed.

Objective: To examine the reliability and validity of MBI-SS and discuss the academic characteristics that affect burnout. Methods: 353 undergraduate students were administrated MBI-SS and Academic Characteristic Survey. Results: Confirmatory factor analyses showed that the expected three-factor structure of the adapted versions of the MBI- Students Survey (including Exhaustion, Cynicism, and Reduced Efficacy) fitted to the data. Exploratory factor analyses showed that the Academic Characteristic Survey includes six dimensions. The result of Regression showed that 44.4% variance of student burnout can be explained by Academic Characteristics. Conclusion: Student burnout includes three dimensions: Exhaustion, Cynicism and Reduced efficacy. Academic self-efficacy,academic stress,relationship with teachers and relationship with fellow students are significant predictors for student burnout.

The information construction and information sharing in Shenzhen public hospitals were investigated with their achievements and problems summarized .Suggestions were put forward for perfecting their information construction, improving their information sharing level, and realizing their regional medical information sharing for the reference in working out their information development program and making health information policies.

ObjectiveTo investigate the children with cerebral palsy (CP) in rehabilitation, their families and need of society support. Methods150 children with CP in rehabilitation participated in this study. A questionnaire was designed to investigate their basic situation, family status, society concern and requirements for society support, which completed by their parents. Results150 questionnaires were completed efficiently. 75 children were firstly treated before 1 year old. The rehabilitation treatments were effective to 130 children. 126 children appeared some disorder in emotion and personality. Home education was the main rehabilitation way in 133 children. The educational background of 59.4% mothers were senior high school or below. The income was less than 60 thousand yuan in 76.7% families, but spent more than 40 thousand yuan per year on treatment in 54.7% families. One or both parents in 119 families were forced to stop working. 93.3% of them suffered emotion pressure and 56.7% lacked the knowledge about CP. 81% families thought that more social support should be offered in 6 aspects including government welfare, social security, medical institutions, psychotherapy, community services and legal aid. ConclusionAll society should pay more attention on the children with CP and provide a good rehabilitation environment for them.

Animals ; Central Nervous System ; radiation effects ; Humans ; Mice ; Microwaves ; Rats

Dengue ; seconds ; Culicidae ; Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Fever

Autophagy is a lysosome-dependent degradative pathway which is characterized by cytoplasmic vacuolization. However, it is not just a simple degradative pathway. Research shows that autophagy is related to many diseases, such as neurodegenerative disease, malignant tumor, ageing, pathogenic microorganism infection, myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury and so on. Autophagy exactly exists in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, and it becomes a new research hotspot. This review will focus on the occurrence and development of autophagy and its role, signal transduction and research status in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Objective To study ocular motor function in patients with Parkinson disease.Methods Videonystagmography(VNG)was used for testing ocular saccade and smooth pursuit eye movement(SPEM)in 14 patients with idiopathic Parkinson disease and 10 age and sex-matched control subjects to compare the latency of saccades,the accuracy of saeeades and SPEMGain between two groups. Results The latency of saceades was found to be much more increased in PD group (291.23±46.25)ms than that in healthy group(244.45±23.11)ms(P＜0.05);and the accuracy of saccades was found to be decreased in PD group(87.98±6.1 6)as compared to that in healthy group (95.21±8.56)(P＜0.05).PD group was found to have more decreased SPEM gain(0.81±0.12)than that in healthy group(0.90±0.1 5)(P＜0.05). Conclusions The findings suggest that ocular motor function is abnormal in Parkinson disease patients.

Objective To analyze the correlation between the positive rate of autoantibody and hepatitis C virus load and the relationship between the positive incidence and the status of liver function in patients infected HCV.Methods 168 patients infected hepatitis C virus were included,to detect serum autoantibody,HCV loads and liver function file.And 129 healthy controls were collected to test the serum autoantibody.Using the Chi-square test to analyze the count data,and performing student test or Nonparametric test to study measurement data,compared the positive rate of autoantibody in patients with HCV and that in healthy controls.Analyzed the correlation among the positive incidence of autoantibody,HCV load and the status of liver function in patients infected HCV,and studied the relationship of the positive rate of autoantibody with age and also with gender of the patients.Results The positive rate of autoantibody in patients with HCV was 35.12%(59/168),in which ANA accounted for 33.93%,SMA took up 2.98%,AMA-M2 made up 1.80% and anti-LKM1 1.20%.No patient existed LC-1 or SLA/LP in his/her serum.The total positive rate of autoantibody and ANA both were higher in pa-tients than in healthy controls (χ2=23.179,P=0.000;χ2=21.360,P=0.000).There existed no significant difference in the levels of HCV load,total bilirubin (TBil),ALT and AST between the patients whose autoantibody examinations were positive and those who were negative in autoantibody test (χ2=0.113,P=0.945;Z=-1.087,P=0.277;Z=-1.356,P=0.175;Z=-0.153,P=0.878).The positive rate of autoantibody not correlated with the gender (χ2=2.897,P=0.089), but related to the age (t=3.274,P=0.001)of the patients.There existed significant difference in the levels of ALT,AST and the age between the patients HCV RNA negative and those HCV RNA positive (Z=-6.430,P=0.000;Z=-6.123, P=0.000;t=-3.152,P=0.002),and the patients whose HCV RNA were negative younger than those who with HCV RNA positive (44.17 vs 55.27 years).Conclusion It is easy for autoimmunity to occur on persons infected HCV.The posi-tive rate of autoantibody is related to patients’age,but not to the HCV amount in patients.Besides,it cannot predict the sta-tus of the patients’liver injury that weather the autoimmunity appears.But HCV load correlated with patients'age and liver inj ury,which older group patients bring higher virus load and had more serious liver damage.

Objective To study the feasibility of interventional pulmonary lobectomy by animal experiment. Methods Twelve healthy dogs were divided into three groups randomly,with 4 in each. Group A: the target bronchus and alveoli were filled with emulsion of lapiodal and alveolar cells damage liquors and then the target bronchus was occluded with Polymethylmethacrylate(PMMA). Group B: The target bronchus was only occluded with PMMA. Group C: Pulmonary lobe was resected surgically. Arterial blood gases were measured at the time of pre-procedure and post-procedure and then 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th week after the procedure respectively. Chest radiography histology and bacterial culture of tissue of target lung lobe were made after 4 weeks. Results There was a significant difference in arterial blood-gas among 3 groups pre-procedure in comparion with those of post-proceduce immediately (P0.05) in comparing with 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th week after the procedure. Atelectasis was shown radiologically with histological formation of fibrosis of target lung lobe but no bacteria grew in target tissue 4th week after the procedure. There were two cases of lung atelectasis but no pulmonary fibrosis occluded in group B. Conclusions Interventional pulmonary lobectomy might be obtained after the target bronchus and pulmonasy alveoli were filled with emulsion of dipiodal and alveolar cells damage liquors and then the target bronchus was occluded with PMMA.