Nosocomial infection is a major challenge in modern hospital management. It affects not only patient safety but also the health of the health care workers. Inappropriate control of nosocomial infections will lead to serious results. China introduced the concept of nosocomial infection control in mid 1980s. Since then, tremendous achievements have been made, while lags still exist when compared with the developed countries. Further efforts should be made to strengthen discipline construction and develop scientific control approaches.
China ; Cross Infection ; prevention & control ; transmission ; Humans ; Infection Control

Objective To study the changes of adriamycin-induced glomerular epithelial cells (GECs) permeability and cytoskeleton, and to explore the role and possible mechanism of epithelia growth factor (EGF) on adriamycin-induced glomerular epithelial barrier function. Methods Rat GECs on Milicell-PCF Inserts were exposed to adriamycin (0.5 ?mmol/L) 24 hours in the absence or presence of EGF. The paracelluar permeability to BSA and cell viability were evaluated. The expression of F-actin and alpha-actinin were analyzed by immunofluorescence and Leica laser scan confocal microscopy. Results After induced by adriamycin for 24 hours, paracelluar permeability to BSA and F-actin reorganization rate increased. Disassembling of cortical cytoskeleton architecture was observed. Stress fiber in cytoplasm disappeared. Alpha-actinin staining showed perinuclear enhancement, which is different from normal cytosolic pattern. EGF significantly reduced adriamycin induced effect. Higher level of BSA passed through GEC monolayer in a dose-dependent manner. EGF prevented adriamycin-induced cytoskeletal reorganization. Disassembled cortical cytoskeleton was recovered, and stress fiber appeared again. Alpha-actinin staining mainly exhibited cytosolic uniform distribution as control GEC. In addition, administration of either AG1478, a specific inhibitor of EGF-receptor tyrosine kinase, or U73122, a specific inhibitor of PLC? before EGF treatment attenuated the EGF-mediated effect, whereas neither AG1478 nor U73122 exerted influence in the absence of EGF. Conclusions Adriamycin increases GEC paracellular permeability to BSA as a result of adriamycin-induced cytoskeleton disassembling and disruption. EGF may prevent adriamycininduced cytoskeleton reorganization and maintain glomerular epithelial barrier function through EGF mediated EGF-EGFR-PLC? signal pathway.

Objective To summarize the experience of nursing cancer patients with Wernicke encephalopathy (WE) after gastrointestinal surgery. Method The clinical data of 6 patients with WE after gastrointestinal surgery in our hospital from January 2005 to June 2015 were retrospectively analyzed to summarize the nursing strategies. Results All the 6 patients showed mental changes of different types, 5 patients developed with ocular manifestations and one patient with ataxia. Only one patient showed the classic triad of the disease at clinical presentation. All the 6 patients had characteristic manifestations on cranial MRI and received thiamine (vitamin B1) at diagnosis. Four patients were completely recovered and 2 were partially recovered. Conclusion Timely sufficient thiamine supplementation during the perioperative period is the key to prevent and treat WE in the patients with gastrointestinal cancer. Careful observation of the patients′ mental state and the effective nursing for the special classic triad of the disease are critical for a better prognosis.

Objective To observe the expression and distribution of angiopoietin-like protein 3(ANGPTL3) in kidney of adriamycin(ADR)-induced nephrotic rats, and to explore the possible association of ANGPTL3 with the development of proteinuria and hyperlipidemia. Methods Adriamycininduced nephrotic rat models were established by a single injection of adriamycin via the tail vein. Immunohistochemical staining (IHS)and dot-ELISA were used to examine the expression and distribution of ANGPTL3 in kidney and the level of ANGPTL3 in serum of ADR rats at day 7,14, 21 and 28 after adriamycin injection. Results (1) In ADR rats, urinary protein and the level of triglyceride and cholesterol in serum increased significantly at day 14 (P

Objective To study the expression of angiopoietin-like protein 3(ANGPTL3) mRNA successively in kidney of adriamycin (ADR)-induced nephrotic rats during the development of proteinuria, and to disclose the possible assosiation of ANGPTL3 with proteinuria. Methods Adriamycininduced nephrotic rat models were established by a single injection of adriamycin via the tail vein. Glomeruli and cortex tubuli of rats were dissected by laser microdissection. Real time quantitative RT-PCR was used to study the expression of ANGPTL3mRNA in kidney of ADR rate at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days successively following adriamycin injection. Results (1) In ADR rats, urinary protein and the level of triglyceride and cholesterol in serum increased significantly at day 14 (P

Objective To evaluate the effect of health education on preventing birth defects in community in terms of knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) for married women in reproductive age. Method A self-designed general information form and a questionnaire on KAP of married women′s preventing birth defects were used to investigate the KAP among 300 married nulliparous women. Result The average rate of cognitive knowledge of birth defects was 60.8%, the average rate of cognitive behaviors was 59.2%, and the average rate of cognitive attitude was 67.4%. Conclusion In order to reduce the rate of birth defects and improve the quality of births, we should implement three-level prevention education system, enrich the health education methods to enhance the knowledge, attitude and behavior of married women.

Adult ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Gastrectomy ; methods ; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Ki-1 Antigen ; metabolism ; Leukocyte Common Antigens ; metabolism ; Leukosialin ; metabolism ; Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Melanoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Mucin-1 ; metabolism ; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; metabolism ; Stomach Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery

Objective To investigate the effects of motilin on the voltage dependent potassium channel and L-type calcium channel currents in rat proximal colon smooth muscle cells (PCSM) and to explore its mechanism in increasing colonic motility.Methods PCSM were isolated by collagenase.The voltage dependent potassium channel transit outward current (IKA ) and delayed rectifier current (IKdr) and L-type calcium currents (ICa(L)) were measured by whole cell patch clamp technique.Groups were analyzed by paired t-test.Results There was no significant effect of motilin on IKA and IKdr.L-type calcium channel was dose-dependently activated by motilin from 0.5 × 105 mmol/L to 10.0 ×10-5 mmol/L.At 6 × 10-5 mmol/L motilin and under - 10,0 and 10 mV stimulating voltage,maximum current density increased by 154.61％,62.69％ and 21.02％ respectively and activation kinetics curve obviously left shifted.Half activation voltage decreased from (2.740±1.211) mV prior administration to ( - 25.290 ± 0.614) mV (t =8.534,P =0.007 ) and there was no significant difference in slope factor. Conclusions Motilin increases colonic smooth muscle contraction by promoting calcium influx. However the frequency of colonic smooth muscle contraction could not change with frequency of equilibrium potential and action potential of colonic smooth muscle.

Objective To evaluate plasma natriuretic peptide brain (BNP) levels in elderly male patients with type 2 diabetes and primary osteoporosis.Methods A total of 122 elderly male patients with type 2 diabetes were divided into 3 groups according to bone mineral density(BMD):normal group (41 cases),osteopenia group (40 cases) and osteoporosis group (41 cases),and another 33 age matched healthy subjects as control group.Plasma BNP levels were determined by ELISA.Results Plasma BNP levels in osteoporosis group [(1.95 ± 0.49) pmol/L] and osteopenia group [(1.64±0.48) pmol/L] were significantly elevated compared with that in normal group [(1.32±0.38) pmol/L] and control group [(1.26±0.39) pmol/L] (all P＜0.01).There was a statistical difference between osteoporosis group and osteopenia group (t=3.539,P＜0.05),and also between normal group and control group (t=2.726,P＜0.05).Plasma BNP levels had negative correlation with BMD of 2na-4th lumbar vertebra (r=-0.366) and femoral neck (r=-0.375),body mass index (r=-0.288) and estrodiol (E2) (r=-0.352) (all P＜0.05); while had a positive correlation with parathyroid hormone (PTH) (r=0.353,P＜0.05).Conclusions With BMD declining,plasma BNP levels are elevated in elderly male type 2 diabetes,which may be related to the compensatory increase in PTH and the decrease in estradiol.

Objective To analyze the interactions in lectures conducted by young teachers in medical institutions and investigate the way of improving their ability. Methods We analyzed the teaching plans and the actual performance of 31 teachers who enter the final of the 16th competition of young teacher's basic skills, 2011 and observed the lectures of another 15 randomly selected teach-ers, focusing on the interactions and the effects in the lectures. Results Among the 31 teachers, 19 (which is 61.29% of the total) teachers designed and implemented interactive teaching; 6 (which is 40.00% of the total) teachers adopted interactive teaching in daily teaching. Among the 40 young teachers included in the research , 27 ( which is 54 . 35% of the total ) teachers employ interactive teaching. The way of performing interactive teaching in all above situations is answering questions. Conclusions Interactive teaching is commonly used in lectures by young teachers in medical insti-tutions. However, the method is simple and the quality needs to be improved.