AIM:To analyze relevancy between the changes of the retinal thicknesses of children's anisometropic amblyopic macular at Area A1 before and at the end of amplyopia cure and amplyopia cure effect.
METHODS: Through randomly selecting 30 cases ( 60 eyes) of anisometropic amblyopic children as test group and 29 cases ( 58 eyes ) of children with normal vision after the vision correction as control group, the changes of the retinal thicknesses of macular of the test group and the control group at Area A1 by OCT-3 was observed dynamically and analyzed.
RESULTS: Compared with first diagnosis, the comparative difference of retinal thicknesses of macular at Area A1 in control group at 3, 6mo has statistical significance. The test group was divided into amblyopia group and non-amblyopia group. There has statistical significance for the comparative difference between the retinal thicknesses of macular centre at 3, 6mo and the first diagnosis in the non - amblyopia group, the amblyopia group was divided into the invalid cure group, progress group and the cured group according to amblyopic cure effect. Compared with first diagnosis, there is no statistical significance of macular at Area A1 in invalid cure group and progress group at 3, 6mo, and in the cured group at 3mo, but in the cured group at 6mo has statistical significance.
CONCLUSION: There is a certain relationship between the changes of retinal thicknesses of macular of children with anisometropic amblyopic at Area A1 before and at the end of amblyopia treatment and amblyopia cure effect. OCT is a kind of objective auxiliary test method and provides new clues for amblyopia research.

It is a well-recognized difficult empirical task to disentangle the moral hazard effect from adverse selection impact by using the health insurance data in the empirical research of health economics. In the research, the unique social experiment in China’s health care reform, which enables cleanly identify moral hazard is applied. Using individual-level hospital patient data, it estimates the impact of the reimbursement rate increase on Chinese patients’ demand for health care service. Difference-in-Difference Propensity Score Matching approach and find strong evidence for moral hazard are approached. For instance: if the reimbursement rate increases by 5% while other factors remain the same, the corresponding health care service expenditure will increase by around 7%. The finding also has important implication for policy making. Chinese government pledges to lower the average individual out-of-pocket cost from the current 37.5% of total health care service cost to 30 % in 5 years. According to the former estimation, if the goal of the policy is successfully achieved, moral hazard problem itself will cost Chinese health care system around 200 billion yuan.

Primary open angle glaucoma ( POAG) is one of the eye diseases which can lead to blindness. The early symptom of POAG is unconspicuous, however, it will result in irreversible optic never damage and visual field defect with the disease progress. As an index for diagnosing and evaluating the therapeutic effect of POAG, intraocular pressure ( IOP ) is simple and important. Clinically, although some treated patients have a target IOP at clinic time, the optic never damage still get worse. Researches indicate that higher nocturnal IOP and 24h IOP variation and lower nocturnal ocular perfusion pressure ( OPP) may be the reasons for this phenomenon. The following essay will give an overview of POAG,IOP and OPP according to the relevant literatures so that we can have a better understanding.

Objective To understand the implementation of New Rural Cooperative Medicine(NRCM)in Hunan Province carried out in Miluo City.Methods Qualitative study was combined with secondary data collection.Results Government in Miluo took initatives to organize NRCM and financed it with the NRCM Funds;each peasant could enjoy NRCM by paying only 10 yuan,and the NRCM participation rate reached 73.6%;currently reimbursement mainly focused on hospitalization,lowest-payment for seeking care,and reimbursement proportion varied in health facilities at different levels;the health facilities and peasants benefited a lot from NRCM.Conclusions The NRCM participation is increasing,funds allocated properly,peasants welcoming it.Further measures for NRCM improvement may include allocating more funds,perfecting reimbursement procedures.Besides,the NRCM for some population like persons without children or suffering severe disease awaits solution.

Objective To study the effect of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor(GM-CSF)on angiogenesis of rat with acute myocardial injury induced by isoproterenol(Iso). Methods A total of 60 adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: normal control group, GM-CSF pretreatment group (GM-CSF group), and lso injury group, 20 rats in each group. GM-CSF group was administered recombinant human(rh)GM-CSF(5.0 μg/kg), through tail intravenous injection once a day for three days. Then the GM-CSF group and the Iso injury group were anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of lso( 15.0 mg/kg) once a day for three days. The same dose of saline was administered in the same way to the control rats. Ten days after injection, pathological changes of myocardial damage and infarct area were examined by immunohistochemistry. The mRNA expression levels of polypeptide antigen (CD34), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor KDR/flk- 1 were measured by RT-PCR. Results The difference of myocardial necrosis area between groups was statistically significant(F=10.07, P < 0.01), in which GM-CSF group[(37.37 ± 12.98)%] was significantly less than Iso injury group[(45.51 ±14.96)%, P < 0.05]. The difference of myocardial neovascularization density index of rats between groups was statistically significant ( F = 25.54, P < 0.05 ), in which GM-CSF group [(3980.05 ± 477.22) No/mm2] was significantly higher than Iso injury group((2605.93±361.49)No/mm2,P<0.01).The differences of myocardial CD34,VEGF,KDR/flk-1 mRNA expression between groups were statistically significant(F=17.83,4.29,4.10,all P<0.01).Compared to Iso mjury group[CD34(23.85±6.06),VEGF(31.80±8.05),KDR/flk-1(30.16±8.01)]were higher in the GM-CSF group[CD34(44.04±10.13),VEGF(49A±11.59),and KDR/flk-1(46A9±7.90),all P<0.01].The expressions of myocardiM VEGF mRNA and its receptor KDR/flk-1 mRNA was positively correlated(r=0.725,R2=0.526,P<0.01).Conclusions GM-CSF prelreatmcnt increases the density ofnew blood vessels in myocardium,and reduces the Iso-induced myocardial injury in rats.

ObjectiveTo investigate whether immune adjuvant can enhance the immunity of dendritic cell vaccine against murine breast cancer. Methods4 groups of mice with tumor are injected saline, immume adjuvant, dendritic cell (DC) vaccine and DC vaccine coupled with immune vaccine, respectively. Tumor volume and weight are measured 21 d later.ResultsThe tumor size in the DC vaccine coupled with immune vaccine group was significantly small compared with control group (P=0.001) and the DC vaccine group (P=0.047).ConclusionImmune adjuvant can enhance the immunity of dendritic cell vaccine against murine breast cancer.

Objective To evaluate the guiding values of different lung compressed forms in the choice of the treat?ment of spontaneous pneumothorax. Methods Based on lung compressed forms on anterior-posterior chest X-ray , a total of 219 spontaneous pneumothorax patients were divided into the periphery shape group (n=127) and irregular shape group (n=92). We observe the relationship between lung compressed form with the times of previous closed thoracic drainage,the cure rate of closed chest drain at the 7th day,length that closed thoracic drainage cure pneumothorax and the incidences of the surgical pleural adhesion. Results We found that the incidence of irregular lung compression in 0, 1 and 2 times of re?ceiving previous drainage were 11.71%(13/111), 57.89%(22/57) and 90.19%(46/51) respectively. Its incidence increased with the times of previous closed chest drain (χ2=96.339, P<0.01). In total, 94 patients (85 of which were cured until the 7th day) and 30 patients (11 of which were cured until the 7th day) were cured using close chest drain in peripheral shape and ir?regular shape group. And the 7th day cure rate is lower in irregular group than that in the peripheral shape. [36.7%(11/30) vs 90.4%(85/94),χ2=37.596, P<0.01]. What’s more, patients in irregular group need longer time to cure pneumothorax than patients in peripheral shape did [d:10.1±4.87 vs 4.00±2.07, t=9.806, P<0.01]. Among the 95 patients who underwent surgi?cal treatment in both groups, the incidence of pleural adhesion is higher in irregular shape group than that in peripheral shape group [91.9%(57/62)vs18.2%(6/33),χ2=52.445, P<0.01]. Conclusion The 7th day cure rate in patients with pe?ripheral shape lung compressed form is higher than patients in irregular lung compressed form using closed chest drain with fewer incidence of pleural adhesion and shorter cure time. Those with irregular lung compression is more appropriate for sur?gical treatment.

In our gastroenterology clinic from Jun. 2008 to Jan. 2009, 20. 9% (277/1320) patients were diagnosed with functional dyspepsia (FD) and 14. 8% (41/277) of them with psychological problems according to Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). In those with psychological disorders,92.7% were found with somatization, 60. 9% with depression and anxiety, 97.6% with abdominal pain,75.6% with bloating, 63.4% with early fullness and 36. 6% with nausea. More than 80% patients with anxiety and depression complained irritability, worry, fatigue, poor concentration, memory loss and insomni.a. After 4 weeks of psychological consultation and anti-depression treatment, 5 patients had significant improvement, 31 had improvement and 3 had no response. The overall response rate was 87. 8%.In summary,there is a high prevalence of depression and anxiety in population with FD. Hypochondria and somatization are common among these patients. Psychological consultation with anxiolytic drugs may have good therapeutic effects.

Objective To evaluate the expression and the relativity of PMS2,Akt1 and P-AktS473 protein in A2780,Caov3,C13* and ES2 ovarian cancer cell lines .Methods The expression of PMS2 ,Akt1 and P-Akt S473 protein in A2780 ,Caov3 ,C13*and ES2 ovarian cancer cells was detected by Western Blot .After treated with IGF-1 (Akt1 activator) and API-2 (specific Akt1 in-hibitor) ,Caov3 ,ES2 and A2780 cells were collected and the level of PMS2 was detected by Western Blot .Results PMS2 ,Akt1 and P-Akt S473 proteins were detected in all of the four ovarian cancer cell lines with varied expression levels ,and the activity of Akt1 was inversely related to PMS2 expression in ovarian cancer cells .Exposed to Akt kinase stimulator IGF-1 ,ES2 and Caov3 cells were detected with a dramatically PMS2 decreasing .Meanwhile ,the decreasing of PMS2 protein was time-dependent on IGF-1 .Treated with API-2 ,Akt kinase specific inhibitor ,A2780 was detected with PMS2 dramatically increasing ,and the increasing of PMS2 pro-tein was time-dependent on API-2 .Conclusion In ovarian cancer cells ,PMS2 expression could be directly regulated by activated Akt1 .

10-15 years were 7 cases(6.3%),they were randomly divided into treatment group and contol group.The treatment group with 60 patients were given INF-? and polyresistin,age 3 years,given IFN-? 200 000 U per day;and polyresistin 5 mg per time,3 times every day,the course of therapy were 5 days.The control group was given traditional Chinese medicine at the same time.Results After therapy,in treatment group,53 cases(88.3%) of children′s cooling time were lower than 5 days,47 cases(78.3%) of children′s rash subsided time were lower than 6 days,48 cases(75%) of children′s Catarrhal symptoms disappeared time were lower than 5 days,and the rate of complications′ occurrence were 15 cases(18.3%).In control group,28 cases(53.8%) of children′s cooling time were lower than 5 days,14 cases(26.9%) of children′s rash subsided time were lower than 6 days,28 cases(53.8%) of children′s Catarrhal symptoms disappeared time were lower than 5 days,and the rate of complications′ occurrence were 37 cases(71.5%),there were significant differences between both groups(Pa