OBJECTIVETo study the effects of Dipsacus total saponins on the ability of learning and memory and its mechanism of action.

METHODSForty rats were randomly divided into blank control group, model group, Dipsacus group and positive control group (n = 10), general situation of rats were observed, the ability of learning and memory of rats was tested by Square water maze, the activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE)and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) of hippocampus in rats were measured using double antibody sandwich method.

RESULTSDuring the period of treatment, general situation had no obvious change in model group, but general situation and the ability of activity were gradually improved in Dipsacus group and positive control group. Compared with blank control group, the swimming time was obviously prolonged and the number of mistakes was obviously increased at different time, the activity of AChE was significantly enhanced and the activity of ChAT was significantly decreased in model group. Compared with model group, the swimming time was obviously shortened and the number of mistakes was obviously reduced at different time, the activities of AChE were significantly decreased and the activities of ChAT were significantly enhanced in Dipsacus group and positive control group; Compared with positive control group, the swimming time and the number of mistakes at different time and the activities of AChE and ChAT had no significant difference in Dipsacus group.

CONCLUSIONDipsacus total saponins can improve the ability of learning and memory in Alzheimer' s disease(AD) rats, its mechanism of 'action may be related to regulating ACh metabolism of hippocampus.

Acetylcholine ; metabolism ; Acetylcholinesterase ; metabolism ; Alzheimer Disease ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Animals ; Choline O-Acetyltransferase ; metabolism ; Dipsacaceae ; chemistry ; Disease Models, Animal ; Hippocampus ; drug effects ; Learning ; drug effects ; Memory ; drug effects ; Rats ; Saponins ; pharmacology

Objective: To study the relationship between anthropometric indices and type 2 diabetes mellitus/impaired glucose tolerance (DM/IGT) in the elderly. Methods: This research included 537 people (416 males and 121 females, aged 65-85 years) undergoing medical examination in Shanghai in 2004. The body mass index (BMI), waist to hip ratio (WHR) and waist circumference (WC) were measured and their relationship with DM/IGT was analyzed. Logistic regression analysis and area under curve (AUC) of receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) were used to study the predictive value of BMI, WHR and WC. Results: Except for the WHR in females, BMI, WC and WHR were higher in all subjects with DM/IGT than those without DM/IGT. The prevalences of DM/IGT in all subjects with high BMI (≥.25 kg/m2), WC(≥90 cm) and WHR (≥0.9) were also significantly higher than those with low BMI, WC and WHR, except for that of the WHR in females. After adjusted by age, physical activity and the family history of DM, multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that WHR was the most important predictive factor for IGT/DM in males and the same was true for BMI in females. ROC analysis showed that the AUC of WHR was the highest in the males and of BMI in the females. Conclusion: Obesity is correlated with DM/IGT in the elderly. WHR and BMI are satisfactory predictive indicators and have higher predictive accuracy for DM/IGT in elderly males and females, respectively.

Objective: To observe the clinical effects of pediatric tuina plus Chinese medicine for exogenous fever in children. Methods: A total of 150 children withexogenous fever were randomly divided based on the random digital table into a control group (75 cases) and a treatment group (75 cases). The control group was treated with oral Xiao'er Chaigui Tuire Keli (<1 year old, 0.5 bag/time; 1-3 years old, 1 bag/time; 4-6 years old, 1.5 bags/time), 4 times/day. The treatment group was treated with pediatric tuina plus the intervention of the control group. The amount and usage of Chinese medicine were the same as those of the control group; tuina was conducted 1 time/day. The clinical effects and adverse reactions were observed after 3 d of treatment in both groups. The recurrence was observed within 7 d after the end of treatment. Results: The total effective rate was 92.0％ in the treatment group and 81.3％ in the control group. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). There were no obvious adverse reactions in the two groups after treatment. The recurrence rate was 1.5％ in the treatment group and 13.1％ in the control group. The difference in the recurrence rate between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Pediatric tuina plus Chinese medicine is effective in treating children with exogenous fever.

Adult ; Esophagus ; surgery ; Female ; Foreign Bodies ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neck ; surgery

Objective To compare in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer( IVF-ET ) outcome of gonadotropin-releasing hormone( GnRH ) antagonist protocol and GnRH agonist long protocol in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome ( PCOS)and to provide reference for rational selection of ovulation stimulation protocol for PCOS patients. Methods One hundred and four patients with PCOS who underwent IVF-ET were randomly divided into two groups. In the study group,41 patients were subjected to the GnRH antagonist protocol;In the control group,63 patients were subjected to a long protocol of GnRH agonist. Doses and duration of gonadotropin therapy,the thickness of endometrium and the profile of hormone level on the day of HCG administration,the number of retrieved oocytes,the ratio of fertilization,the ratio of cleavage,the ratio of the good quantity embryos,implantation rate of embryo,pregnancy rate,the cycle cancellation rate and the incidence rate of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome( OHSS)were recorded. Results The IVF-ET outcome of the two groups was similar with respects to the number of oocytes,the ratio of fertilization,the ratio of cleavage,implantation rate of embryo and the pregnancy rate( P﹥0. 05). Significant differences were found(P﹤0. 05)between the two groups regarding to the doses and duration of gonadotropin therapy,the levels of serum E2 and LH on the day of HCG administration,and the cycle cancellation rate. The incidence rate of OHSS was not significantly different ( 2. 44% vs. 12. 70%) between the two groups. Conclusion The duration of gonadotropins administration,the cycle cancellation rate,incidence of OHSS and the financial burdern are reduced in patients treated with GnRH antagonist. The growth of follicle,the ratio of fertilization,the ratio of cleavage,implantation rate of embryo and the pregnancy rate are not different between the two methods. The GnRH antagonist protocol is optimal for patients with PCOS.

BACKGROUND:The number of patients in need of organ transplantation in China is increased by more than 10%per year. Due to the lack of voluntary donations, China is facing a more severe donor shortage than other countries. What are the specific reasons for the shortage of donor organs in China? What is the attitude toward organ donation in Chinese citizens? What factors are affecting the implementation of organ donation in Chinese citizens?
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the influence of traditional Chinese ideas on the wil ing of Chinese citizens toward organ donation after death.
METHODS:By random cluster sampling, 900 persons selected from different social classes as research objects received questionnaire survey. Self-made questionnaire consisted of cognition, attitude and behavior of the public in face of organ donation.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) 55.16%of persons thought that the main purpose of organ donation was to help others, 24.22%thought that the main purpose of organ donation was a manifestation of social morality, 11.94%thought that organ donation was the continuation of their lives. (2) There were 70.00%who said donations should be used for the cause of organ transplantation, in order to save more lives, and the average score was 2.53 points;while the number of persons who proposed donor organs would be applied in medical teaching was similar to that in pathological anatomy, and the average score was 1.72 and 1.75, respectively. (3) 65.01%of the public supported cardiopulmonary death standard to judge death, 24.33%supported brain death standard to judge death, and moreover, 10.66%of people did not know what to take. (4) 50.52%of people thought that the main factors affecting the organ donation was traditional Chinese culture and ideas, fol owed by the donation program and family feelings. The study found that traditional Chinese culture and ideas are the main factor affecting organ donation in the public, most people think that cardiopulmonary death standard is better to judge death and that the main purpose of organ donation is to help others that organ donation should be applied firstly to organ transplantation in order to save more lives.

Objective To explore the cause and effective management and prevention of septic shock after minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy (MPCNL) in the elderly.Methods Clinical data of 13 patients with septic shock after MPCNL in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed,and the cause,prevention and treatment of septic shock were investigated.Results The incidence of septic shock in patients undergoing MPCNL was 3.54％ in this study.Single-factor analysis and logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors for post-MPCNL septic shock were female and the history of diabetes (both P＜0.05).Conclusions Septic shock is a serious complication after MPCNL.Intensive perioperative prevention measures can reduce the incidence of septic shock.Early diagnosis and proper treatment are the keys to successful treatment of septic shock.

Restenosis is the major causee which leads to arterial occlusion and graft failure after vascular reconstruction.Thus to clarif the mechanism of restenosis is of great importance to prevent and treat postprocedural restenosis and improve long-term graft patency.Current studies on restenosis focus on elastic recoil,thrombosis,inflammatory reaction,neointimal hyperplasia and vascular remodeling,herein,we reviewed literatures.

Objective To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis ( CVST) in early pregnancy.Methods The clinical data of 4 patients with CVST in early pregnancy were analyzed retrospectively.Results The age of the 4 patients with CVST during early pregnancy was 22 -28 years old.The clinical symptom was headache, and 1 case with seizure.The clinical sign was papilledema.The MRI and MRV examination showed that the superior sagittal sinus thrombosis in 1 case, the superior sagittal sinus and left transverse sinus thrombosis in 1 case, and the left transverse sinus and sigmoid sinus thrombosis in 2 cases.The patients were received anticoagulant therapy with low molecular weight heparin, 1 case was added endovascular thrombolytic therapy.After therapy, 2 cases were cured, and 2 cases improved.Conclusions CVST in early pregnancy is easy to be misdiagnosed.MRI and MRV are helpful to diagnose it.The mainly therapies are endovascular thrombolysis and anticoagulation therapy with low molecular weight heparin.

ARDS is a type of acute diffuse lung injury, characterized by inflammation leading to increased pulmonary vascular permeability and loss of aerated lung tissue, the clinical manifestations are refractory hypoxia, progressive respiratory distress and non cardiac pulmonary edema.ARDS mortality rate is very high, especially in patients with severe ARDS, about 27%-45%. In order to improve diagnostic specificity, a revised definition was published in JAMA in 2012, but no new biomarkers or parameters were adopted.Along with the progress in understanding the pathophysiology of ARDS, a variety of humoral factors by inflammation and molecules derived from injured tissues or activated cells may be potential biomarkers for clinical.