BACKGROUND:Relative to blood samples, mouth swab samples are more beneficial for apolipoprotein E gene polymorphism analysis among large cohorts. However, agreement has not yet been reached about how to extract genomic DNA form mouth swab samples.
OBJECTIVE:To develop an appropriate method to extract genomic DNA form mouth swab samples, which are suitable for apolipoprotein E gene polymorphism analysis.
METHODS:Fifty mouth swab samples from patients with sporadic Alzheimer’s disease were col ected. Magnetic nanoparticles and PicoDNA trace nucleic acid extraction kit were used to extract genomic DNA form mouth swab samples. And the purity and concentration of the genomic DNA extracted by the two methods were analyzed. Then PCR amplifications and DNA electrophoresis were performed to confirm whether the genomic DNA was able to amplify desired DNA fragments. DNA sequencing was applied to analyze apolipoprotein E gene polymorphisms.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Genomic DNA extracted by the two methods was of high purity. The concentration of genomic DNA extracted by magnetic nanoparticles was higher than by PicoDNA trace nucleic acid extraction kit, and the difference had statistical significance (P<0.05). Al the genomic DNA were able to performed PCR amplifications to obtain desired PCR products, but results of DNA electrophoresis showed that DNA fragments were more clear by nanoparticles method. The results of DNA sequencing were the same by the two methods. The distribution ofε2,ε3,ε4 genotypes of apolipoprotein E gene was 6%, 71%, 23%, respectively. Magnetic nanoparticles were better than PicoDNA trace nucleic acid extraction kit for extracting genomic DNA form mouth swab samples for apolipoprotein E gene polymorphism analysis.

Objective To summarize the application of ATP bioluminescence assay in surveillance of terminal disinfection of effects ,so as to provide the basis for intervention of disinfected effects .Methods ATP bioluminescence assay were employed to randomly test the surfaces of operating objects in therapeutic rooms and beside tables in wards ,total 144 object surfaces ,of each clinical departments in the whole hospital .The values of ATP bioluminescence assay were read on‐site ,0-250 RLU was recognized as qualification ,while disqualification when >250 RLU .The disqualified object surfaces were performed on‐site intervention that all of them were re‐disinfected ,the results were compared .Results Both the surfaces of operating objects and beside tables were dis‐qualified before disinfection ,and the values of ATP bioluminescence assay were 780 ± 10 .34 RL and 853 ± 13 .29 RLU respectively . The pass rates of ATP bioluminescence assay was 61 .97% of operating surfaces and 79 .45% of beside table surfaces the first dis‐infection .The disqualified sites were retested following on‐site intervention .The values of ATP bioluminescence assay were 431 .02 ± 0 .53 before intervention and 1 .43 ± 0 .59 after intervention ,and the difference was statistically significant .Conclusion ATP bi‐oluminescence assay can get more immediately ,simple and timesaving in evaluating the effect of disinfection and estimate the effi‐ciency of disinfection timely ,which can also provide the scientific basis on on‐site intervention so as to improve the execution power of hospital infection management .

Objective: To evaluate the effects of functional appliance and multi-bracket appliance on Angle Class II malocclusions coupled with vertical and transversal problems. Methods:Headgear-activator, Herbst appliance and multi-bracket appliance were used to treat 20 patients with Class II malocclusions coupled with vertical and transversal problems aged from 10 to 15 years. The lateral cephalograms were measured with Winceph 8. 0 software and statistical analysis was carried by SPSS 13. 0 software. Results:The sagi-tal, vertical, transversal problems had mainly been resolved at the end of functional appliance treatment. The SNB were increased( P<0. 05), ANB were decreased(P<0. 05), upper posterior teeth were intruded and distally moved(P<0. 05), lower posterior teeth were extruded and mesialy moved(P<0. 05). After multi-bracket appliance treatment, the anterior teeth achieved normal overbite and over-jet. The molar relationship changed from class II to class I. Mandibular plane angle was not clockwise rotated(P>0. 05). The upper and lower dentition were harmony in sagital, vertical and transversal. Conclusion: Functional appliance combined with multi-bracket appliance can be used effectively and conveniently for the treatment of Class II malocclusions coupled with vertical and transversal prob-lems.

Abstract: Objective　This study aims to explore the prevalence and risk factors of metabolic syndrome (MS) among the adults in Hainan Province, and to provide scientific basis for MS prevention and control. Methods　A multi-stage cluster random sampling method was applied to select 3 690 permanent residents aged 18 years and above in Hainan Province. The survey was conducted by trained investigators using household appointments and centralized surveys. A questionnaire survey, physical measurement, and laboratory examination were conducted after the collection of blood samples. The processed samples were then tested by a quality-controlled laboratory. Finally, we analysed the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) and its relationship with population characteristics and health-related behaviors. Results　The crude prevalence of MS in the population aged 18 and above in Hainan province was 19.46% and the standardized prevalence was 13.21%, with a higher rate in urban areas (22.21%) than in rural areas (18.13%). The prevalence of MS increased with age (P<0.001), and there were significant differences in MS prevalence among different marital and occupational statuses (P<0.01). Logistic regression results indicated that the age groups of 40-<50 years (OR=2.986, 95%CI:1.355-6.580), 50-<60 years (OR=3.739, 95%CI: 1.715-8.151), 60-<70 years (OR=3.890, 95%CI: 1.769-8.556), 70 years and above (OR=3.927, 95%CI: 1.758-8.771), technical, transportation and production personnel (OR=1.579, 95%CI: 1.033-2.412), retired (OR=1.788, 95%CI: 1.415-2.259), unemployed (OR=1.503, 95%CI: 1.044-2.165), smoking cessation (OR=1.582, 95%CI: 1.162-2.154), insufficient intake of fruits and vegetables (OR=1.196, 95%CI: 1.005-1.422), and insufficient physical activity (OR=1.437, 95%CI: 1.155-1.787) were all associated with the prevalence of MS. Among the investigated subjects, 30.22% of them had one abnormal component, with hyperglycemia being the highest (54.44%); 24.25% of them had two abnormal components, with "hyperglycemia + hypertension" being the highest (33.30%); and 19.46% had three or more components, with "overweight/obesity + hyperglycemia + hypertension" being the highest (24.79%). Conclusions　The prevalence of MS in Hainan Province is on the rise, and effective lifestyle intervention measures are needed to reduce the risk of MS.

?AIM: To evaluate the effects on recovering of corneal wound and postoperative discomfort of different methods for primary pterygium.?METHODS: Forty-seven cases ( 60 eyes ) of primary pterygium were excised under microscope with limbal epithelial transplantation, with sharp dissection ( 24 cases, 30 eyes, Group A) and blunt dissection (23 cases, 30 eyes, Group B).All cases were followed up for 1d to 1mo.?RESULTS: The recovering of corneal wound was better in Group B on 1st day and 3rd day after surgery.Pain, photophobia and tears, foreign body sensation were more serious in group A on 1st day after surgery with a statistically significant difference (P=0.005,0.015,0.012). Pain, photophobia and tears, foreign body sensation were more serious in Group A on 3rd day after surgery with a statistically significant difference ( P=0.019,0.018, 0.015).There was no statistically significant difference on 1wk and 1mo after surgery (P>0.05).? CONCLUSION: Compared with sharp dissection, primary pterygium excised with blunt dissection can significantly improve recovering of corneal wound and postoperative discomfort.

Objective · To investigate the performance of transvaginal ultrasound (TVS) on cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP), and evaluate the value of TVS combined with MRI in the diagnosis and treatment of CSP. Methods · A retrospective analysis was made in 42 patients with CSP in Shanghai General Hospital in recent 3 years. The TVS performance, MRI results, and clinical data of the patients were analyzed. Results · In all 42 cases, 36 were diagnosed as CPS. TVS missed one case, and misdiagnosed 5 cases, which diagnostic accuracy was 85.7%. Thirty-six cases were tested by MRI, therein 32 cases were diagnosed correctly, 3 cases missed, 1 case misdiagnosed, which diagnostic accuracy rate was 88.9%. Among the 36 CSP cases, 30 were simple sac type and 6 were mixedmass type. For the simple sac type, different treatment was chosen according to the muscle thickness of the lower uterine segment incision measured by TVS. When it was more than 3 mm, suction surgery was used. But when it was no more than 3 mm, MRI examination was further used, and the surgical resection or uterine artery embolism+MTX+suction surgery was chosen. Conclusion · Both TVS and MRI have a high diagnostic accuracy for CSP, and TVS combined with MRI can provide important reference for CSP treatment options.

OBJECTIVE:To study the antipyretic and analgesic effects of Compound tuniuxi sirup.METHODS:Fever was induced by dry yeast in SD rats,then divided the rats into high-dose(33.12g/kg),medium-dose(16.56g/kg),low-dose(8.28g/kg)and control,aspirin group,observed the antipyretic effect;The mice were divided into high-dose(47.84g/kg),medium-dose(23.92g/kg),low-dose(11.96g/kg)and control,aspirin group,then were investigated with hot plate and acetic acid induced body twist.RESULTS:Compound tuniuxi sirup can markedly inhibit the fever in the model anmals 1 hour later,the effect of the high,medium groups are similar to aspirin;and could increase the pain threshold obviously(the low-dose group is obviously in 1.5h～2h(P

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of moxibustion at Zhangmen (LR13) in treating ulcerative colitis (UC).Method The eligible UC patients were randomized into a moxibustion group of 30 cases and a control group of 30 cases. The moxibustion group received daily oral administration of Mesalazin enteric-coated tablets and 30-min moxibustion at Zhangmen once every other day; the control group was intervened by oral administration of Mesalazin enteric-coated tablets per day. The treatment duration was 8 weeks in both groups. The symptoms and mental state (Self-rating Anxiety Scale, SAS; Self-rating Depression Scale, SDS) were evaluated before the treatment, and respectively after 4-week and 8-week treatments.Result The total symptoms scores after 4-week and 8-week treatments were significantly lower than those before the treatment in both groups (P<0.05); after 8-week treatment, the moxibustion group was significantly lower than the control group in comparing the total symptoms score (P<0.05). The SAS and SDS scores after 4-week and 8-week treatments were significantly lower than those before the treatment in both groups (P<0.05).Conclusion Moxibustion at Zhangmen can effectively improve the symptoms and mental state of UC patients.

Objective To estimate the dietary diversity,overweight and obesity of the rural adults aged 18-65 years in Jilin Province by diet diversity score(DDS),and to analyze the association between dietary diversity and overweight,obesity.Methods A representative sample of 674 rural residents was selected by a multistage sampling method from Jilin Province in 2012 June to July. A validated semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire was used to assess the usual food intake. The height and body weight were measured and the body mass index (BMI)was calculated. Logistic regression analysis was applied to calculate the risk of overweight and obesity for different DDS,after adjusted for mixed factors.Results 62.4% people in rural scored ≥6 while 1 1.8% people in rural scored ≤3.The detection rate of obesity of the rural adults in Jilin Province was higher than the mean level in China .For rural adults with moderate and adequate diversity score, the risk of overweight and obesity was 0.946 and 0.816 times the risk of overweight and obesity of the rural adults with pool diversity score. Conclusion Diet diversity of the rural adults in Jilin Province is low.The risk of overweight and obesity is high;the risk of obesity is decreased with the increasing of diet diversity level.

Objective To explore the effect of in utero exposure to inlfammation on innate immune response in preterm infants. Methods Forty-seven premature infants with gestational age<35 weeks were recruited in this study. According to his-tological evidence of placental infection, all neonates were divided into intrauterine inlfammation positive group and negative group. Mononuclear cells and monocytes were isolated from umbilical cord blood, and were cultured in vitro in the presence or absence of LPS (100 ng/ml). The levels of interleukin 1β(IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 10 (IL-10) in cord blood plasma and monocyte cultural supernatants were measured by ELISA respectively. The level of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 mRNA were detected by Real-time PCR. Expression of HLA-DR on surface of CD14+monocytes and ratio of CD3+CD4+/CD3+CD8+T was analyzed by lfow cytometry. Results (1) The level of cord plasma IL-6 in intrauterine inlfammation positive group was signiifcantly higher than in negative group. (P=0.02). (2) After stimulation of LPS, levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10 in supernatants were increased signiifcantly, in consistence with their mRNA expression (P<0.05) in both groups. (3) Expression of HLA-DR on surface of monocytes was signiifcantly decreased after stimulation with LPS in intrauterine inlfammation positive group (P=0.012), but was signiifcantly increased in negative group (P=0.0305). Con-clusions In utero exposure to inlfammation does not suppress the response of monocytes to LPS in preterm neonates, but impairs the antigen presenting function in monocytes.