Objective To study the current status of antibiotic usage in Southwest hospital, so as to improve the rationality in applying antibiotic. Methods A total of 1 668 patients in Southwest hospital during Jan 1 to Dec 30, 2003 were investigated in antibiotic usage and the data were sorted and analyzed. Results Antibiotics were administered in 1 247 cases (74.76%), including only 76 cases (6.09%) based on susceptibility test, 39 cases (3.12%) occurred hospital infection. 297 cases (23.81%) abused antibiotics, among which 131 cases (38.04%) were without definite symptoms or with weak signs, 93 cases (31.31%) used more than two kinds of antibiotics, 24 cases (8.08%) frequently changed antibiotic in the treatment, 27 cases (9.09%) inappropriately prolonged administration and 22 cases (7.40%) improperly combined the same antibiotics. Conclusion Irrational utilization of antibiotics exits in clinical work. Therefore, the rational use of antibiotic based on susceptibility tests should be emphasized.

AIM: To establish a RP-HPLC method for determining ephedrina hydrochloridum and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride in Chuanliting Spray(Herba Ephedrae,Folium Artenisiae argyi,Radix et Rhizoma Asari,etc.). METHODS: HPLC conditions were as follows: C_(18)(4.6 mm?250mm,5?m) column,0.2% phosphoric acid—acetonitrile(96∶4) as mobile phase with flow rate of 1mL/min,and the detection wavelength at 205nm.(RESULTS:) The calibration curve of ephedrina hydrochloridum was linear between 0.448-3.416?g(r=(0.999 8,) n=7).The average recovery was 100.26% and RSD=2.17%(n=5).The calibration curve of pseudoephedrine hydrochloride was linear between 0.16-1.12?g(r= 0.999 1,n=7).The average recovery was 101.60% and RSD =2.19%(n=5). CONCLUSION: The method is convenient and efficient,and can be used for quantitative analysis and quality control of this preparation.

Objective To establish a method for the determination of Puerarin in Huanglian Jiangtang Tablets. Methods The sample was extracted with 30 %ethanol. The chromatographic conditions were as follows:Diamonsil C18 chromatographic column(250 mm?4.6 mm,5?m)with a mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.5 %glacial acetic acid,the detection wavelength being at 250 nm and the flow rate being 1.0 mL?min-1. Results A linearity was obtained from 0.338 ?g to 2.336 ?g of Puerarin in Huanglian Jiangtang Tablets with a good correlation (r=0.999997,n=7).The average recovery was 100.2% and RSD=1.80%(n=6). Conclusion This method for determination of Puerarin in Huanglian Jiangtang Tablets is easy,sensitive,specific and accurate.

Objective This study aimed to establish an anatomic basis for the microscopic surgical anatomy of the cavemous sinus via the extended transsphenoidal approach.Methods Simulated surgery via extended transsphenoidal ap-proach was performed on seven adult cadaver heads with red--colored latex injected arteries.The cavernous segment of the ICA and its branch vessels and its relationship with cranial nerve were exposed and its anatomic parameters were measured under microscope.Results The tuberculum sellae,clivus,sellar base,ICA prominence,and optic nerve prominence are the important bone landmarks to define the surgical area.The average of the extent of bone removal of extended transsphe-noidal approach is 37.6 mm(range:28.7 mm～44.0 mm).Conclusions The bone removal from sellar base to the media edge of the foramen rotundum and over the ICA prominence can effectively expose the entire unilateral cavernous sinus.The microscopic cavernous sinus surgery via the extended transsphenoidal approach is an optimal surgical approach for the le-sions that invade the cavernous sinus from sella.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for scientific and standardized management of temporary purchased drugs. METHODS:By using ABC analysis method,the data of non-antimicrobial temporary purchased drugs in a hospital in 2014 were analyzed statistically with ABC analysis in terms of quantity,the number of types and departments. Class A drugs were analyzed es-pecially. RESULTS:A total of 152 kinds of drugs were purchased temporarily,including 20 464 boxes,20 kinds of class A drugs, which accounted for 70.56%. Main types were antitumor drugs and nutraceuticals by pharmacology;26 departments temporarily purchased drug,mainly in tumor department and hematology department. CONCLUSIONS:The types of temporary purchased drugs meet the clinical demand in the hospital basically. The necessary type A drugs used frequently can be used as reference of tem-porary drug purchase;the temporary purchased drugs can be managed scientifically and normatively based on ABC analysis.

BACKGROUND:Different types of nerve regulatory factors and glial cells have been reported to exert different roles in the differentiation and maturation of neural stem cells, but culturing neural stem cells in large animals is relatively rarely reported. OBJECTIVE:To explore the way for culturing goat neural stem cells and to detect the outcome after in vitro differentiation. METHODS:The neural stem cellwas separated and cultured from the newborn goat cerebral cortex and the anti-nestin immunocytochemical staining was performed for cellidentification. At the same time, anti-S100 active Schwann cells were gotten from the sciatic nerve. Then in vitro differentiation was preformed and the outcome was detected by the immunocytochemical stain of anti-glial fibril ary acidic protein, anti-microtubule-associated protein 2 and anti-S100. cells without primary antibodies served as controls. Gray values were calculated and compared. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The Schwann cells were cultured successful y, which were active to the anti-nestin immunocytochemical staining and anti-S100 staining. After differentiation, the products were active to anti-glial fibril ary acidic protein and anti-microtubule-associated protein 2 immunocytochemical stain, but Abstract BACKGROUND:Different types of nerve regulatory factors and glial cells have been reported to exert different roles in the differentiation and maturation of neural stem cells, but culturing neural stem cells in large animals is relatively rarely reported. OBJECTIVE:To explore the way for culturing goat neural stem cells and to detect the outcome after in vitro differentiation. METHODS:The neural stem cellwas separated and cultured from the newborn goat cerebral cortex and the anti-nestin immunocytochemical staining was performed for cellidentification. At the same time, anti-S100 active Schwann cells were gotten from the sciatic nerve. Then in vitro differentiation was preformed and the outcome was detected by the immunocytochemical stain of anti-glial fibril ary acidic protein, anti-microtubule-associated protein 2 and anti-S100. cells without primary antibodies served as controls. Gray values were calculated and compared. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The Schwann cells were cultured successful y, which were active to the anti-nestin immunocytochemical staining and anti-S100 staining. After differentiation, the products were active to anti-glial fibril ary acidic protein and anti-microtubule-associated protein 2 immunocytochemical stain, but negative to the anti-S100. And significant difference was found in gray values. The goat neural stem cells and Schwann cells were successful y cultured and identified. After the differentiation, the astrocytes and neurons were detected, but the Schwann cells were not found.

Objective To establish the norm of occupational stress on the nurse in China. Methods Used stratified random cluster sampling,a total of 3091 nurses in 21 from China' s eastern,central and western parts of three regional hospitals, hospital were tested by Chinese nurse stressor scale (CNNS). Results ①The total norms for the CNNS and each factor are established. ②Descriptive statistics for CNSS for different regions samples, different working year' s samples,different marital status samples,different titles samples,different age's samples, different education background samples and different work nature samples were modulated. Conclusion The norm established can basically represent the occupational stress on nurses in China.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of multiple radiofrequency ablation therapy of trigeminal neuralgia. Methods 60 patients diagnoised as trigeminal neuralgia in our hospital were included from January 2014 to september 2014. The patients were randomly divided into two groups , 30 patients in treatment group and 30 patients in control group. Patients in treatment group were treated by multiple radiofrequency ablation therapy while patients in control group were treated by radiofrequency thermal coagulation therapy for trigeminal ganglion.Then comparing the curative effect of the two groups after the treatment. Results The VAS score showed insignificant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion The multiple radiofrequency ablation in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia is effective clinically as fewer complications and shows higher security.

UNLABELLED: To ensure the consistency of genotype results for PowerPlex 21 kit and Goldeneye 20A kit. METHODS: The STR loci were amplified in DNA samples from 205 unrelated individuals in Beijing Han population. And consistency of 19 overlap STR loci typing were observed. The genetic polymorphism of D1S1656 locus was obtained. RESULTS: All 19 overlap loci typing showed consistent. The proportion of peak height of heterozygous loci in two kits showed no statistical difference (P > 0.05). The observed heterozygosis of D1S1656 was 0.878. The discrimination power was 0.949. The excluding probability of paternity of triplet was 0.751. The excluding probability of paternity of diploid was 0.506. The polymorphism information content was 0.810. CONCLUSION PowerPlex 21 kit and Goldeneye 20A kit present a good consistency. The primer design is reasonable. The polymorphism of D1S1656 is good. The two kits can be used for human genetic analysis, paternity test, and individual identification in forensic practice.
DNA/analysis* ; DNA Fingerprinting ; DNA Primers ; Genotype ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Paternity ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Genetic

Objective To study the differences of chromosomal structure among Yersinia pestis strains isolated from China,and to investigate the reasons of chromosomal rearrangement events occurred in Yersinia pestis as well as the possibility of strain identification and phylogenetic analysis based on the chromosomal rearrangement features.Methods According to the genome sequence data downloaded from web of National Center for Biotechnology Information (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genome),alignment of all the coding sequences (CDSs) among five strains(American strain CO92 as reference and other four completely sequenced strains from Inner Mongolia,Jianchuan of Yunnan,Yulong of Yunnan,Naqu of Tibet in China named 91001,D182038,D106004 and Z176003 as comparison strains) was performed,and then the chromosome of Yersinia pestis was divided into several large DNA segments (named chromosomal plate in the text) according to the similarity of CDSs.Plate arrangement patterns in each strain' s chromosome and gene content of breakpoint regions were determined.Finally,genetic relationships among Yersinia pestis strains were analyzed on the basis of rearrangement diversity from paired-comparison.Results Yersinia pestis chromosomes of strains CO92,D182038,D106004,91001 were composed of 44 relatively independent plates,except strain Z176003.Gene order was very stable within each plate,while it was movable between the plates.Comparing with the reference strain CO92,13 rearrangement events occurred in the chromosomes of both strain D182038 and strain D106004,and 14 rearrangement events involved in Z176003,while 37 rearrangement events occurred in 91001.Paired-comparison data showed that only 8 plates order differences were existed between D106004 and Z176003.Forty-three breakpoint regions were identified on the chromosome of strain CO92,and 39 of them contained insertion sequences,and 25 of them were IS100.Conclusions Yersinia pestis genome represents a high degree of genetic flux,and chromosomal structures of strains are significantly different from each other.Chromosomal rearrangement events is closely related to the large number of insertion sequences in the Yersinia pestis chromosome.Rearrangement diversity among Yersinia pestis strains could reflect their genetic relationships.