Objective To investigate the Reprimo and hMLH1 gene promoter methylation detection value in the diagnosis of early gastric cancer.Methods Chose patints in Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital from September 2013 to April 2014,50 cases of patients with chronic atrophicgastritis with intestinal metaplasia,50 cases of patients with gastricmucosal atypical hyperplasia,50 patients with gastric cancer,endoscopic gastric biopsy samples,and 30 cases of normal gastric mucosa biopsy tissues as control group.Analysis abnormal expression in Reprimo gene and hMLH1 genes promoter methylation,compared the differences.between groups of patients.Results The patients with gastric mucosatissues Reprimo and hMLH1 genes promoter methylation positive rate was significantly higher than that of normal group,the difference wasstatistically signifi-cant (P<0.05).Reprimo gene promoter methylation were:patients with chronic atrophic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia 28% (χ2 =10.18,P < 0.05).Patients with gastric mucosalatypical hyperplasia 56% (χ2 = 25.84,P < 0.05)and patients with gastric cancer 62% (χ2 = 30.36,P < 0.05).hMLH1 gene promoter methylation were:patients with chronic atrophic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia 20% (χ2 =4.39,P <0.05),patients with gastric mucosal atypical hyperplasia 44% (χ2 =15.13,P <0.05)and patients with gastric cancer 48% (χ2 = 17.41,P <0.05),high specificity of detection.Conclusion Reprimo and hMLH1 gene’s detect value in the diagnosis of early gastric cancer is very high,high specificity,it is an effec-tive way of diagnosis,treatment in clinical diagnosis of patients with broad prospects.

The distribution fate and solubilization behavior of indomethacin through the intestinal tract were investigated with in vitro lipolysis model, by comparing the Capmul MCM and Labrafil M 1944 CS type I lipid formulations. The results showed that the more favorable solubilization was in the aqueous digestion phase from each lipid formulations for indomethacin. The lipolysis rate and extent were decided with chemical constitution of the lipid excipients, which meant that less indomethacin was transferred from the long chain polar oil lipid solution into the aqueous digestion phase. Increasing the concentration of indomethacin in the lipid formualitons from a solution to a suspension led to a linear increase in the concentration of indomethacin attained in the aqueous digestion phase from lipid formulations. This study also implied that adverse effects of the lipolysis rate and extent on drug absorption were could be taken into consideration when screening lipid formulations. Lipid suspensions likely had better enhancement of drug absorption. Last, this study demonstrated that a potential basis for optimizing and assessing type I lipid formulations and also researching in vivo-in vitro correlations of lipid formulations were provided by an in vitro lipolysis model.

Objective To explore the clinical value of imaging examinations of medullary sponge kidney with the literature reviewed.Methods The features of X-ray plain film (1 case),IVP (2 cases),B-mode US(3 cases) and CT images (9 cases) of medullary sponge kidney (MSK) in 11 cases were analysed retrospectively.Results X-ray plain film showed a cluster of round and oval high density images in renal papillae and renal medulla in one case one kidney.Collecting tubes were showed as like line,brush and sac like dilatation on IVP in 2 cases 3 kidneys.B-mode US revealed a cluster of high echo spots scattered in renal medulla in 3 cases 5 kidneys and sac like dilatation of collecting tubes in 2 cases 3 kidneys.CT images showed the stones of spongiform kidney scattered alone renal medulla in 9 cases 16 kidneys,while the stones covered by contrast media on enhanced CT images in 3 cases 5 kidneys,and enhanced stripes of high density projected from renal papillae to renal medulla.Conclusion X-ray plain film,IVP,B-made US and CT all can be used in diagnosing spongiform kidney.Plain film and IVP are yet the first selected methods and IVP is specific and direct in showing collecting tubes dilatation.B-mode US especially CT have a high showing rate of stone in spongiform kidney and can be helpful to evaluate the collecting tube dilatation.

Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Asparaginase ; pharmacology ; HL-60 Cells ; Humans ; K562 Cells ; U937 Cells

Objective To discuss the mode of onset,clinical characteristics,treatment and prognosis of children with granulocyte sarcoma (GS),in order to provide guidance for early diagnosis and effective treatment of GS.Methods Six cases of children with GS diagnosed at the Department of Hematology,Children's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University between June 2009 and June 2014 were analyzed,the data including the mode of onset,clinical manifestation,diagnosis,treatment and outcome.Results There were 2 cases with a painless mass onset (1 case was 2 years old,characterized by right waist mass,about 10 cm × 5 cm;the other case was 6 years old,characterized by axillary lump,about 2 cm × 3 cm),and both of them received surgical removal of the tumor,then the postoperative tumor was examined by pathologic and immunohistochemical method,and at last the primary granulocyte sarcoma was diagnosed.The third case was a 7 years old girl,she was onset characterized by scalp lump,about 2 cm × 3 cm,and was diagnosed by the pathologic and immunohistochemical method,and changes in hematological system appeared a month later and acute myeloid leukemia(AML) was confirmed by bone marrow examination.The onset ages of other 3 cases were in 10 months,1 year and 7 months,13 years and 3 months old respectively,characterized by scalp lump (about 2 cm × 3 cm),spinal canal tumor (about 1.0 cm × 1.5 cm),intracranial tumors (6.0 cm × 4.9 cm),with AML occurring at the same time,which was confirmed by surgical pathology,immunohistochemistry and bone marrow cell morphology,immune classification,chromosome,and fusion gene diagnosis.Four cases were hematopoietic malignancies by pathology,2 cases of then belonging to small round cell tumor.The immune pathology showed 5 cases of myeloperoxidase positive,CD68-positive,3 cases of CD43-positive,CD123-positive.All children CD3,CD20 levels in all children were negative.Four cases underwent surgery combined with chemotherapy,other 2 cases received surgery and then gave up treatment,1 case discontinued follow-up 3 months later,and the other case died of intracranial hemorrhage after 3 months,which induced by thrombocytopenia.The treated 4 cases were followed up 3 to 58 months,and all had disease-free survival.Conclusions Children with GS have low incidence and non-specific diagnostic criteria,its diagnosis depends on immune pathology,and the treatment is mainly in accordance with AML program for high-dose chemotherapy.The systematic chemotherapy helps to prolong overall survival;at the same time,the hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with bone marrow may help to improve the prognosis.

Objective To investigate the effects of transplantated tumor capillary permeability under microbubble enhanced diagnostic ultrasound exposure.Methods Fourty eight rats were randomly divided into four groups after Walker 256 carcinomas were subcutaneousely implanted,named the control group (A),microbubbles group (B),ultrasound group (C),microbubbles and ultrasound group (D).Using Evans blue(EB) as the indicator for tumor capillary permeability,the microbubbles were injected through the vein with diagnostic ultrasound frequency as 1.75 MHz,mechanical index as 1.4.The spillover of EB was estimated under confocal laser microscope,meanwhile the contents of EB in the tumor tissues were calculated according to the standard curve and spectrophotometry.Results EB spillover was observed around the capillaries in the group D,while EB spillover was only observable on capillary in group A,B and C.The EB content was also significantly higher than those in group A,B and C.Conclusions Exposure to both diagnostic ultrasound and microbubbles results in increased capillary permeability of rat tumor tissues,which might become a potential therapeutic method on clinical chemotherapy.

A new dynamic in vitro intestinal absorption model for screening and evaluating lipid formulations was established by means of the characteristics of the intestinal digestion and absorption of the lipid formulations. This model was composed of two systems, including intestinal digestion and the intestinal tissue culture, which drew the evaluation method of intestinal absorption into the in vitro lipolysis model. The influence of several important model parameters such as Ca2+, D-glucose, K+ on the two systems of this model has been investigated. The results showed that increasing of Ca2+ concentration could be significantly conductive to intestinal digestion. The increasing of D-glucose concentration could stepped significantly down the decay of the intestinal activity. K+ was able to maintain intestinal activity, but the influence of different concentration levels on the decay of the intestinal activity was of no significant difference. Thus the model parameters were set up as follows: Ca2+ for 10 mmol x L(-1), D-glucose for 15 mmol x L(-1) and K+ for 5.5 mmol x L(-1). Type I lipid formulation was evaluated with this model, and there was a significant correlation between the absorption curve in vitro and absorption curve in vivo of rats (r = 0.995 6, P < 0.01). These results demonstrated that this model can be an attractive and great potential method for the screening, evaluating and predicting of the lipid formulations.

This paper report the development of a new dosage form - self-microemulsifying mouth dissolving films, which can improve the oral bioavailability of water insoluble drugs and have good compliance. A three factor, three-level Box-Behnken design was used for optimizing formulation, investigated the effect of amounts of microcrystalline cellulose, low-substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose and hypromellose on the weight, disintegration time, cumulative release of indomethacin after 2 min, microemulsified particle size and stretchability. Optimized self-microemulsifying mouth dissolving films could fast disintegrate in (17.09 +/- 0.72) s; obtain microemulsified particle size at (28.81 +/- 3.26) nm; and release in vitro at 2 min to (66.18 +/- 1.94)%. Self-microemulsifying mouth dissolving films with broad application prospects have good compliance, strong tensile and can be released rapidly in the mouth through fast self-microemulsifying.

Solid carriers had important effects on the properties of solid self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (S-SMEDDS). In order to make the basis for further development of S-SMEDDS, the influences of silica on the absorption of S-SMEDDS were investigated. An in vitro lipolysis model was used to evaluate the influence of silica on self-microemulsifying drug delivery system digestion from intestinal tract. S-SMEDDS containing silica were prepared by extrusion/spheronization. The drug release and absorption were investigated. The results showed that lipolysis rate and drug concentration in aqueous phase after intestinal lipolysis both increased by adding silica, which was benefit to drug absorption. And silica was not benefit to absorption for slowing drug release. Consistently, there was no significant influence of silica on intestinal absorption. This study implied that the influences of silica on lipolysis rate and drug release were both amount dependent and it is suggested that silica could be used as the solid carrier but the proportion needs to be optimized.

Acute Disease ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrogen Sulfide ; poisoning ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Diseases ; Young Adult