OBJECTIVETo understand the status and problems of complementary feeding and to explore the strategy of improving complementary feeding for infants and young children in China.

METHODData of urban and rural children were selected from the China Food and Nutrition Surveillance System (CFNSS) dataset to describe the status of complementary feeding and growth of children. Logistic Regression was used to analyze the relationship between child growth and the complementary feeding pattern.

RESULTSApplications of foods that come from animals, vegetable/fruit and dairy product in complementary feeding were negatively correlated to the prevalence of stunting and underweight. Attributable risk (AR) of no application of vegetable/fruit in complementary feeding to stunting was 30.2%, to underweight 35.4%; AR of no application of foods from animal products in complementary feeding to stunting was 28.2%, to underweight 11.7%; and the AR of no application of diary products in complementary feeding to stunting was 27.4%, to underweight was 15.9%.

CONCLUSIONComplementary feeding contributed to the improvement of infants and young children growth in China. There is an urgent need to develop health education in the public on infants and young children complementary feeding, in the mean time, it is pressing to pay attention and take actions to develop and promote affordable, acceptable, and accessible fortified complementary food in rural areas of China.

Child Development ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Dairy Products ; Fruit ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Meat ; Nutrition Surveys ; Vegetables

The internship is the transition period of a medico becoming a doctor,the cultivation of clinical work ability of interns is a comprehensive ability cultivation which includes the foundation theories' consolidation and use,the practical operative train- ing,the cultivation of clinical thought ability and communication between doctors and patients,etc.To educate pediatrics intern has its characteristics.

Objective To evaluate the value of ultrasound (US) in assessment knee joint inflammation in patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis(JRA).Methods US scans of the knees obtained in 30 children at clinically active stage; JRA was compared with those obtained in 30 healthy children and 10 JRA patients in clinical remission.Results Changes in synovial membrane thickness and presence of fluid in suprapatellar bursa showed statistically significant differences between JRA patients with active disease and the other subjects.Alterations in contour of the articular cartilage were demonstrated in 10 knees of patients with JRA.Conclusion US is a simple sensitive and reliable methods for the assessment and monitoring of knee joint involvement in JRA.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of in-home fortification of complementary feeding on intellectual development of Chinese children aged below 24 months.

METHODSOne thousand and four hundred seventy eight children aged 4-12 months were recruited and divided into study groups (formula 1 group and formula 2 group) and control group. In two study groups, in addition to the usual complementary food, children were fed with a sachet of fortified food supplement each day. Protein and micronutrients were provided in formula 1 group. Formula 2 group had the same energy intake as the formula 1 group . In addition to measurement of physical growth and detection of hemoglobin level, Development Quotient (DQ) or Intelligence Quotient (IQ) was assessed.

RESULTSThe DQ of children aged below 24 months was 97.2, 95.5, and 93.8 in formula 1 group, formula 2 group and control group, respectively, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The DQ of children in formula 1 group, formula 2 group, and control group was 92.7, 90.4, and 88.3 respectively in the first follow up showing statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). And, DQ of children in formula 1 group, formula 2 group and control group were 96.7, 94.5, and 93.7 respectively in the second follow up, showing statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). Full-IQ of children in the formula 1 group was 3.1 and 4.5 points higher than that in formula 2 group and in control group respectively. Verbal IQ of children in the formula 1 group was 2.1 and 5 points higher than that in formula 2 group and control group respectively. Performance IQ was 2.5 and 3.1 points higher than that in formula 2 group and control group respectively. All above mentioned comparisons were statistically significant.

CONCLUSIONFortification of complementary feeding showed persistent effect on intelligence development of young children which could persist to 6 years of age. The critical time for correction of anemia could be under 18 months.

Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Child Development ; China ; Dietary Supplements ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Intelligence Tests ; Male

OBJECTIVETo investigate the role of gap junction in ischemic preconditioning (IPC).

METHODSSprague-Dawley rats were subjected to a 30 min coronary artery occlusion followed by 4 h of reperfusion (I/R). Rats were divided into seven groups: I/R, IPC/R, IPC/R + 5-hydroxydecanoic acid (mitochondrial ATP sensitive potassium channel antagonist), I/R + diazoxide (mitochondrial ATP sensitive potassium channel agonist), I/R + 5-hydroxydecanoic acid + diazoxide, I/R + 18beta-glycyrrhetinic acid (gap junction blocker) and I/R + 18beta-glycyrrhetinic acid + 5-hydroxydecanoic acid. Hemodynamics and myocardial infarct size were measured and connexin43 phosphorylation and subcellular distribution were determined by quantitative immunoblotting and confocal immunofluorescence.

RESULTSInfarct size was reduced in IPC/R, I/R + diazoxide and I/R + 18beta-glycyrrhetinic acid group (13.34% +/- 7.87%, 11.02% +/- 2.24%, and 15.03% +/- 11.35%, respectively; P < 0.001 vs. I/R group: 45.81% +/- 7.91%). 5-hydroxydecanoic acid abolished the cardioprotective effects of IPC and diazoxide (46.57% +/- 5.36% and 47.36% +/- 3.17%; P > 0.05 vs. I/R) but not the effects of glycyrrhetinic acid (14.60% +/- 7.36%; P < 0.001 vs. I/R). Phosphorylation of connexin43 was significantly increased, dephosphorylation and connexin43 intracellular redistribution significantly decreased (Cx43 size in the cellular membrane 1.00% +/- 0.35% and 0.83% +/- 0.31%, P < 0.001 vs. I/R: 0.19% +/- 0.06%) by IPC and diazoxide and these effects could be abolished by 5-hydroxydecanoic acid.

CONCLUSIONIschemic preconditioning could reduce myocardial infarction size by activating mitochondrial ATP sensitive potassium channel and modulating connexin43 phosphorylation and internalization.

Animals ; Connexin 43 ; metabolism ; Gap Junctions ; physiology ; Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial ; Male ; Myocardial Infarction ; metabolism ; pathology ; Phosphorylation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) become dependent on blood transfusions and develop into transfusional iron overload, which is exacerbated by increased absorption of dietary iron in response to ineffective erythropoiesis. However, it is uncertain whether there is an association among iron accumulation, clinical complications, and decreased likelihood of survival in MDS patients. Thereby our current understanding of the effects of transfusion dependency and iron overload in MDS are discussed. Particular emphasis should be placed on further characterizing the role of redox-active forms of labile iron and oxidative stress in iron overload, decreased life expectancy and increased risk of leukemic transformation in MDS patients with iron overload.
Humans ; Iron ; metabolism ; Iron Overload ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Oxidative Stress

OBJECTIVETo investigate the characteristics of SKP2 protein expression in lung carcinoma tissues and its implication for prognosis.

METHODSThe expression of SKP2 protein was detected in 89 NSCLC, 13 SCLC, 5 benign lung neoplasms, 5 normal bronchus and lung tissues by tissue chip and immunohistochemical techniques.

RESULTSThe positive rate of SKP2 staining was (23.52 +/-13.57)% in NSCLC tissues and (53.85 +/- 12.26)% in SCLC tissues, significantly higher than (2.91 +/- 1.27)% in benign lung neoplasms and normal bronchus and lung tissues. Its expression was highest in SCLC tissues and lowest in benign lung tissues, with a significant difference between them (P <0.01). The expressive level of SKP2 protein in lung carcinoma tissues was closely related to cell differentiation and lymph node metastasis, but not to age, sex, smoking history, tumor site and size, and TNM staging, etc. The survival analysis revealed that the 5-year survival rate of lung carcinoma patients was much lower in SKP2 protein positive expression group than that in negative expression group (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe positive expression of SKP2 protein is higher in lung carcinoma than in benign or normal lung tissues, in particular, much higher in SCLC tissue. Moreover, it may be an independent factor to exert negative influence on prognosis of patients with lung carcinoma.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Bronchi ; chemistry ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; metabolism ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Small Cell ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lung ; chemistry ; pathology ; Lung Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Prognosis ; S-Phase Kinase-Associated Proteins ; metabolism ; Survival Analysis

Objective To evaluate dialysate exchange procedures of patients on peritoneal dialysis,and analyze the relationship between dialysate exchange skills and dialysis duration. Methods A self-designed evaluation form was used to check the patients' dialysate exchange procedure when they came to the clinic for transfer set change, and the data were analyzed using statistical mehods. Results The global score of assessment was 79. 15 ± 14.87,42.3% patients passed the test. Patients did not have good adherence to Ultraviolet radiation, environment cleaning, hand washing, and masks wearing. The global score for patients on PD more than one yearwas lower than the others (76.52 ± 15.34 vs 87.94 ±8.84, P<0.01 ). The score of preparation procedure, operation process, and global score had significantly negative correlation with dialysis duration(P <0.01). Conclusions PD patients may not adhere adequately to dialysate exchange procedures at home. And this problem may become more sever along with their dialysis duration. Periodically retraining is thus very needed for the long term PD patients.