Objective To understand the water quality of centralized water supply in Shanghai and provide the scientific data for further improvement of the health inspection and management of centralized water supply. Methods The management situation of centralized water supply, the water quality of water source, product water and tap water were investigated by using the methods in Analytical Methods for Water and Sanitary Standard for Drinking Water Quality (2001) in Shanghai in 2006. Results The current situation of management of 165 units of centralized water supply including 19 self-supply water plants in Shanghai was satisfactory. The analysis of drinking water showed that COD and total coliform in source water exceeded the standard limit remarkably(the eligible rates were 63.93% and 22.95% respectively), the eligible rates of COD, turbidity and manganese in product water and tap water were 25.45%, 18.18%, 27.88% and 18.06%, 13.89%, 11.81% respectively. Conclusion The results of the present investigation show that in Shanghai the main problems about the water quality are water source contamination by organic pollutants and the undeveloped water treatment.

Objective To learn the status of core competency of cardiovascular specialist nurses in military hospitals in order to supply evidence to establish contrapuntal training protocol.MethodsThe Competency Inventory for Registered Nurse Scale (by LIU Ming) was distributed to investigate the core competency of 156 registered nurses.The data underwent analysis.Results The overall score of core competency level was (3.17±0.69),the highest mean score was the dimension of legal and ethical practice,and the lowest mean score was the dimension of critical thinking and nursing research apititude.the core competency varied with professional title and staffing.Evident difference existed in different dimensions and total scores.Conclusions The overall core competency is at the upper middle level for cardiovascular specialist nurses.They are competent enough to provide healthcare.The cultivation of nurses' critical thinking and nursing research ability should be strengthened.The nursing administrators should carry out pertinent training for nurses according to their different professional levels.

Histocytological Preparation Techniques ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Microscopy, Electron ; methods ; Molecular Biology ; methods ; Staining and Labeling

Objective To observe the effect of resveratrol on arterial remodeling in spontaneous hypertensive rats.Methods Spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHRs, n=20) and Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKYs, n =10) were randomly assigned to three groups: control group, model group and resveratrol group.Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and pulse wave velocity (PWV) of the three groups was observed.Morphological observations were obtained by hematoxylin and eosin or victoria blue and picrosirius red.The content of nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) were determined to assess the endothelial function.Oxidative stress was assessed by malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) , and activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT).Results Compared with control group, SBP, PWV, wall thickness, wall-lumen ratio,vascular cross-sectional area (VCSA), luminal cross-sectional area (LCSA) and collagen-elastic ratio were increased, and the levels of NO, SOD, CAT in rat aortic tissues were decreased, while ET-1,MDA, H2O2 levels in rat aortic tissues were enhanced in model group at the end of 22 weeks.After the treatment of resveratrol, SBP had no significantly difference between model and resveratrol groups, while PWV, aortic wall thickness, wall-lumen ratio, VCSA, LCSA and collagen-elastic ratio were decreased in resveratrol group as compared with model group [(6681.1 ± 2154.9) cm/s vs.(4283.1±946.1) cm/s, (234.7±51.8) μm vs.(123.4±21.5)μm, (10.3±2.3) ％ vs.(5.8±1.4) ％, (6.4±0.4) mm2 vs.(4.8±0.6) mm2, (4.1±0.1) mm2 vs.(3.2±0.4) mm2, (1.1±0.3) vs.(0.4±0.2), P＜0.05 or 0.01].Compared with model group, the expressions of NO, SOD, CAT in rat aortic tissues were increased and levels of ET-1, MDA, H2 O2 in rat aortic tissues were decreased in resveratrol group after treatment of resveratrol (P＜0.01 or P＜0.05).Conclusions Resveratrol has an antioxidant effect, and it could attenuate arterial remodeling by improving oxidative stress.

Objective To investigate influence of hyperlipidemia in parents on plasma lipid level,blood pressure,body mass index(BMI) and waist circumference(WC)of their children.Methods Eighty children whose parents had been with hyperlipidemia(Group A) and 893 children whose parents had been normal plasma lipid levels(Group B) were studied.BMI,systolic pressure(SP),diastolic pressure(DP),WC,plasma triglyceride(TG),cholesterol(CH),high density lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-c),low density lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL-c)of two groups were measured and compared.Results The levels of BMI,TG,TCH,LDL-c,SP,and DP had a increasing trend in group A compared to those of group B.HDL-c in group A had a decreasing trend compared to that of group B.But only the increase of BMI is significant(P

20 was lower than those whose BMI≤20(P

Objective To investigate the changes of thyroid hormones in patients with peripartum car-diomyopathy. Methods Seventy-two patients with peripartum cardiomyopathy were consecutively enrolled and 72 healthy women who had normal delivery were regarded as control. Among all the subjects , free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in the serum and high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) in the plasma were measured. Results The levels of serum FT3 and FT4 in peripartum cardiomyopathy group were significantly higher than those in control group (P < 0.05). And the level of serum TSH in peripartum cardiomyopathy group was significantly low-er than that in control group (P < 0.05). There were 24 cases with hyperthyroidism in peripartum cardiomyopa-thy group while no patient in the control group had hyperthyroidism (P < 0.05). The levels of plasma hs-CRP and IFN-γ in peripartum cardiomyopathy group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P <0.05). And the level of IL-4 in peripartum cardiomyopathy group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusions Serum thyroid hormones elevated in patients with peripartum cardiomyopathy and its mechanism might be related to abnormal immune reaction.

Objective Up to now, there has been no sure cure for genital herpes (GH), and vaccine seems a most promis-ing approach to the prevention and treatment of herpes simplex virus Ⅱ(HSV-2) infection.In this study, we investigated the feasibili-ty of preparing a dendritic cell ( DC) vaccine modified by the adenovirus-mediated HSV-2 gD gene. Methods We subcloned the HSV-2 gD gene into the vector Shuttle-2 and constructed the recombinant adenovirus pAdeno-HSV-2 gD following identification by en-zyme digestion and DNA sequence analysis .We isolated DCs from the mouse bone marrow , analyzed their phenotypes by flow cytome-try after transfection with the recombinant adenovirus pAdeno-HSV-2 gD, and determined the expression of HSV-2 gD by immunohisto-chemistry, RT-PCR, SDS-PAGE, and Western blot. Results Based on HSV-2 DNA, the corresponding target fragments were am-plified with the gD gene primers.Agarose gel electrophoresis showed the correct size of the PCR product (1182 bp) as predicted.The recombinant adenovirus pAdeno-HSV-2 gD was obtained by transfecting the 293 cells with pAdeno-gD DNA, which had an activity of 4 ×1010 IU/mL.The contents of CD40, CD80, and CD86 were (74.2 ±3.9), (73.9 ±4.1), and (76.1 ±5.5) % in the mature DCs and (81.3 ±3.1), (80.4 ±2.9), and (83.7 ±3.9) % in the pAdeno-HSV-2 gD DCs, significantly increased as compared with those in the immature DCs ([9.7 ±0.5], [7.5 ±1.2], and [5.2 ±1.1] %) (P<0.01).No statistically significant differ-ences were found between the expression of the surface molecules in the pAdeno -HSV-2 gD DCs and that in the cytokine stimulation-in-duced mature DCs (P>0.05).RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry confirmed the expression of HSV-2 gD in DCs.SDS-PAGE and Western blot of the expressed protein showed a new band with an apparent molecular mass corresponding to the predicted size (43000). Conclusion The results of our study have paved the ground for the successful preparation and identification of a dendritic cell vaccine modified by the adenovirus-mediated HSV-2 gD gene.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of statin on carotid plaque stability in elderly patients assessed by K trans (the combination of E and F) of dynamic contrast material enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance (DCE MR) imaging.Methods 37 elderly patients with carotid artery of low echo or mixed echo plaque in carotid artery patches were screened by B type ultrasound.According to the standard of 2011 ESC/EAS guidelines,all patients were divided into two groups:normal level of LDL-C group achieving LDL-C target and high level of LDL C group not achieving target of LDLC.Plaque area and size of lipid-rich necrotic core were measured by 3.0T enhancement magnetic resonance,and K trans was measured by DCE-MR dynamic contrast material enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging.and serum hs-C-reactive protein level was detected within 1 week.Results Plaque area,size of lipid-rich necrotic core,ratio of lipoid core over plaque area,K trans and serum level of hs-CRP were less in normal LDL-C level group than in high LDL-C level group [(2.06±0.45) mm2 vs.(3.63±0.62) mm2,(0.52±0.05) mm2 vs.(1.49±0.01) mm2,2 cases (11.8％) vs.14 cases (70.0％),(0.041±0.009) min1 vs.(0.079±0.011) min-1,(1.60±0.27) mmol/L vs.(2.80 ± 0.34),all P＜0.05].Linear regression analysis revealed that there was no significant correlations of K trans with the size of lipid necrotic core (r=0.19,P＞0.05) and hs-CRP (r=0.23,P＞0.05).Conclusions Dynamic contrast material enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is a quantitative method assaying atheromatous plaque components; K trans may be a new indicator to measure the stability of plaques; Statin can stabilize plaques through inhibiting the proliferation of Vasa vasorum in plaque angiogenesis,anti-inflammatory and reducing the size of lipidrich necrotic core.

Objective To evaluate the specific immune response induced by a dendritic cell-based adenovirus-mediated vaccine carrying the herpes simplex virus type 2 glycoprotein D gene (pAdeno-HSV-2 gD-DC) in BALB/c mice.Methods Forty BALB/c mice were equally divided into four groups:blank control group receiving no treatment,pAdeno-DC group immunized with pAdeno-DC,pAdeno-HSV-2 gD-DC group immunized with the previously constructed vaccine pAdeno-HSV-2 gD-DC,DC group immunized with DCs only.Totally,three rounds of vaccination were conducted at a 7-day interval.Ten days after the last vaccination,serum samples were collected and spleen cells were isolated from these mice.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to measure the level of IgG antibody against HSV-2 gD in the serum samples.Some spleen cells were stimulated with HSV-2 gD protein (10 mg/L) for 72 hours; then,ELISA was carried out to determine the levels of interferon (IFN)-γand interleukin (IL)-4 in the supernatant,and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay to estimate the proliferative activity of these cells.The cytotoxicity of spleen cells was also evaluated based on the measurement of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release.Results The serum level of IgG antibody against HSV-2 gD (given in the absorbance value at 450 nm) was 0.313 ± 0.034 in the pAdeno-HSV-2 gD-DC group,significantly higher than that in the pAdeno-DC group,DC group and blank control group (0.034 ± 0.009,0.028 ± 0.009 and 0.026 ± 0.010 respectively,all P ＜ 0.05).Increased proliferative activity and cytotoxicity were observed in spleen cells from the pAdeno-HSV-2 gD-DC group compared with those from the pAdeno-DC group,DC group and blank control group (cell stimulation index:1.600 ± 0.215 vs.1.063 ± 0.070,1.056 ± 0.063 and 1.020 ± 0.051,all P ＜ 0.05; percentage of cytotoxicity:37.1％ vs.16.0％,14.9％ and 15.7％,all P ＜ 0.05).The levels of IFN-γ and IL-4 (both given in the absorbance value at 450 nm) were 0.568 ± 0.031 and 0.544-± 0.043 respectively in the supernatant of spleen cells from the pAdeno-HSV-2 gD-DC group,compared to 0.266 ± 0.021 and 0.278 ± 0.037 respectively in the pAdeno-DC group (bothP＜ 0.05),0.271 ± 0.023 and 0.275 ± 0.044 respectively in the DC group (bothP＜ 0.05),and 0.252 ± 0.012 and 0.245 ± 0.051 respectively in the blank control group (both P＜ 0.05).Conclusion The vaccine pAdenoHSV-2 gD-DC could induce a specific and strong immune response in BALB/c mice.