Objective To explore the pathologic feature of children with kidney disease.Methods A retrospective analysis on renal bio-psy findings in 246 cases of children patients.Pathological classification was made according to the modified WHO criteria of 1995 for renal pathology.Results Of the 246 children,104 cases were diagnosed as primary glomerulonephritis,accounting for 42.28% of the total cases,136 cases as secondary glomerulonephritis,accounting for 42.28%,3 cases as hereditary nephritis,accounting for 1.22%,and 3 cases as unclassified renal disease,accounting for 1.22%.In primary glomerulonephritis,66 cases were diagnosed as nephrotic syndrome,23 cases as persistent glomeruloneplritis,8 cases as acute nephritis syndrome,3 cases as chronic nephritis syndrome,2 cases as isolated proteinuria,1 case as rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis,1 case as isolated hematuria.IgA nephropathy was the most frequent pathological type,accounting for 15.85%(39 cases),followed by mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis,minimal change disease,endocapillary proliferative glomerulinephritis,IgM nephropathy,membranous nephropathy,focal segmental glomerulosclerosis,and minor lesion nephropathy.In secondary glomerulonephritis,Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis accounting for 48.37%(119 cases),followed by hepatitis B virus associated nephritis(11 cases) and lupus nephritis(6 cases).In hereditary nephritis,there were 2 cases with thin glomerular basement disease and 1 case with Alport syndrome.Conclusions Among the 246 cases of renal biopsy data,the secondary glomerulonephritis,especially Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis,is more common than primary glomerulonephritis.In primary glomerular diseases,IgA nephropathy is the most frequent pathological type.

OBJECTIVETo elucidate the necessary and research of accelerating basic research of Chinese standard pieces as standard materials.

METHODAccording to over 10 years accumulated experience and be keenly aware of the author, the evaluation method of standardized processing technology and Chinese pieces quality, aimed at consummated the standard material of the quality evaluation of Chinese herbal pieces at the current situation, and inaccordance with the need of improving quality standard system of Chinese herbal pieces, illustrate the necessity of accelerating basic research of Chinese standard pieces as standard materials; from the technical specification for collecting and processing of raw materials, and the technical specification, homogenized sample, packaging, storage and etc., for processing of candidate standard pieces, determine the methods and steps of technical specifications for standard pieces as the standard substance, determine the methods and steps of technical specifications for standard pieces as the standard substance.

RESULT AND CONCLUSIONTo speed up the basic research of standard of Chinese medicine pieces as of standard material is very necessary. The research objective is to specificate the processing technical for a number of standard pieces, to identify technical specifications and to ascertain the guiding principle and technical specification of decoction pieces as standard substance. This research will provide basic scientific data relevant national departments to apply for the accreditation of the standard substance.

Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Silicosis ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Talc ; adverse effects

Objective To investigate the effects of dibutylphthalate (DBP) on the proliferation and apoptosis of HL-60 leukemic cells and to study its mechanism to purge leukemic cells.Methods The effects of DBP on proliferation of HL-60 leukemic cells were measured by cell culture method. The effects on apoptosis were measured by the percentage of the apoptotic cells in morphology and of the DNA fragmentation and by DNA gel electrophoresis. The intracellular free Ca~(2+) concentration ([Ca~(2+)]i) of leukemic cells were measured by Fura-2AM method. The protein expressions of c-myc and bcl-2 genes of leukemic cells were measured by immunohistochemical assay.Results DBP could suppress the proliferation of HL-60 leukemic cells in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner and induce them to die via apoptosis.It could elicit a intracellular Ca~(2+) redistribution and a potent extracellular calcium influx. It also down-regulated the protein expressions of c-myc and bcl-2 genes of HL-60 leukemic cells.Conclusion DBP can purge (HL-60) leukemic cells in vitro by increasing [Ca~(2+)]i of cells to initiate apoptosis and down-regulating bcl-2 and c-myc proto-gene expressions to promote cell apoptosis.

Objective To evaluate the effect of propofol on noise-induced hearing loss in guinea pigs.Methods Forty-eight healthy adult male guinea pigs,aged 3 months,weighing 400-500 g,were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =12 each) using a random number table:control grotup (C group),propofol group (P group),noise-induced hearing loss group (N group),and propofol + noise-induced hearing loss group (P + N group).A loading dose of propofol 5 mg/kg was infused intravenously over 5 min,followed by infusion at 20 mg· kg-1 · h-1 for 115 min in P and P + N groups,while the equal volume of normal saline was given in N group.N and P+ N groups were exposed to the noise of 4 kHz center frequency and 118-122 dB sound pressure level for 120 min.Distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) was measured before noise exposure (T1) and at 1 h after the end of noise exposure (T2) and the amplitudes were recorded at the frequencies of 2,4,6 and 8 kHz.After the second measurement of DPOAE,all the animals were sacrificed and organs of Corti were harvested for determination of cochlear 8-isoprostaglandin F(2alpha) (8-iso-PGF2α) content (by ELISA assay) and out hair cell (OHC) count.The rate of OHC lesions was calculated.Results The DPOAE amplitude was significantly lower at frequencies of 4,6 and 8 kHz at T2 than at T1 in N and P + N groups (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with C group,the DPOAE amplitude was significantly decreased at frequencies of 4,6 and 8 kHz at T2,while the cochlear 8-isoPGF2α content and rate of OHC lesions were increased in N and P + N groups (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with N group,the DPOAE amplitude was significantly increased at frequencies of 4,6 and 8 kHz at T2,while the cochlear 8-iso-PGF2α content and rate of OHC lesion were decreased in P + N group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Propofol can reduce noise-induced hearing loss in guinea pigs possibility through decreasing oxidative stress response-induced damage to cochlear OHCs.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of sevoflurane on the brain against focal ischemia-reperfusion(I/R)injury and its mechanism.Methods Twenty-four male SD rats weighing 250-300 g were randomly allocated into 3 groups(n=8 each):group Ⅰ sham operation;grouop Ⅱ I/R and group Ⅲ I/R + sevoflurane.The rats were anesthetized with intraperitoneal chloral hydrate 300 mg?kg~(-1).Middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO)was produced by insertion of a 4-0 mono-filament nylon thread with rounded tip at bifurcation of right common carotid artery into internal carotid artery.The nylon thread was advanced cranially until resistance was felt.The depth of insertion was 18-20 mm.After 3 h MCAO the thread was withdrawn to allow reperfusion.In group Ⅲ the animals inhaled 1.0 MAC sevoflurane for 30 min at 30 min before reperfusion.The rectal temperature of the animals was kept at 36.5-37.5℃.At the end of 24 h reperfusion the animals were weighed again.The animals'neurological deficit was evaluated using Zea Longa score(0=no defcit,4=unable to walk and unconscious).The animals were then killed.The neuronal apoptosis in striatum was assessed(TUNEL)and the PKC protein expression in striatum was determined by immunocyto-chemistry.Results The body weight of the animals in I/R group was significantly reduced after 24h reperfusion as compared to the body weight before ischemia (P＜0.01),while in control group and sevoflurane group there was no significant difference in the body weight before and after sham operation or I/R.The neurological deficit scores were significantly higher in I/R group than in sevoflurane group.The number of apoptotic neurons in striatum was significantly higher in I/R group than in sevoflurane group.The PKC expression in striatum was significantly higher in sevoflurane group than in I/R group (P＜0.01).Conclusion 1.0 MAC sevoflurane inhalation has protective effect on the brain against I/R injury. Upregulation of PKC expression in striatum decreased by I/R is involved in the mechanism.

To control the quality of Maca, the quality standard was established in this study. According to the methods recorded in the Appendix of Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2010 Edition), the water, extract, total ash, acid insoluble substance, and heavy metals inspections in Lepidium meyenii were carried out. N-benzyl-9Z, 12Z-octadecadienamide in L. meyenii was identified by TLC, and it was determined by HPLC. The results showed that the N-benzyl-9Z, 12Z-octadecadienamide identification of TLC was a strong mark and specificity. In content determination experiment, the linearity of N-benzyl-9Z, 12Z-octadecadienamide was in the range of 0.01-2 microg (r = 0.9998), and the average recovery (n=9) was 99.27% (RSD 2.0%). The methods were simple, accurate, with good reproducibility. It is suitable for quality control L. meyenii.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Chromatography, Thin Layer ; methods ; Lepidium ; chemistry ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry

0.05),higher rate of maternal mortality and perinatal mortality(P

To survey the serum uric acid (SUA) levels and associated risk factors of hyperuricemia among youth and middle-aged residents in Guangzhou.A total of 1420 subjects,aged from 20 to 60 years,receiving health check-up at our hospital in 2010 were enrolled.The total prevalence of hyperuricemia was 22.04％,32.01％ in males and 14.07％ in females.The average SUA was (388 ±78) μmol/L in males and (288 ± 63) μ mol/L in females.The prevalence of hyperuricemia in males was 30.11％ before 40 years of age and 33.81％ between 40 and 60 years of age.The average level of SUA in males was significantly higher than that of females.logistic regression analysis showed that BUN,body mass index (BMI) and hypertriglyceridemia were the independent risk factors of disease while HDL-C and gender (females) the protective factors.

Objective To compare the effects of antenatal Dexamethasone and Betamethasone application in pregnant rats on development of brain in offspring premature rats.Methods Fifteen pregnant rats were randomly assigned to 5 groups(n=3):1-day Dexamethasone and Betamethasone group[0.2 mg/(kg?d),1 d],3-day Dexamethasone and Betamethasone group[0.2 mg/(kg?d),3 d] and control group.The body and whole brain weight of offspring rats from pregnant rats being killed in different groups were examined on the 19th day of embryo.Meanwhile the expression of neuron specific enolase(NSE) in brain of offspring rat was measured by immunohistochemical staining.Results Compared with control group,the body and whole brain weight,the ratio of the brain and the body weight,the expression of NSE of fetal rat in cortex and hippocampi were significantly decreased in the Dexamethasone and Betamethasone treatment groups except in 1-day betamethasone group(Pa