Vectors used to carry foreign genes play an important role in gene therapy, among which, the adeno-associated virus (AAV) has many advantages, such as nonpathogenicity, low immunogenicity, stable and long-term expression and multiple-tissue-type infection, etc. These advantages have made AAV one of the most potential vectors in gene therapy, and widely used in many clinical researches, for example, Parkinson's disease. This paper introduces the biological characteristics of AAV and the latest research progress of AAV carrying neurotrophic factor, dopamine synthesis related enzymes and glutamic acid decarboxylase gene in the gene therapy of Parkinson's disease.
Animals ; Aromatic-L-Amino-Acid Decarboxylases ; genetics ; Dependovirus ; genetics ; Gene Transfer Techniques ; Genetic Therapy ; Genetic Vectors ; Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor ; genetics ; Glutamate Decarboxylase ; genetics ; Humans ; Nerve Growth Factors ; genetics ; Neurturin ; genetics ; Parkinson Disease ; therapy

Lactoferrin (Lf) is one of the food protein belonged to the innate immune system. Apart from its main biological function of binding and transport of iron ions, lactoferrin also has many other functions and properties such as antibacterial, antiviral, antiparasitic, catalytic, anti-cancer, anti-allergic and radioprotecting. Lf is usually used as additives of food and cosmetics. The research of lactoferrin has been increasingly reported, and the application of lactoferrin as a drug carrier has drawn extensive attention over the recent year. In this paper, researches of lactoferrin as drug carriers are classified and summarized in brain targeting, liver tumor targeting, lung tumor targeting and oral delivery systems according to their different characteristics.
Administration, Oral ; Brain ; Drug Carriers ; Humans ; Lactoferrin ; chemistry ; Neoplasms

Objective To observe the effect of atropine in the treatment of bromiderosis with anhydrous alcohol injection. Methods Patients were randomly divided into two groups (A and B): the patients in Group A was injected with both anhydrous alcohol and atropine, and that in Group B was only injected with anhydrous alcohol. The effect of the operation was evaluated at 1, 3 and 6 months after the treatment. Results From August 2004 to January 2008, 72 patients were involved in this study. 37 cases were included in Group A, and 35 patients were included in Group B. The effective rate in the Group A was 83.78 %, and that in the Group B was 82.86 %. There was no statistical difference between these two groups. Conclusion Atropine has no effect on the treatment of axillary bromidrosis with anhydrous alcohol injection and it is, therefore, not necessarily included in the treatment.

Objective To investigate association between human leukocyte antigen DQB1 (HLADQB1 ) gene polymorphisms and bronchial asthma among Mongolian and Han nationalities. Methods Sequence-specific primer polymerase chain reaction (PCR-SSP) was used to detect frequencies of HLA DQB1 genotypes and alleles in 50 cases of Han and 68 Mongolian asthmatic patients, and 50 Han and 54 Mongolian healthy controls, respectively. Difference in gene frequencies between the two nationalities was estimated by odds ratio (OR) and chi-square test. Results Frequency of the HLA-DQB1 0602 allele was significantly higher in Han patients with bronchial asthma than that in healthy Han nationality (OR = 6.163,P ＜0.01 ). Frequency of the HLA-DQB1 0603/0608 allele decreased in Mongolian asthmatic patients, as compared to that in healthy Mongolians ( OR = 0.199, P ＜ 0.05 ). Frequency of the HLA-DQB1 0301/4 allele was significantly higher in Mongolian asthmatic patients as compared to that in healthy Mongolians ( OR =2.074,P ＜0.05). Frequency of the HLA-DQB1 0301/4 allele was significantly higher in Mongolian than that in Han asthmatic patients ( OR = 2.482 ,P =0.05). Frequency of the HLA- DQB1 0602 allele was significantly higher in healthy Mongolians than that in healthy Han nationality ( OR = 3.341, P ＜ 0.05 ), in contrast, frequency of the HLA-DQB1 0402 allele was significantly lower in healthy Mongolians than that in healthy Han nationality ( OR = 0.209, P ＜ 0.05 ). Conclusions The HLA-DQB1 0603/0608 allele is possibly a protective gene and the HLA-DQB1 0301/4 allele a susceptible gene for bronchial asthma in Mongolians, and the HLA-DQB1 0602 allele is possibly a susceptible gene for bronchial asthma in Han nationlity.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of salidroside on hypoxia-induced apoptosis of corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells (CCSMCs) in rats.

METHODSRat CCSMCs were cultured in vitro by the enzyme digestion method and identified by immunofluorescent staining of anti-alpha-SMA and anti-Desmin. The non-toxic dose of salidroside was determined by MTT assay. Low-oxygen mixed gas (1% O2, 5% CO2, and 94% N2) was piped into a modular incubator chamber to induce hypoxia. The CCSMCs were divided into a normal, a hypoxia, and a 32 microg/mL salidroside intervention group. The apoptosis of the CCSMCs was detected by flow cytometry and the expression of the caspase-3 protein determined by Western blot.

RESULTSThe majority of the CCSMCs were positive for alpha-SMA and Desmin at immunofluorescent staining. Salidroside at < 32 microg/ml produced no obvious toxicity to CCSMCs. Compared with the normal control group, the rates of early and late apoptosis of CCSMCs were both increased significantly in the hypoxia group ([12.77 +/-1.41]% vs [18.69 +/- 1.29]%, P < 0.01 and [14.63 +/- 2.00]% vs [21.03 +/- 1.530]% , P < 0.05). Western blot showed a markedly increased expression of cleaved caspase-3 (P < 0.01). Intervention with 32 microg/ml salidroside significantly reduced hypoxia-induced early apoptosis of CCSMCs ([13.46% +/- 1.87]%, P < 0.01) and decreased the expression of cleaved caspase-3 (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSalidroside can reduce the expression of cleaved caspase-3 and inhibit hypoxia-induced apoptosis of CCSMCs in rats.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; physiology ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Cell Hypoxia ; physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Glucosides ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Male ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ; cytology ; drug effects ; enzymology ; Penis ; cytology ; drug effects ; Phenols ; pharmacology ; Rats

Objective:To investigate the relationship between clinical effects of acupuncture for elderly patients with sensorineural deafness and ear distending sensation.Methods:A total of 120 elderly patients with sensorineural deafness were randomly divided into a comprehensive treatment group,an acupuncture group and a Western medicine group,with 40 cases in each group.The acupuncture group received acupuncture treatment,the Western medicine group received oral mecobalamin tablets and the comprehensive treatment group received acupuncture plus acupoint injection and auricular acupoint sticking.The values of pure tone hearing threshold test of the three groups were observed before and after treatment,and the relationship between clinical effects and ear distending sensation was compared.Results:The total effective rate of the comprehensive treatment group was 82.5％ versus 67.0％ in the acupuncture group and 62.5％ in the Western medicine group.The inter-group comparisons showed statistically significant differences in the comprehensive treatment group versus the Western medicine group (P＜0.01) and the acupuncture group (P＜0.05).In the comprehensive treatment group,there were 23 cases (57.5％) with ear distending sensation,the clinical total effective rate was 86.9％;there were 17 cases (42.5％) without the sensation,the clinical total effective rate was 76.5％.In the acupuncture group,there were 24 cases (60.0％) with ear distending sensation,the clinical total effective rate was 71.0％;there were 16 cases (40.0％) without the sensation,the clinical total effective rate was 63.0％.In the Western medicine group,there were 21 cases (52.5％) with ear distending sensation,the clinical total effective rate was 66.7％;there were 19 cases (47.5％) without the sensation,the clinical total effective rate was 57.9％.The total effective rate of patients with ear distending sensation were higher than the rates of those without ear distending sensation in the three groups,but the differences were insignificant (all P＞0.05).Conclusion:The comprehensive therapy is one of the effective methods to treat elderly patients with sensorineural deafness.In the three groups of elderly patients with sensorineural deafness,the relief of ear distending sensation and the hearing loss were basically simultaneous,and the hearing recovery in the patients with ear distending sensation may be slightly better than that in those without ear distending sensation.Nevertheless,further research is needed.

OBJECTIVETo explore a new method to correct secondary lip whistle deformities and nasal base depression after bilateral complete cleft lip (BCCL) repair with lip subdermal soft tissue flap.

METHODSBilateral subdermal soft tissue "C" flaps and "lambda" flap were designed to repair secondary deformities of nasal base and reconstruct vermilion tubercle in patients after BCCL repair.

RESULTSGood results were achieved in all the patients with primary healing. No flap necrosis happened. The result was satisfactory.

CONCLUSIONSWith bilateral subdermal soft tissue "C" flaps and " lambda" flap, nasal base depression deformities and lip whistle deformities can be corrected. It is an ideal method for correction of deformities after BCCL repair.

Cleft Lip ; surgery ; Humans ; Lip ; surgery ; Nose ; Nose Deformities, Acquired ; surgery ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; Surgical Flaps ; Treatment Outcome ; Wound Healing

Animals ; Aorta ; pathology ; Apolipoproteins E ; deficiency ; Atherosclerosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Glycosides ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 ; metabolism ; Mice ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Polygonum ; chemistry ; Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 ; metabolism

Objective: To analyze the clinical effect of traditionaldog-days acupoint application and Magic Acupuncture Patch (Manji) in the prevention and treatment of chronic bronchitis (CB) in remission stage in the past five years, and explore the principle of action and effective stimulation, to provide the evidence for treating CB by acupoint application. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 405 patients with CB who met the inclusion criteria. All patients were treated with dog-days acupoint application or Magic Acupuncture Patch between 2013 and 2017. The clinical data of 405 patients were statistically analyzed to compare the prevention and treatment effects of dog-days acupoint application and Magic Acupuncture Patch, and different degrees of stimulation of dog-days acupoint application. Results: Among the dog-days acupoint application groups, the total effective rate was 63.6％ in the light stimulation group, 93.1％ in the moderate stimulation group, and 94.8％ in the strong stimulation group. The differences in the total effective rate between the light stimulation group and the moderate stimulation group, as well as the strong stimulation group, were statistically significant (both P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the total effective rate between the moderate stimulation group and the strong stimulation group (P>0.05). The total effective rate was 83.9％ in the dog-days acupoint application group, versus 45.4％ in the Magic Acupuncture Patch group, and there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: The efficacy of dog-days acupoint application in the prevention and treatment of CB is better than that of Magic Acupuncture Patch; the degree of stimulation is the basis for the effect of dog-days acupoint application on prevention and treatment of CB, and the moderate and strong stimulations are more appropriate.

OBJECTIVETo analysis the genetic mode of Rh DEL phenotype and RHD 1227A allele in Zhejiang Han population through family investigations.

METHODSRh DEL phenotypes were identified by a serologic adsorption-elution method. Two polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific prime (PCR-SSP) methods which detectED RHD 1227A allele and Rhesus hybrid box, respectively, and a nucleotide sequencing method focused on the exon 9 of RHD 1227A allele were employed to determine the zygosity of RHD allele.

RESULTSAll five probands with Rh DEL phenotype harbored a RHD 1227A allele and had a RHD allele deletion, and they were RHD 1227A/RHd heterozygote. One of the parent members was found to contain a RHD 1227A allele and a normal RHD allele in pedigree 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Thus, they were RHD 1227A/RHD heterozygotes and presented normal D positive phenotype. The son of proband No 1. inherited the RHD 1227A allele and presented a normal D positive phenotype due to a RHD 1227A/RHD heterozygote; The offsprings of proband No. 2, No. 4, and No. 5 did not inherit RHD 1227A allele and presented a normal D positive phenotype.

CONCLUSIONRHD 1227A allele is an important genetic marker of Rh DEL phenotype; RHD 1227A is recessive to normal RHD allele and dominant to RHd allele; RHD 1227A allele is an ancestral, but not a spontaneously mutated allele.

Alleles ; China ; Female ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Pedigree ; Phenotype ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Rh-Hr Blood-Group System ; genetics