As one of the major sources of infection, viruses could infect all organisms including bacteria, plants, animals, and humans. Infectious diseases caused by viruses pose a great threat and damage to human health and economic activities all over the world. Adaptor-associated protein kinase 1 (AAK1) is a member of the Ark1/Prk1 family of serine/threonine kinases and a specific key kinase regulating the phosphorylation of AP-2 protein μ2 subunit T156. In the past, AAK1 has been regarded as a feasible biological target for the treatment of nerve pain. Recently, scientists have found that inhibiting AAK1 can regulate endocytosis and inhibit virus invasion into cells. Therefore, AAK1 could be the potential target of anti-virus therapy. This paper reviews the research progress of small molecule AAK1 inhibitors in the field of antiviral, analyzes the future research directions and challenges, and provides new ideas for the development of antiviral drugs targeting AAK1.

Abnormalities, Multiple ; pathology ; Cerebral Cortex ; pathology ; Fetus ; Holoprosencephaly ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Humans ; Labor, Induced ; Male ; Prenatal Diagnosis ; Ultrasonography

OBJECTIVETo really realize quality control of Chinese herb purifying process, near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was used not only for fast monitoring quality-control index of the process, but also for fast judgment of absorption endpoint.

METHODThe purification process of Carthamus tinctorius extracts with nonionic macroreticular resin was selected as an example. HPLC was used as the reference method to determine the content of HSYA. Quantitative and qualitative detection modes of purification were developed by NIRS combined with partial least squares (PLS) and moving block of standard deviation (MBSD).

RESULTThe correlation coefficient of the calibration model was 0.999, and the RPD for calibration and validation were above 5, of 5.54 and 5.22, respectively. Based on acquisition spectra, absorption endpoint calculated by MBSD was close to that by HPLC, Only 1 min deviation.

CONCLUSIONThe method mentioned above is proved to be convenient, rapid and nondestructive, and is applicable for fast monitoring the content of HSYA and fast judgment of absorption endpoint in purifying process of C. tinctorius extracts.

Carthamus tinctorius ; chemistry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared ; methods

Objective To obtain the matched parameters between image quality and radiation dose by exploring the influence of the exposure parameters of screening mammography on both the image quality and radiation dose.Methods The correlation between the exposure parameters and average glandular doses to 507 patients undergoing screening mammography were retrospectively analyzed.The influence of breast compression thickness on radiation dose by exposing different thickness of PMMA was obtained.The correlation with image quality was analyzed by combined testing of contrast detail test mode ( CDMAM3.4 )and different thickness of PMMAs.Results The groups aged 30 to 49 years were the main groups in 507examined patients,up to 67.06％ of the total.The mean value of average gland doses ( AGD ) in contrastprior mode was the highest in three kinds of exposure modes,accounting for 137.5％ of standard mode.In standard mode,target material/filtration board combination was Mo/Mo,Mo/Rh and Rh/Rh,accounting for 1/3 respectively.Mo/Rh and Rh/Rh were selected in dose-prior mode,accounting for 50％ respectively.Mo/Mo was mainly selected in contrast-prior,accounting for 52％.Breast compression thickness was positively correlated with average gland doses.Image quality figure inverse (IQFinv) under three kinds of modes (STD,DOSE,CNT) was 98.32,95.41 and 107.02,respectively,and IQFinv of contrast-prior mode was the highest among them.IQFinv was in general agreement in the three kinds of exposure modes when the thickness of PMMA plates plates was greater than or equal to 5 cm.Conclusions In clinical practice,when the breast is of density type and pressed thickness is less than 4 em,the dose-prior mode should be selected.When the pressed thickness is between 4 and 6 cm,the standard exposure mode should be selected.When the pressed thickness is larger than 6 cm,the manual mode should be selected.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical effect and safety of chiropractic in treating cervicogenic sudden hearing loss.

METHODSFrom January 2011 to October 2013, 90 patients with cervicogenic sudden hearing loss were randomly divided into treatment group and control group according to the random number table produced by SPSS 19.0 software. In the treatment group, there were 17 males and 28 females, aged from 31 to 62 years old with an average of (47.57±9.43) years; course of disease was from 1 to 3 days with an average of (1.43±0.68) days; pure-tone audiometry score was from 46.5 to 77.8 dB with the mean of (61.20±9.83) dB; Northwick Park Neck Pain Questionnaire (NPQ) score was from 17 to 31 scores with an average of (23.46±7.18) scores. In the control group, there were 15 males and 30 females, aged from 28 to 64 years old with an average of (45.77±6.99) years; course of disease was from 1 to 3 days with an average of (1.50±0.73) days; pure-tone audiometry score was from 48.1 to 75.0 dB with the mean of (63.91±8.05) dB; Northwick Park Neck Pain Questionnaire (NPQ) score was from 20 to 29 scores with an average of (25.61±10.43) scores. The patients of control group were treated with dexamethasone intravenous drip of 10 mg, 3 days later, decreased to 5 mg, 3 days again. And with the methycobal intravenous drip of 500 μg, treatment continued for 10 days. The patients of treatment group were treated with chiropractic additionally except for the therapeutic methods of control group. Chiropractic included local muscle loosening, attacking point, bilateral pulling atlanto-axial joint, and continuous treatment for 10 days. The pure-tone audiometry score and NPQ score were compared between two groups after treatment.

RESULTSAfter the treatment, pure-tone audiometry score and NPQ score in treatment group improved to (40.23± 8.14) dB and (12.70±8.29) scores respectively, which were obviously better than that of control group's (37.70±10.61) dB and (21.24±11.13) scores (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONCompared with routine method for cervicogenic sudden hearing loss, additional chiropractic can improve hearing and relieve neck pain effectively.

Cervical Vertebrae ; Female ; Hearing Loss, Sudden ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Manipulation, Chiropractic ; methods ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Middle Aged

The clinical therapeutic effect of acupoint catgut-embedding for simple obesity was systemically analyzed to provide reference and assistance for its clinical treatment and research. By searching in the CBM, CNKI, VIP, Wanfang, Pubmed, Springer and Medline databases, clinical randomized controlled trials (RCT) of acupoint catgut-embedding for simple obesity published from Jan, 2009 to July, 2013 were collected while Revman 5. 2 software was applied to perform the Meta-analysis. Totally 19 articles were acquired with 1 658 cases involved. The effective rate was selected as primary outcome measure in 19 articles. The Meta-analysis was performed among homogeneous researches. The results indicated that compared with other therapies, pooled OR of acupoint catgut-embedding was 2.45 with 95% CI [1.81, 3.32]; in the test for overall effect, Z = 5.81, implying the efficacy difference of two therapies was significant in the treatment of simple obesity (P < 0.01). In subgroups analysis, in the event of treatment session with more than 3 months, compared with other therapies, pooled OR of acupoint catgut-embedding was 2.61 with 95% CI [1.53, 4.46]; in test for overall effect, Z = 3.51, implying the efficacy difference of two therapies was significant in the treatment of simple obesity (P < 0.01); in the event of treatment session with less than 3 months, compared with other therapies, pooled OR of acupoint catgut-embedding was 2.38 with 95% CI [1.65, 3.44]; in test for overall effect, Z = 4.46, implying in the treatment of simple obesity the efficacy difference of two therapies was significant (P < 0.01). Compared with electroacupuncture, OR of acupoint catgut-embedding was 1.79, 95% CI [1.08, 2.95] (P = 0.02). Compared with acupuncture, OR of acupoint catgut-embedding was 1.89, 95% CI [1.16, 3.09] (P = 0.01), which explained that compared with electroacupuncture and acupuncture, the efficacy of acupoint catgut-embedding was significantly different. In a word, the clinical efficacy of acupoint catgut-embedding is superior to other therapies in the treatment of simple obesity.
Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Catgut ; Electroacupuncture ; Humans ; Obesity ; therapy ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic

Objective To discuss the impact of repeated contrast media exposure on renal function in patients who received coronary angiography ( CAG) or percutaneous coronary intervention ( PCI) within 1 week after CTA of coronary ateries. Methods A total of 258 patients who received CAG or PCI after coronary CTA were divided into the study group ( n=132, patients had CAG/PCI within 1 week after CTA) and the control group ( n=126, patients had CAG/PCI 1-2 weeks after CTA). Serum creatinine, cystatin C and estimated GFR were tested before and on day 1, 2 and 3 after procedures. The occurance of contrast-induced nephropathy ( CIN ) was recorded. Resu1ts The baseline clinical characteristics of the patients between the two groups had no significant difference. Preoperative and postoperative serum creatinine, cystatin C and eGFR values on day 1, 2 and 3 had no significant difference between the two groups (all P﹥0. 05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of CIN between two groups (5. 3% in the study group vs. 4. 8% in the control group, P﹥0. 05 ) . Conc1usions It is safe and feasible for patients with eGFR≥60 ml/( min?1. 73 m2 ) to undergo CAG or PCI within 1 week after coronary CTA.

Objective To investigate the influence of factors related to metabolic syndrome(MS)on the outcome in subjects without diabetes mellitus in a community.Methods A two-year follow-up study was conducted in 885 subjects who were enrolled in the epidemiologic survey carried out in Pingliang Community, Shanghai in 2002.Oral glucose tolerance test,lipid prefde,blood pressure(BP),body mass index(BMI),waist and hip circumferences were measured.Results (1)The baseline of BMI,fasting plasma glucose(FPG),2h plasma glucose after glucose loading(2hPG),BP,triglyceride(TG)in the subjects with impaired glucose regulation(IGR)increased significantly as compared to those with normal glucose regulation(NGR)(all P

Objective To explore the distribution rule of metastatic lymph node in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Methods 315 histopathologically proved NPC patients were studied retrospectively.All patients had had their nasopharynx scanned by MRI with plain and contrast enhanced sequences.The distribution of lymph node was divided into six cervical levels plus retro- pharyngeal nodes(RN) according to RTOG guidelines proposed in 2003.Results 254 out of 315 patients (80.6%) had lymph node involvement,with 81 in the right neck alone,72 left neck alone,and 101 both necks;73 in RN alone,21 neck node alone,and 160 both necks and RN node.Skip metastasis was found in only 4 patients (1.6%).There was significant difference in BN metastasis between the primary tumor be- ing located merely on the superior/posterior wall and lateral wall (78% vs 49%,P＜0.01).The incidence of lymph node metastasis in T1,T2,T3 and T4 patients was 73.5%,91.2%,71.9%,73.5% (P＞0.05), respectively,without significant difference between early or advanced T stage in node distribution (P＞0.05).Conclusions The incidence of lymph node metastasis is high in nasopharyngeal carcinoma,with retropharyngeal node being the most commonly involved,but the incidence of skip metastasis is very low. There is no significant difference between T stage and the incidence of lymph node metastasis.So is the dis- tribution of metastatic node.

Purpose:Taking tuberculosis as an example, this paper aims at to analyzing the level of reimburse-ment for infectious diseases care, and clarifying the government responsibility. Methods:In order to achieve the ob-jective of this research, UHC framework was used to analyze the security level. Result:The findings of this research reveal that TB in-patients' Compensation Ratio of the New Cooperative Medical Scheme ( NCMS) was lower than aver-age level of all the NCMS patients, the out-patients' was even lower. The categories of anti-tuberculotic for free was limited, the utilization was not as expected. Medical assistance covered few people in spite of its high level of reim-bursement. Conclusion:Based on the findings of this review, it has been revealed that the medical insurance didn't make a big difference in financial protection for patients with infectious diseases. As the treatment for of infectious diseases is a quasi-public good, the government has to shoulder the responsibility of improving the compensation ratio of the patients.