OBJECTIVETo establish the analytical method for the release kinetic (RK) of Aconitum Brachypodum gel based on the nonlinear mixed effect model (NLMEM), in order to rationally evaluate the drug release process and explain the release mechanism.

METHODThe zero-order kinetic model containing for non-corroded drug system with the random effect was taken as the base model. The fixed effect and random effect factors impacting the drug release were analyzed by PROC NLMIXED of SAS to establish the final typical model. Subsequently, 10 training subsets were randomly extracted from the primary data to respectively their RK models, calculate the corresponding predicted root-mean-square error and average relative error, and evaluate the model stability and prediction accuracy.

RESULTThe burst effect F0 had a very significant effect on the RK model. Among the component factors, carbopol 940 showed an obvious effect on the inherence release speed constant k0 and the concentration gradient change constant a, with different variations on the basis of dosage range. The random effect factors of k0 and a had a significant impact. The final RK model was proved to be stable, effective and reliable in the cross validation.

CONCLUSIONThe drug release kinetic analysis method could be used to rationally evaluate the drug release process and explain the release mechanisms.

Objective To explore the association between C reactive protein (CRP)with prostatic cancer (PCa)and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).Methods Retrospective analysis the 110 patients of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University In January 2010 to August 2012 whose TPSA>4 ng/ml,postoperative pathology confirmed the diagnosis of 54 cases of prostate cancer,5 6 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia.Detected serum CRP levels by using transmission turbidim-etry and TPSA levels by using chemiluminescence immunoassay of 54 PCa and 56 BPH patients.According to the Gleason score,PCa patients were divided into high-risk and low-risk PCa two groups,the differences among high-risk PCa,low-risk PCa and BPH groups were analyzed by nonparametric statistics analysis.Results The CRP level of high-risk PCa was 4.20~2.12 mg/L,the CRP level of low-risk PCa was 1.90~0.91 mg/L and the CRP levels in BNP patients was 1.49±0.87 mg/L,the high-risk and low-risk PCa serum CRP level obviously higher than that of patients with BPH,the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion Serum CRP levels of PCa patients were increased significantly,espe-cially in high-risk PCa patients.

Phosphatidylserine (PS) is a phospholipid that is abundant in eukaryotic plasma membranes,has crucial biological functions.Under cell apoptosis, cells can not generate enough ATP for energy and the concentration of cytoplasmic Ca 2 +increases, resulting in PS eversion.Apoptosis and the clearance of apoptotic cells are essential processes in animal development and homeostasis.For apoptotic cells to be cleared, they must display aneat me signal, most likely PS exposure, which prompts phagocytes to engulf the cells.PS is exposed by the action of scramblase on the cell's surface in biological processes such as apoptosis and platelet activation.Once exposed to the cell surface, PS acts as an eat me signal on dead cells, and creates a scaffold for blood-clotting factors on activated platelets.The molecular identities of the flippase and scramblase that work at plasma membranes have long eluded researchers.Indeed, their identity as well as the mechanism of the PS exposure to the cell surface has only recently been revealed.We describe how PS is exposed in activated platelets and in apoptotic cells, and discuss the clearance of apoptotic cells.

In recent years, with the rapid development of antitumor targeted drug therapy, the preparation of antitumor liposomes and its targeting research have attracted attention of scholars. Anti-tumor targeted drug treatment requires the drug to reach the tumor site has a relatively high concentration and longer retention time, the tumor cells have a strong cytotoxic activity, while normal cells no significant side effects.The drug has an in vivo distribution and specificity for the target fine action.The preparation methods of liposomes include film dispersion method,reverse evaporation method,ethanol injection method,supercritical reverse phase evaporation method and freeze-drying method. Antitumor targeting liposomes can be divided into active targeting liposomes and passive targeting liposomes. Targeted liposomes can specifically target tumor cells by recognizing specific targets in the tumor tissue,thus enriching tumor cells and killing tumor cells. In this paper,the preparation of anti-tumor liposomes and the progress of its targeting,for future study and application of liposomes provide a reference.

In this study we implanted magnetically labeled neural stem cells (NSCs) in PD rats and then monitored their survival and migration in the host brain by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The mesencephalic NSCs were obtained from the brain of SD rats. Superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) was transferred to NSCs by Lipofectamine transfection. Eighteen PD lesioned rats were selected for transplantation by evaluation of their rotational behavior in response to amphetamine and randomly assigned to 3 groups, i.e., sham group, PBS group and NSCs transplanted group, with 6 rats in each group. MR scanning was performed at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 week(s) following transplantation. At the meantime, rotational behavior was assessed in each group. Our results showed that SPIO particles were clearly visible with Prissian blue staining in neurospheres and cells derived from NSCs. The rotational behavior of the NSCs transplanted group was remarkably improved compared with that of sham group and PBS group (P < 0.05). In vivo MR tracking of NSCs showed that SPIO labeling led to a strong susceptibility change of signal 1 week after transplantation on T2 weighted images. And a large circular hypointense signal appeared in the transplanted area on T2* gradient echo images. Ten weeks following transplantation, the hypointense signal on T2 weighted and T2* gradient echo images was still displayed. It is concluded that SPIO particles could label NSCs effectively, and MRI detection of SPIO labeled cells is a promising method and novel approach to analyzing the NSCs following transplantation in the treatment of PD.

Phosphate-dissolving microorganisms are widely distributed in soil, rhizosphere and other ecological environment. Understanding the characteristics of these microorganisms in solubilizing phosphates is helpful to apply them in improving P use efficiency. The obtained results indicated that the fungi had much higher capacity to dissolve the rock than the bacteria. Existence of Fe, Al, Mg and Na in the culture media reduced the rock solubilization by the bacteria, but increased the solubilization of the fungi. The higher content of the rock in the media, the lower capacity of the rock phosphate solubilization was found. The capacity was also significantly reduced if the concentration of C material in the media was higher than 3%. It was also found that the microorganisms destroyed the rock structure. The P was more easily released from the rock at further incubation. In conclusion, there is some potential to utilize the microorganisms to activate the rock phosphate.

Objective To delineate the potency of YC-1 on the proliferation,apoptosis,cell cycle and the protein expression of Caspase-3,-8,-9 in U937 and THP-1 leukemia cell lines.Methods MTT assay was performed to detect proliferation.Flow cytometry was used to measure the apoptosis and cell cycle.The expression of Caspase-3,-8 and-9 were detected by Western blot.Results The MTT assay showed that cell proliferation was inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner in 1.0,3.0,10.0 μmol/L YC-l-treated U937 and THP-1 cells.The survival rates for YC-1 after 24 h in U937 cells were (76.5±4.4) ％,(68.7±6.8) ％,(60.9±13.2) ％ respectively and (94.1±1.4) ％,(81.4±2.0) ％,(72.7±3.0) ％ respectively in THP-1 cell,compared with the control group (100 ％),there were significant differences (F =15.870,126.629,P ＜ 0.01).The apoptosis rates for 1.0,3.0,10.0 μmol/L YC-1 after 24 h were (40.7±1.0) ％,(55.6±2.3) ％,(71.8±1.5) ％respectively in U937 cells and (34.6±2.0) ％,(50.3±3.5) ％,(59.6±4.6) ％ respectively in THP-1 cells.With the control group (4.7±1.4) ％,(1.8±1.0) ％,there were significant difference (F =937.229,200.447,P ＜ 0.01).However,there was no significant difference for cell cycle.In addition,Cleaved Caspase-8 and Cleaved Caspase-3 expression after 1.0,3.0,10.0 μmol/L YC-1 treated for 24 h were significantly higher than control,but the expression of Caspase-9 did not appear significant change in U937 cells.As the same concentration and time point,Cleaved Caspase-3 expression increased with no change of Caspase-9 or Caspase-8 in THP-1 cells.Conclusion YC-1 effectively suppress the proliferation with little effect on cell cycle,but induce the apoptosis,have no effect on cell cycle,and the mechanism of apoptosis may be related to the Caspase activation in U937 and THP-1 cell lines.

Cestode Infections ; parasitology ; Humans ; Infant ; Male

Objective To explore the effect of transtheoretical model-based(TTM) health education on the self-management of the patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Methods 100 patients of COPD were divided into the experimental group and the control group randomly,50 cases in each group.The patients in the control group received routine health education,while the patients in the experimental group received TTM education.All the patients were investigated with the self-management scale at baseline and 4,12 and 24 weeks after discharge.Results After the intervention,the scores of self-management in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group,the difference was statistically significant.Conclusions TTM health education can improve the self-management skills in patients with COPD.