Objective To investigate the infection situation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) in patients with the lower respira‐tory tract infection in the department of respiratory intensive care units (RICU ) in recent five years ,and to analyze the changing trend of antibacterial resistence ,in order to guide rational selection of antimicrobial agents .Methods Strains of bacteria were isola‐ted and identified from sputum specimen of patients in the department of RICU and common ward from Jul .2008 to Jul .2013 .The situations of PA infection and antibacterial resistence were analyzed ,and differences of infection rates of PA and antibacterial resis‐tence were compared between RICU and common ward .Results 517 strains of bacteria were detected from sputum specimens of patients in the department of RICU from 2008 to 2013 ,including 141 strains of PA (accounted for 27 .3% ) ,and ticarcilli/clavulanic acid(61 .0% ) was with the highest rate of resistance among 14 drugs and colistin B(9 .2% ) was with the lowest rate of resistance . 378 strains of bacterias were detected from sputum specimens of patients in common wards ,including 125 strians of PA(accounted for 33 .1% ) ,and ticarcilli/clavulanic acid(28 .0% ) was with the highest rates of resistance and colistin B (4 .0% ) was with the low‐est rate of resistance .Conclusion In recent 5 years ,PA might be one of the main pathogenic bacterias of respiratory tract infections in the depatment of RICU in this hospital ,and antibiotic resistance may increse gradually .The antibiotic resistance in the depatment of RICU may be higher than that in cionmon wards .Clinical effective measures should be taken to prevent nosocomial infection ,and rational use of antibiotics should be taken to reduce the emergence of resistant strains .

Purpose:To compare the survival rates of hyperf ractionated radiotherapy plus concurrent chemotherapy with hyperfractionated rad iotherapy alone in the treatment of stage Ⅲ/Ⅳ nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) a nd analyze the prognostic factors. Methods:Between December 1992 and December 1995, 144 NPC patien ts were randomized into hyperfractionated radiotherapy plus concurrent chemother apy (R +C) and hyperfractionated radiotherapy alone (R alone).Radiotherapy were similar in the two groups: 1.2 Gy/f, twice a day. Chemotherapy was given to R + C patients before and during the course of radiotherapy. Results:The 5-year overall survival rates of the R + C and R alone groups were 63.3% and 50.7%,repectively . The factors influencing the resu lts were N stage,chemotherapy and the peripheral blood hemoglobin concentration . Conclusions:Hyperfractionated radiotherapy plus concurrent chem otherapy can improve the survival rate, especially for the patients with N2-N3 stage.The negative prognostic factors for Ⅲ/Ⅳ NPC are N2-N3 stage, radiothera py alone and the reduction of hemoglobin during treatment.

Female ; Humans ; Obesity ; complications ; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ; complications ; therapy

Objective To observe the Influence of Daotan decoction on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in Rats, and its relative mechanisms was analyzed. Methods The rat nonalcoholic steatohepatitis model was induced by high fat diet. The rats of therapeutic groups were treated with small, middle and high dose Daotan decoction respectively. Their general condition, liver index, and the fat change and inflammation of liver were observed. The serum ALT、triglyceride(TG), total cholesterol(TCH), low density lipoprotein(HCL-C), high density lipoprotein(LDL-C)were determined respectively. Results The liver index of therapeutic groups were markedly reduced respectively compared with those of model group(P0.05). The liver inflammation in therapeutic groups were improved better those in model group(P

OBJECTIVETo confirm the inhibitory effect of Chinese herbs of acid taste on melanin synthesis.

METHODSActive ingredients of 22 kinds Chinese herbs of acid tastes were extracted by alkali extraction and acid precipitation, alcohol extraction, and water extraction, respectively, which was then dispensed into 25.00, 12.50, and 6.25 g/L suspension. Their effects on activities of tyrosinase were detected using mushroom-tyrosinase-DOPA speed oxidation. Their inhibition rates on activities of tyrosinase were respectively compared with inhibition rates of 1.0, 0.5, and 0.1 mmol/L arbutin.

RESULTSThe 22 kinds Chinese herbs of acid taste included Cornus Officinalis, Crataegus pinnatifida, dark plum fruit, Schisandra Chinensis, Chaenomeles sinensis Koehne, Reynoutria japonica Houtt, Achyranthes Bidentata, Sanguisorba officinalis L., Semen Ziziphi Spinosae, Herba Ecliptae, blueberry, immature bitter orange, submature bitter orange, Prunus mume Var, Hovenia acerba Lindl., Fructus Mori, Pomegranate Rind, white paeony root, Rosa laevigata Michx., Portulaca oleracea L, Terminalia chebula Retz, Rhus chinensis Mill. Their alkaline extractions showed inhibition to activities of tyrosinase to different degrees except Herba Ecliptae. Of them, the highest inhibition rate (88.49% ± 9.98%) was got by dark plum fruit at 25 g/L, while the lowest inhibition rate (11.22% ± 3.36%) was got by immature bitter orange at 6.25 g/L. Their alcohol extractions showed inhibition to activities of tyrosinase to different degrees except Herba Ecliptae. Of them, the highest inhibition rate (75.92% ± 5.57%) was got by Hovenia acerba Lindl. at 25 g/L, while the lowest inhibition rate (9.60% ± 1.15%) was got by submature bitter orange at 6.25 g/L. Their water extractions all had inhibition on activities of tyrosinase. Of them, the highest inhibition rate (54.23% ± 3.56%) was got by Fructus Mori at 25 g/L, while the lowest inhibition rate (10.25% ± 1.83%) was got by Semen Ziziphi Spinosae at 6.25 g/L. Compared with 1 mmol/L arbutin water solution, alkaline extractions of dark plum fruit, Schisandra Chinensis, Rhus chinensis Mill., Rosa laevigata Michx., blueberry, Chaenomeles sinensis Koehne, Portulaca oleracea L, Fructus Mori, Achyranthes Bidentata, Pomegranate Rind; alcohol extractions of dark plum fruit, Rhus chinensis Mill., Pomegranate Rind, Hovenia acerba Lindl., Crataegus pinnatifida, Achyranthes Bidentata; water extractions of Chaenomeles sinensis Koehne, blueberry, and Fructus Mori at 25 g/L got obviously higher inhibition rates (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Compared with 0.5 mmol/L arbutin water solution, alcohol extraction of Chaenomeles sinensis Koehne and alcohol extraction of dark plum fruit at 12.5 g/L got obviously higher inhibition rates (P < 0.05, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONChinese herbs of acid taste could inhibit melanin synthesis, and its mechanism was related to inhibiting activities of tyrosinase.

Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Melanins ; metabolism ; Monophenol Monooxygenase ; metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Schisandra ; Taste

Objective To observe the effects of one kind of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE1) drugs fosinopril (FOS) on transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1)and β1- integrin( Itg-31 ) expression in rat glomerular mesangial cells (GMC)induced by lipopolysacchatide (LPS).Methods We established the cultured glomerular mesangial cells of rat in vitro and passages 3 ～ 10 of cells were used in the experiment after identification.The experiment included the following groups:Control group,LPS induced group (LPS group) and FOS intervened group.According to the different concentrations of FOS,FOS intervened group was divided into high,middle and low dose FOS groups,which were FOS1 group,FOS2 group and FOS3 group respectively.The changes of TGF-β1 protein secretion was detected by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent-assay; The changes of TGF-β1 and Itg-β1 mRNA expression was detected by quantitative real-time RT-PCR.Results (1) TGF-β1protein secretion in rat GMC at 6h,12h,24h three time points:They were 958.55 ± 34.67 ( ng/L),1052.05 ±48.59( ng/L),1166.06 + 35.39 (ng/L) respectively in Control group.They were 1342.12 + 39.87 ( ng/L),1432.31 + 39.33 (ng/L) and 1 537.77 + 43.79 (ng/L) respectively in LPS group,which were higher significantly than those in Control group ( all P ＜ 0.01 ).They were 779.58 ± 48.64 ( ng/L),878.33 ± 29.50 (ng/L) and 962.57 ±31.94( ng/L) in FOS1 group,989.311±73.56(ng/L),1073.29±66.89(ng/L) and 1210.75 ±61.68(ng/L) in FOS2 group,1 253.78 ±45.32( ng/L),1 348.18 ±45.81 (ng/L) and 1450.06 ±46.24( ng/L) in FOS3 group respectively,which were lower significantly in all FOS intervened groups than that in LPS group (all P＜O.01).(2)TGF-β1 mRNA expressions in rat GMC at6h,12h,24h three time points were higher significantly than that in Control group.TGF-β1 mRNA expressions were lower significantly in all FOS intervened groups than that in LPS group.( 3 ) Itg-β1 mRNA expressiones in rat GMC at 6h,12h,24h three time points were higher significantly than that in Control group.Itg-β1 expressions were lower significantly in all FOS intervened groups than that in LPS group.Conclusions LPS can induce the increase of TGF-β1 secretion and mRNA expression.FOS can inhibit the TGF-β1 secrection and mRNA expession in GMC as dose-dependent manner,at the same time down regulated the Itg-β1 mRNA expression iuduced by LPS.All above supply the theoretical evidence for the renal protection of FOS by non-hemodynamics mechanism.

Objective To evaluate clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of anorectal malignant melanoma (ARMM).Methods The clinical data of 15 patients of ARMM in our hospital and 18 patients in the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University from 1990 to 2010 were reviewed.Twenty-five patients underwent curative surgical resection, 14 patients underwent abdominoperineal excision of the rectum (APR), and 11 patients underwent local excision (LE).Survival analysis was carried out.Fisher's exact test and Log-rank test was used to compare the effects of these two different surgical procedures.Results ARMM had a female predominance, the mean age was 22 -77(54.5 ± 7.6) years.The major clinical signs included hematochezia, anus pain.The misdiagnosis rate was 67% (22/33).The average tumor size was (3.5 ±1.7) cm.Thirty-one petients(94% ,31/33) had ARMM within 5 cm from anus margin.Mean survival time was (14.0 ± 6.5)months.The overall 1-,3-,and 5-year survival rates were 48% ,22% , and 10% , respectively.Local recurrence after curative LE was higher than APR (LE,64% vs APR, 21% , P = 0.049) , The overall 3-year disease-specific survival rates after curative LE was not significantly different from that of APR (LE, 28% vs APR ,31%, x2 = 0.268, P = 0.582).Conclusions Anorectal malignant melanoma has a high rate of misdiagnosis.Radical resection could not prolong the survival time significantly in anorectal malignent melanoma patients.

Objective To investigate the surgical selection of retinal detachment with myopic macular holes. Methods Management strategies were adopted according to the ocular symptoms of patients with high myopia involved in posterior chorioretinal atrophy, the colour showed by the bottom of macular holes and the shape of posterior staphyloma. Seventy-five eyes of 72 patients fulfilled the study criteria. The patients were followed up in an average of eight-month-observation and were divided into three groups: single 16% C2F6 gas tamponade (26 eyes of 26 patients) as group A,vitrectomy combined with 16% C2F6 gas tamponade (26 eyes of 23 patients) as group B and vitrectomy with silicon oil tamponade (23 eyes of 23 patients) as group C. Results 69.2%(18/26) of the macular holes were closed in group A, 73.1%(19/26)in group B and 87.0% (20/23) in group C after the primary surgery. Comparison of postoperative outcomes,macular hole closure rate was not significantly different among three groups (P= 0.3184). Conclusions It suggests that good anatomic retinal reattachment be achieved using any approach. However, the optimal surgical choice regarding of the personality case offered less surgical burden and more rapid visual rehabilitation to patients.

Objective To observe the effects of berberine on ICAM-1, VCAM-1 expression and inflammatory cells exudation in mice with viral pneumonia caused by influenza virus, and explore its anti-injury effect. Methods Totally 108 BALB/c mice were randomly divided into control group, model group, and berberine group. 25 μL 50 LD50 influenza virus, mouse lung-adapted strain, was intranasally inoculated to model group and berberine group. 1 h after infection, control and model group were intragastrically given 25 μL distilled water, berberine group was treated by intraperitoneal injection with berberine at a dose of 0.005 g/(kg·d) for 5 days, twice per day. On day 2, 4 and 6 after infection, immunocytochemical method was used to detect ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression, and sorting cell count of leukocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were counted. Results The expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in model group increased obviously on day 2, 4, 6, and which in berberine group decreased compared with model group (P<0.01). WBC, mononuclear cell, eosinophile cell and neutrophil cell number in model group increased significantly. WBC and neutrophil cell number decreased in berberine group on day 6 (P<0.01), and the mononuclear cell number decreased on day 4 (P<0.01). Conclusion Berberine inhibited the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, and decreased the inflammatory cells exudation in lung of mice with viral pneumonia caused by influenza virus. Berberine has protective effect on inflammatory injury of lung tissue in mice with viral pneumonia caused by influenza virus.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of oat ?-glucans on liver injury in hyperlipemia rats.Method Rats were fed on high fat forage for 3 w to establish hepatic injury model,then the model group was orally given oat ?-glucans at doses of 133,266 and 533 mg/(kg bw.d) respectively.At the same time,there were 3 control groups including 200 mg/(kg bw.d) chitosan oligosaccharide,normal and liver injury(model group fed with distilled water).Serum levels of ALT and AST,the content of MDA in serum and liver homogenate was assayed.Results Oat ?-glucans at high dose obviously decreased the levels of ALT,AST and MDA in the liver injury models,SP had a better protective effect on the liver injury than oligosaccharide did.Besides,in the treated group with ?-glucans,degenerative and necrotic changes of the liver cells were apparently milder than those of the untreated group.Conclusion Oat ?-glucans can obviously relieve the liver injury in hyperlipemia rats.