Ginseng is a typical adaptogen which has resistance to various stresses. This effect is related to the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. As the main active ingredients, saponin has the similar structure to steroids. The regulation characteristics of ginseng saponin on the HPA axis are narrated from the aspects of total saponin and saponin monomers in this paper after the introduction of adaptation definition and HPA axis regulation mechanisms. Pharmacological effects of ginseng saponin and the regulation effect of HPA axis are summarized finally.
Adaptation, Physiological ; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ; secretion ; Animals ; Corticosterone ; secretion ; Ginsenosides ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System ; drug effects ; secretion ; Panax ; chemistry ; Pituitary-Adrenal System ; drug effects ; secretion

Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of the method of soothing liver qi stagnation and invigorating blood circula- tion to remove stasis for depression.Methods Totally 90 depression cases were randomized into treatment group and control group with 45 in each.The treatment group was given modified Xiaoyao Powder(Powder for liver qi stagnation with blood stasis) based on the principle of soothing liver qi stagnation to remove stasis.The control group was given Fluoxetine.The course of treatment was 8 weeks in all.Self-rating Depression Scale(SDS),Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD),Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale (TESS) and scores of TCM symptoms before and after treatment were recorded for comparison.Results SDS,HAMD,TESS and TCM symptoms were improved after treatment in the treatment group(P

Objective To investigate the effect of ulinastatin (UTI) on the expression of brainderived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) and remyelination in mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis ( EAE).Methods Twenty-four C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into UTI group (U),normal saline treated group (S) and normal control group (N,n = 8,respectively).Demyelinations in the spinal cord were observed by solochrome cyanin staining.The expression of BDNF,myelin basic protein (MBP),and 2',3 '-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (CNP) in brain tissue of each group were evaluated by Western blot.Results Average clinical scores in group U at the 12,13,14,22,23,31,33,34 and 35 days were 0,0.25,0.38,0.63,0.63,0.40,0.40,0.40 and 0.40 respectively.They were significantly lower than group S at the same time ( U= 16.00,15.00,14.50,7.50,0.00,14.50,14.50,12.00 and 14.50,all P ＜0.05).Solochrome cyanin staining showed that demyelination of spinal cord in group U was also significantly improved than group S.Expressions of BDNF ( 1.96 ± 0.29),MBP (2.67 ± 0.48 ) and CNP ( 1.75 ± 0.20) in group U were all significantly higher than group S ( There were 0.80 ± 0.15,1.36 ± 0.38 and 1.06 ± 0.18 respectively,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions UTI has protective effect on EAE.The possible mechanism is that it could promote remyelination,and protect oligodendrocytes and neurons in EAE model by increasing BDNF expression in brain.

As one branch of epigenetics, the sirtuins family ( ClassⅢ histone deacetylase) receive much attention in recent years. SIRT1 as the most famous of the sirtuins family members has been verified involved in a variety of age-related diseases. While the SIRT1 formation is paid more and more attention in age-related cataract. Now, we briefly overviewed the research progress on the role of SIRT1 in age-related cataract.

0.05).The effective rate of group A was 71%(15/21)and of group B 39%(7/18),with a significant difference in the two groups (P

Information literacy is the essential literacy in medical education and training of information analysis ability is the difficulty in information literacy education .Described in this paper is the trial to help postgraduates and long-term schooling undergraduates select their study orientation and topics in ChinaMedical University , including their course targets, contents and teaching outcomes.

Objective In order to research the effect of tyrosine kinase inhibitor in combination with radiotherapy on the inhibi‐tion of breast cancer cells and breast cancer bearing nude mice .Methods Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay was used to e‐valuate the inhibition of different concentrations of TKI on breast cancer cells ,the breast cancer cells was divided into three groups :the TKI treatment group ,the cells in the control group (no the TKI processing) and the control group (non‐TKI and X‐ray irradia‐tion group) .The sensitivity of the cells in each group to X‐ray was compared by colony formation assay .MCF7 cells were xenograf‐ted in athymic nude mice to establish the animal model ,which was used to evaluate the effect of anti‐cancer .Results Colony form‐ing test showed that the separated use of any concentrations of the TKI inhibitor could inhibit the breast cells ,and the cell viability was significantly reduced;TKI combined with X‐ray irradiation could significantly increase the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to radiation ,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0 .05) .Compared to TKI inhibitor or X‐ray irradiation alone ,the combi‐nation of TKI inhibitor with X‐ray irradiation could inhibit the growth of tumor effectively .Conclusion The TKI inhibitor in com‐bination with radiotherapy can effectively inhibit the growth of breast cancer cells ,which provides a new theoretical basis for the im‐plementation of the clinical breast cancer radio sensitization .

OBJECTIVE To discuss the cause of CABG infection and its controlling methodology. METHODS In order to conduct comparative analysis of 40 cases of CABG incision infection and 40 cases of CABG without infection,the "rank sum test" statistical models were applied. RESULTS According to the analysis of statistics,the hospitalized days and costs in sample group with infection were higher than that of control group,and the difference had statistical significance.Compared with the control group,the hospitalized days of sample group with infection averagely increased 43.03 days(2.85 times),and the total hospitalized costs of it averagely increased RMB 84 314.38 yuan(2.02 times). CONCLUSIONS Apart from patients themselves,there are also many possibilities which will cause the infection,which request the on-going works on surgery skills improvement,standardizing the process of aseptic technique,disinfection and isolation,utilizing antimicrobial agents rationally,reducing patients′ hospitalized days before surgery,as well as improving the pre-operative management etc.

OBJECTIVE Discuss the cooperative relationship between The Office of Nosocomial Infection Control("the Office") and the Center for Disease Control and Prevention("the Center") in hospital.METHODS The cooperative relationship between the Office of Nosocomial Infection Control and the Center were analyzed,the third degree A Class hospitals in Beijing area.RESULTS 25 hospitals had set up Centers.Among them,there are special stuff in charge of the report of the infection in 17 hospitals which had the Office with the function of the Center.So far,none of the Offices with the function of the Center can operate all the functions of the office.CONCLUSIONS The setup of the Center is to detect and control infectious disease on the basis of nosocomial infection control.

Objective To explore the effect of minimally invasive surgery in patients with multiple fractured ribs complicated with traumatic diaphragmatic hernia. Methods Clinical data of 48 patients with multiple fractured ribs complicated with traumatic diaphragmatic hernia from January 2010 to January 2016 were retrospective analyzed. All the patients were divided into control group and observation group according to the operation method, 24 cases in each. Patients in control group were treated with thoracotomy, while patients in observation group were treated by video-assisted thoracic surgery. Results The incision length, operative time, blood loss, postoperative thoracic drainage time and hospital stay in the observation group were significantly lower than that in control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Patients with fractured ribs of the two groups were cured after bandage fixation and the observation group were treated with no conversion to thoracotomy. Clinical efficiency of the two groups were 91.67% and 79.16% and the overall complication rate was 8.32% and 37.48% respectively, the difference is statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion The video-assisted thoracic surgery in treatment of multiple fractured ribs complicated with traumatic diaphragmatic hernia has advantages of less trauma and blood loss during operation, shorter operation time, faster postoperative recovery, and better curative effect, lower incidence of complications. It can be further promoted and used in clinical.