Objective:To evaluate the prognostic value of post-mastectomy radiation therapy (PMRT) in patients with axillary lymph node-positive breast cancer treated with breast conservation surgery and to establish the candidates for PMRT based on different pN stages and lymph node ratios (LNR). Methods:A retrospective analysis of the clinical data of the patients was conducted. The pa-tients had positive lymph nodes (n=152) between 1998 and 2007 and underwent breast conservation surgery. A comparison of the dis-ease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) rates was conducted based on LNR and pN staging and with PMRT as a prognostic factor. Results:A total of 152 cases were studied, of which 114 were pN1, 23 were pN2, and 15 were pN3. Among these cases, 114 had an LNR ranging from 0.01 to 0.20, 26 had an LNR from 0.21 to 0.65, and 12 had an LNR>0.65. Univariate analysis showed that the number of dissected lymph nodes, LNR, pN stage, estrogen and progesterone receptor status, and radiotherapy were the prognostic fac-tors for DFS and OS rates (P<0.05). Age and chemotherapy were prognostic factors only for OS rate (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis in-dicated that PMRT and LNR were independent prognostic factors of DFS and OS (P<0.05). The pN staging had no significant effect on DFS or OS (P>0.05). In the subgroup analysis, PMRT had significant effect on DFS and OS (P<0.05) in patients with pN1 and LNR<0.21. Conclusion:LNR is an independent prognostic factor in axillary lymph node-positive breast cancer patients treated with breast conservation surgery, and a candidate for PMRT should be established based on different LNR risks.

AIM: To observe the effect of intraocular lens ( IOL) implantation on visual acuity and contrast sensitivity in patients with cataract.
METHODS: Fifty - eight cases ( 72 eyes ) cataract patients with regular cornel astigmatism, in our hospital from May 2014 to May 2015 were randomly divided into two groups to undergo phacoemulsification and IOL implantation: the observation group: 29 cases (36 eyes) received multifocal toric IOL implantation; the control group: 29 cases (36 eyes) received monofocal toric IOL implantation. Uncorrected distance visual acuity ( UCDVA), uncorrected near visual acuity ( UCNVA), best corrected distance visual acuity (BCDVA), the best corrected near visual acuity ( BCNVA ), total eye astigmatism, and the dark contrast sensitivity were observed for these patients at 1 and 6mo after cataract surgery.
RESULTS: There were no statistical significant difference between the two groups at postoperative 1, 6mo on UCDVA, BCNVA, BCDVA and total eye astigmatism(P>0. 05). UCNVA of observation group at 1 and 6mo were better than those of control group ( P <0. 05); there were statistically significant difference in high frequency comparison at the sixth postoperative months (P<0. 05).
CONCLUSION: Both monofocal toric IOL implantation, and aspheric multifocal toric IOL implantation for cataract with regular corneal astigmatism are effective to improve visual acuity. But the latter treatment would contribute to the improvement of uncorrected near visual acuity and the dark contrast sensitivity.

Objective To assess the current status of knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) towards antibiotic use among community residents in Hangzhou, and to explore the correlations among them. Methods A total of 449 permanent residents in Hangzhou were randomly selected using a multistage stratified random sampling method. Self-reported data on basic demographic factors, and relevant KAP information were collected by the questionnaire survey. Differences in KAP scores according to each demographic factor were assessed by the t test or ANOVA test, and AMOS 21.0 was used for the path analysis. Results Scores for knowledge, attitude and practice regarding antibiotic use were (6.17±2.45), (6.45±0.99) and (6.21±1.02) respectively. Results of the path analysis showed that education level and age had effects on the knowledge (coefficients: 0.57 and -0.38 respectively) . Age, gender and knowledge had effects on the attitude (coefficients: -0.27, 0.12 和 0.02 respectively), and attitudes, gender, monthly income and the level of education had effects on the practice (coefficients: 0.48、 0.37、 0.06 and 0.02 respectively) . Conclusion Community residents in Hangzhou lack relevant knowledge, and there are some irrational attitudes and practices regarding antibiotic use. There is a correlation between knowledge and attitudes, as well as between attitudes and practices, but the knowledge and practices are not correlated.

Spermiogenesis is a complex process of differentiation and morphologic alteration, in which sperm acrosome formation is an important stage. Acrosome is an essential component of the sperm head, which develops in four distinct phases: Golgi, cap, acro- somal, and maturation, each supported by precise and orderly regulation of various genes. The regulatory genes which act on Golgi ap- paratus include GOPC, Hrb, SPATA16, PICK1, and CK2α', those involved in the cap phase are Fads2, syntaxin 2, Kdm3a, and UBR7, and participating in acrosomal and maturation phases are KIFC1, Rnf19a, and DPY19L2. The abnormalities of these genes may affect male fertility by influencing the connection of the nuclear dense lamina and acroplaxome with the nuclear membrane and then the fusion and transportation of vesicles. This review focuses on the genes involved in different phases of acrosome formation.
Acrosome ; physiology ; Animals ; Golgi Apparatus ; Male ; Mice ; Sperm Head ; physiology ; Spermatids ; growth & development ; Spermatogenesis ; genetics ; Spermatozoa ; growth & development

Background Oscillatory potentials (OPs) of scotopic electroretinogram (ERG) plays an important role in the evaluation of visual function in multiple retinal diseases.However,the origin of OPs is uncompletely clear.It is essential to analyze the time domain and frequency domain components for the further study of OPs.Objective The present study was to investigate the change characteristics of frequency spectrum of scotopic OPs with age and stimulating intensity.Methods RCS-rdy+-p+rats with the ages of 21,25,32,35,37,46,60,90 days were selected iu this study and 3 rats for each.Scotopic flash ERG were recorded from all the rats with RETI-scan system.Gold-foil ring cornea recording electrode was used as the recording electrode and the steel needle electrode was used as the reference and earth electrode during the record.The intensity of stimulating light was set at-20,-10,-5,0 and 5 dB respectively.Data were output into the computer and processed by the software Matlab7.0.Results The principle frequency corresponding to maximum amplitude component was 80-120 Hz in the various ages of rats under the different stimulating conditions above.With the increase of the intensity of stimulating light,high frequency component (200-250 Hz) began to appear and the amplitudes showed a gradually raise upon the intensity of light.The major component was subdivided into two peaks at 0 dB stimulation.Further,the age affected the major frequency peak with the maximum value at 60-day-old rats and the minimum value at 25-day-old rats.Also,the pass-band width of main amplitude appeared to be maximal at 60-day-old rats and minimal at 25-day-old rats.Conclusions OPs in Rcsrdy+-p+ rats are influenced by stimulating intensity and agc.Stimulating intensity affects the amplitude and age lead to the change of distribution of primary frequency of OPs.It is possible to know the influences of the degeneration of rods and be helpful to diagnosis this kind of disease.

Adenocarcinoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Baculoviral IAP Repeat-Containing 3 Protein ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Chromones ; pharmacology ; Enzyme Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Female ; Humans ; Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Morpholines ; pharmacology ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ; genetics ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases ; X-Linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein ; genetics ; metabolism

In subclinical diabetic nephropathy with glomerular hyperfiltration,the renal size parameters are increased significantly,and this change sets in as early as before the appearance of microalbuminuria.The average kidney length discriminator value for glomerular hyperfiltration by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis is 10.53 cm,with the best sensitivity,higher specificity and total coincidence rate,and can be a clinical indicator for screening early diabetic nephropathy with glomerular hyperfiltration.

Objective:To retrospectively evaluate the prognostic risk factors of T1-2 stage breast cancer patients with one to three positive node(s) and their effects on the benefits of post-mastectomy radiation therapy (PMRT). Methods:We retrospectively analyzed 457 breast cancer patients with T1-2 stage and one to three positive axillary lymph nodes treated in our hospital between 2000 and 2002. The independent prognostic factors of the patients were calculated by the Cox proportional hazards model. The patients were fur-ther classified into high-risk and low-risk subgroups according to the risk factors to explore the benefit of PMRT on the prognosis of dif-ferent subgroups using survival analysis. Results:PMRT was not an independent beneficial factor of overall survival (OS) (HR=0.949;CI:0.435-2.074;P=0.896) or loco-regional recurrent free survival (LRRFS) (HR=0.611;CI:0.231-1.614;P=0.320) in all patients. Ex-tracapsular extension (ECE) and pathological grades were independent prognostic risk factors, and the benefits of PMRT were signifi-cantly different on the prognosis of high-risk subgroup patients (group ECE+OS:P=0.020, LRRFS:P=0.014;group GradeⅢOS:P=0.002, LRRFS:P<0.001). Meanwhile, PMRT failed to prolong the OS and LRRFS of low-risk subgroup patients (group ECE+OS:P=0.353, LRRFS:P=0.796;group GradeⅠtoⅡOS:P=0.267, LRRFS:P=0.589). Conclusion:ECE and gradeⅢwere the independent risk factors of death and loco-regional recurrence in the T1-2 breast cancer patients with one to three positive lymph node(s). PMRT was an effective adjuvant therapy to improve the prognosis of patients with high-risk factors. However, the benefit of PMRT had no sig-nificance in patients with ECE-or gradeⅠ-Ⅱ.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the augmentation of microsomal glutathione S-transferase (mGST) preparation using simple organic compounds. METHODS: Rat liver microsomes were isolated using both the polyethyleneGlyco 6000 (PEG6000) and Ca(2+) precipitation methods. Next the mGST activity was measured after incubation with the alkylating agent N-ethylmaleimind (NEM). RESULTS: The baseline mGST activity of rat microsomes was 0.15 after PEG6000 exposure and 0.082 after Ca(2+) precipitation. After NEM treatment mGST activity increased to 1.797 (2.35X) (P<0.01) and 2.375 (4.127X) (P<0.01) respectively followed by purified washing. mGST activation was stimulated maximally by 5-10 mmol/L NEM and occurred rapidly with 1-2 min of co- incubation. CONCLUSION: For both the PEG6000 and Ca(2+) precipitation methods the mGST activity of rat microsomes can be significantly enhanced after exposure to NEM. This enhancement is more prominent with the Ca(2+) precipitation.