Aims To synthesize acetylated low molecu-lar weight heparin( ALMWH) and to detect its physico-chemical properties and antineoplastic activity. Meth-ods LMWH was prepared by degradation of UFH with sodium periodate oxidation and sodium borohydride re-duction, then the LMWH was acetylated by acetic an-hydride where N, N′, -dicyclohexylcarbodiimide ( DCC ) and 4-dimethylaminopyridine ( DMAP ) were used as catalysts. X-ray diffraction(XRD)and Differ-ential Scanning Calorimetry ( DSC ) of ALMWH were obtained. The antiproliferative activity and anti-inva-sive activity were determined on MDA-MB-231 and MCE-7 human breast cancer cells. Results XRD a-nalysis showed that the LMWH degraded from UFH and ALMWH synthesized by acetylation of LMWH be-longed to amorphous structure, however, their DSC curves were significantly different. Compared with LM-WH, ALMWH had more powerful capacity for binding water and lowering anticoagulant activity, more signifi-cantly ALMWH exhibited stranger anti-proliferative and anti-invasive activity than LMWH, especially when it was used in low concentrations. Conclusion The syn-thesized ALMWH possesses a low anticoagulant activi-ty, certain anti-proliferative, anti-invasive and anti-metastatic activity. This study provides a basic method for screening of antineoplastic drug with low toxicity.

Background and purpose:A pressing obstacle in clinical chemotherapy is drug resistance in breast cancer.A nano-delivery system,which has many advantages as a drug carrier,such as carrying anticancer drugs,can be used effectively to overcome drug resistance in tumors.This paper examined a new nano-delivery system,called calcium phosphate and glycerophosphocholine-mPEG(CAP/GPC-MPEG)composite nanoparticle and its influence on the cellular drug uptake of BCRP-over expressing mitoxantrone(MIT)-resistant breast cancer cell MCF-7/MIT.This paper will also examine its effect on overcoming drug resistance in the MCF-7/MIT cells.Methods:After the calcium phosphate and GPC-mPEG composite nanoparticles were designed and prepared,the entrapment efficiency and in vitro drug release of mitoxantrone-loaded nanoparticles were investigated.Quantitative comparisons were made between cellular uptake of drug-loaded nanoparticles and free drugs.Finally,a confocal laser scanning microscopy Was used to compare the subcellular distribution of drug-loaded nanoparticles and the free drugs.Results:Calcium phosphate and GPC-mPEG composite nanoparticles were nanoporous spherical particles with diameters between 50-100 mn.The MIT-loaded nanoparticles have an entrapment efficiency of(89.45±0.05)%.Although the drug-loaded nanoparticles showed an initial burst of drug release,it was followed by a more sustained release.The concentration of mitoxantrone was 1.89 times treated with MIT-loaded nanoparticles for 1 h compared to that treated with free mitoxantrone for 1 h in MCF-7/MIT cells.and which was 2.33 times in MCF-7 cells.Fluorescent red mitoxantrone appeared in the cytoplasm and nucleus of the MCF-7 and MCF-7,MIT cells treated with MlT-loaded nanoparticles whereas it is almost undetected in both cells treated with free mitoxantrone.Conclusion:Calcium phosphate and GPC-mPEG composite nanoparticles Can promote the cellular uptake and entering of mitoxantrone to the nucleus in MCF-7 and its corresponding BCRP-over expressing MIT-resistant MCF-7/MIT breast cancer cell lines.This nanoparticle is a potential nano-carrier for overcoming drug resistance in tumors.

ObjectiveTo share the experience of arterial plasty and reconstruction of variant arteries in living donor liver transplantation. MethodsFrom September 2006 to May 2010, 73 living donor liver grafts (64 cases using the right lobe,9 cases using left lobe) were used in patients with end-stage liver disease. The hepatic arteries were evaluated preoperatively with computed tomography and magnetic resonance angiography. Back-table arterial plasty was performed under a microscope or a loupe according to arterial variation. We described technical points based on anatomic variations. There were 13 (17. 8 ％) liver grafts with anatomic hepatic arterial variations and all of these cases were subjected to back-table reconstruction with interrupted 8-0 or 9-0 nonabsorbable nylon monofilament sutures according to the diameter of artery. ResultsIn 3 cases, the associate right hepatic arteries that were arisen from superior esenteric arteris (SMA) were reconstructed to cystic arteries. In 2 cases with the associate right hepatic arteries arisen from the abdominal trunk, the right hepatic arteries and associate right hepatic arteries of donors were anastomosed with right hepatic arteries and left hepatic arteries in recipients respectively. In 2 donors, hepatic arteries had branches, which were reconstructed. All of the arterial plasty were conducted on a back table. No arterial thrombosis was found during a postoperative follow-up period of 6 months. ConclusionLive donor liver transplantation using the right lobe with hepatic artery variation can be performed safely, but there is a potential operative risk of severe complication after transplantation. Tominimize operative difficulties and complications, back-table reconstruction should be applied and proper treatment is given according to individual situations to ensure a safe and satisfactory outcome

Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in the aetiology of sporadic Parkinson's disease but its role in the disease mechanism remains unclear.To investigate the effect of synuclein on mitochondrial dysfunction induced by rotenone.The human dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells were used as a cell model.The cells over-expressed the wild-type ?-synuclein were treated with complex I inhibitor rotenone.The cell viability,complex I activity,Mitochondrial swelling and O2-content were tested at different time point-1w,2w,4w after rotenone treated.CCK-8 test results showed that the cell viability of overexpressed ?-synuclein(SH-SY5Y-Syn)was much lower than the control group(SH-SY5Y-Ctr).After administrating with rotenone about 1w or 2w the cell viability of SH-SY5Y-Syn became higher than that of SH-SY5Y-Ctr.On the 4th week the results were contrary to the first 2 weeks.Similar results were got when test the mitochondrial function.In the first 2 weeks after roteoone administrating,the mitochondrial function of SH-SY5Y-Syn was better than that of SH-SY5Y-Ctr.This suggest that the ?-synuclein could protect the mitochondrial against the injury induced by rotenone in the early stage-1w,2w,while this effect disappeared in the final stage-4w.

OBJECTIVETo study whether hypoalbuminemia after pediatric cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) for cardiac surgery is a risk factor for postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI).

METHODSA retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 1 110 children who underwent CPB surgery between 2012 and 2016. According to the minimum serum albumin within 48 hours postoperatively, these patients were divided into hypoalbuminemia group (≤35 g/L) and normal albumin group (>35 g/L). The two groups were compared in terms of perioperative data and the incidence of AKI. Furthermore, the incidence of AKI was compared again after propensity score matching for the unbalanced factors during the perioperative period. The perioperative risk factors for postoperative AKI were analyzed by logistic regression.

RESULTSThe overall incidence rate of postoperative AKI was 13.78% (153/1 110), and the mortality rate was 2.52% (28/1 110). The mortality rate of children with AKI was 13.1% (20/153). The patients with hypoalbuminemia after surgery (≤35 g/L) accounted for 44.50% (494/1 110). Before and after propensity score matching, the hypoalbuminemia group had a significantly higher incidence of AKI than the normal albumin group (P<0.05). The children with AKI had a significantly lower serum albumin level after surgery than those without AKI (P<0.05). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed albumin ≤35 g/L was one of the independent risk factors for postoperative AKI.

CONCLUSIONSAlbumin ≤35 g/L within 48 hours postoperatively is an independent risk factor for postoperative AKI in children after CPB surgery.

Acute Kidney Injury ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Adolescent ; Cardiopulmonary Bypass ; adverse effects ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Heart Diseases ; surgery ; Humans ; Hypoalbuminemia ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Perioperative Period ; Postoperative Complications ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Propensity Score ; Retrospective Studies

Objective To evaluate the outcome of living donor liver transplantation(LDLT)for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 180 patients,who had received LDLT(n=34)or deceased donor liver transplantation(DDLT,n=146)for HCC,compared overall and recurrence-free survival between LDLT and DDLT,and identified the risk factors of tumor recurrence and prognosis by univariate and multivariate analysis.Results The 5-year overall survival and recurrence-free survival rate were 53 % and 58 %,respectively,in DDLT group,and 60 % and 60 %,respectively,in LDLT group.There was no significant difference in overall (P=0.85)and recurrence-free(P=0.89)survival between these two groups.The tumor recurrence rate was 26.5 % in LDLT group,and 17.8 % in DDLT group,respectively(P=0.25).Multivariate COX regression model analysis identified vascular invasion(relative risk 2.118,95 % confidential interval 1.201-4.353,P=0.032)and tumor beyond UCSF criteria(relative risk 3.490,95 % confidential interval 1.862-8.207,P=0.015)as independent risk factors of tumor recurrence,and tumor beyond UCSF criteria(relative risk 8.573,95 % confidential interval 3.016-18.261,P=0.006)as independent predictors of prognosis.Conclusion LDLT is a safe and effective procedure for patients with HCC,but further studies are required for selection criteria of recipients and higher HCC recurrence rate after LDLT.

50%.The patients were categorized into as:one-,two-, and three-vessels coronary artery disease group.Central aortic SBP and DBP was measured by cathetarization dur- ing angiography of coronary artery and brachial blood pressure was measured using cuff method.Results Periph- eral SBP,PP and ascending aortic SBP,PP,fractional systolic pressure(FSP=SBP/MAP)were increased and as cending aortic fractional diastolic pressure(FDP=DBP/MAP)was reduced when the diseased coronary vessels were increased(P

OBJECTIVETo elucidate the variation in characterizations and genetic evolution of the matrix protein 2 or ion channel protein(M2) genes of avian influenza subtype H5N1 viruses in the boundary region of Yunnan province from 2008 to 2012.

METHODSA total of swab samples were collected from foreign poultry such as the junction between Yunnan and Vietnam, Laos,myanmar and wild birds in boundary region of Yunnan province from 2008 to 2012 and screened by H5N1 subtype-specific multiplex RT-PCR. The M genes of H5N1 virus from the positive samples were amplified by RT-PCR and cloned into pMD18-T vectors for sequencing. The alignment and phylogenetic analysis of M2 genes were performed with sequences of the known reference strains.

RESULTSA total of 71 positive samples were found out of 1240 samples and the positive rate was 5.72%. A total of 14 different M2 sequences were obtained from 30 positive samples and were divided into 3 distinct clades or sub-clades(1.2.1, 1.2.2 and 2) by phylogenetic analysis, 5, 7 and 2, respectively. The M2 genes and Hemagglutinin(HA) genes of H5N1 viruses from the boundary region of Yunnan province had showed different relationship of genetic evolution. The substitution or mutation of key amino acids sites had been found among the domains of epitope, adamantane-resistance, and poultry or human original viral strains.

CONCLUSIONThe M2 genes of H5N1 subtype viruses in boundary region of Yunnan province from 2008 to 2012 showed genetic divergence and the virus of clade 1.2.2 had become dominant epidemic strain in this region.

Animals ; Birds ; virology ; Chickens ; virology ; China ; Evolution, Molecular ; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype ; classification ; genetics ; Influenza in Birds ; virology ; Phylogeny ; Poultry ; virology ; Viral Matrix Proteins ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo compare the pituitary down-regulatory effects of the two gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists Alarelin and Triptorelin in the long protocol of ovulation induction in in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET).

METHODSWe included in this study 122 patients aged 24-39 years treated by IVF-ET for secondary infertility, with 10-20 pre-antral follicles and obstruction of the fallopian tube. Seventy-eight of them received Alarelin, and the other 44 Triptorelin. Comparative analyses were made on the pituitary down-regulatory effects of the two gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists and the clinical outcomes of IVF-ET.

RESULTSNo premature LH surge and ovulation, nor severe hyperovarian stimulation syndrome was found in either group. There were no significant differences between the two groups in the mean dose and duration of gonodatropin treatment, the numbers of oocytes retrieved, mature oocytes and top-quality embryos, and the rates of 2PN, multi-sperm fertilization, cleavage, embryo transfer, embryo implantation, clinical pregnancy and early miscarriage (P > 0.05), but the rate of cancelled cycles was significantly higher in the Triptorelin than in the Alarelin group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONAlarelin and Triptorelin can achieve similar pituitary down-regulatory effects and clinical outcomes in IVF-ET when used in the long protocol of ovulation induction.

Adult ; Embryo Transfer ; methods ; Female ; Fertilization in Vitro ; methods ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone ; agonists ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Infertility, Female ; therapy ; Ovulation Induction ; methods ; Pituitary Gland ; drug effects ; Triptorelin Pamoate ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of intestinal microflora alteration on specific and nonspecific immune function and hematopoietic function of mice.

METHODSSixty BALB/C mice were divided at random into two groups, experimental group and control group, with 30 mice in each. The mice in the experimental group were given kanamycin 50 mg while those in the control group were given distilled water intragastrically everyday for consecutive 10 days. After the 10 day treatment all the mice were sacrificed, and the cecal contents were collected for quantitative analysis of the intestinal bacterial flora. Certain indexes of immune function, including phagocytosis rate of macrophages, number of T lymphocytes positively stained by esterase and serum interleukin 2 (IL-2) content, and the weight of the spleen, granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor etc. as indexes of hematopoietic function were determined.

RESULTSIn the group, the quantity of Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococcus, Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus were significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.01). The number of PFC (plaque forming cells), the phagocytosis rate of macrophage, the number of T lymphocytes with positive NANE staining, the level of IL-2 significantly decreased when compared with that in the control group (P < 0.01). The weight of the spleen in the experimental group decreased when compared with that in the control group (P < 0.01). Levels of IL-3, GM-CSF, the total number of WBC and the proportion of neutrophil remarkably decreased as compared to that in the control group (P < 0.01). Analysis of the correlations between normal microflora, immunologic and hematopoietic indexes showed that marked positive correlations between the quantity of Bifidobacteria and each immune index including the levels of IL-3 and GM-CSF. There was a positive correlation between IL-2 and IL-3, IL-2 and GM-CSF as well.

CONCLUSIONThe application of antibiotics may cause changes in the structure and quantity of intestinal microflora. The dysbacteriosis may decrease the immune function of organism. The dysbacteriosis may decrease the hemopoietic function. The dysbacteriosis, the decrease in immune and hematopoietic function may affect one another. The balance in microecosystem should be emphasized and antibiotics should be applied rationally to reduce the side effects such as dysbacteriosis.

Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; pharmacology ; Esterases ; biosynthesis ; Feces ; microbiology ; Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor ; analysis ; Interleukin-2 ; blood ; Intestines ; drug effects ; microbiology ; Kanamycin ; pharmacology ; Macrophages ; drug effects ; physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Models, Animal ; Organ Size ; Phagocytosis ; drug effects ; Spleen ; drug effects ; pathology ; T-Lymphocytes ; drug effects ; metabolism