AIM: To explore the surgical methods and clinical effects on young patients with congenital lower eyelid entropion.
METHODS: There were 27 patients ( 45 cases ) who suffered congenital lower eyelid entropion accepted the modified blepharosphincterectomy. The clinical effects and complications were evaluated.
RESULTS: After followed up for 6mo, 42 eyes were fully recovered, 3 eyes were unsuccessful and the cure rate was 93%, 5 eyes suffered minor lower eyelid skin folds, none had lower eyelid retraction and ectropion.CONCLUSION: Modified blepharosphincterectomy is an ideal cosmetic surgical treatment for young patients with congenital lower eyelid entropion. It is an effective surgical treatment with fewer complications.

Actins ; metabolism ; Angiomyolipoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Epiglottis ; Factor VIII ; metabolism ; Humans ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged

Ginsenosides,which belongs to triterpenoid saponins of plant terpenoids,are the main active components of the valuable medicinal herbs ginseng and American ginseng.Recent studies show that ginsenosides have a variety of beneficial effects,including anti-inflamatory,antioxidant,and anticancer effects.Ginsenosides are synthesized by complicated modification of triterpenoid skeleton after cyclization of 2,3-oxidosqualene through triterpene saponin synthesis pathway in which they share common early steps with phytosterols synthesis.It outlines recent advances for the biosynthesis of ginsenosides,the cloning and characterization of genes encoding key enzymes in the pathway and the basal framework of ginsenosides biosynthesis pathway.The prospects of secondary metabolism engineering in the biosynthesis of plant natural products and its application in ginsenosides biosynthesis are also discussed.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects of Smad7 and urokinase-type plas- minogen activator(uPA)co expression on CCl_4-induced rat liver fibrosis.Methods Forty SD rats were subcutaneously injectied of 40% CCl_4 every three days for 8 weeks.The rats were then divided into model group,AdSmad7/uPA group(injected with AdSmad7/uPA via tail vein),AdSmad7 group(injec- ted with AdSmad7 via tail vein)or AdGFP group(injected with AdGFP via tail vein).Ten healthy rats were served as control.The serum levels of procollagenⅢ(PCⅢ)and laminin(LN)were determined by radioimmunoassay,and the hydroxyproline level in liver tissues were examined by alkaline hydrolysis. The expressions of Smad7 and uPA in tissue were examined by immunohistochemistry and fibrosis area was stained with Sirius red.Results The expressions of Smad7 and uPA protein were significantly higher in AdSmad7/uPA group than that in AdGFP group after 3 days.Serum levels of ALT,AST,PCⅢand LN were significantly decreased in AdSmad7/uPA group compared to Smad7 and AdGFP groups (all P value

Objective To investigate the results of the language rehabilitation through the evaluation of the language comprehension of 75 cases of severe to profound pre -lingually deaf adolescents with cochlear implants . Methods Using evaluation criteria and methods on hearing and speech ability in deafened childrenas a test mate-rial ,and analyzed the outcome of the language comprehension test .Results The comprehension ability of entire pa-tients increased significantly as time went by .The entire comprehension ability was 0 .75y ,1 .45y ,2 .23y ,3 .08y before operations ,and 3 ,6 ,12 months after operations .The younger ,the more significant the improvements .There was no significant difference in rehabilitation outcomes in genders and wearing no hearing aids .Conclusion Cochlear implants can improve the comprehension ability of pre -lingual deaf adolescents ,and the longer they use implants , the better the results .If being implanted at younger age ,the improvement will be more significant .Patients who were beyond the best age were advised to get implant as soon as possible .

Codon usage bias is an important characteristic of genetic information transfer in organisms. Analysis of codon usage bias of different species is important for understanding the rules on genetic information transfer. The previous method for analysis of codon usage bias is mainly based on genomic data. However, this method is greatly limited, because the genome sequences of higher organisms are still not available up to now. In this study, we found that we could obtain the same optimal codons of Ganoderma lucidum (Curtis: Fr.) P. Karst based on its whole genomic data or large-scale transcriptomic data from its liquid-cultured hyphae, primordium and fruiting body, separately. This result indicated the feasibility to understand the codon usage bias based on the large-scale transcriptomic data. By calculating the proportion of rare codons of Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in 26 terpene synthases (TS) of G. lucidum, we found that the rare codons of S. cerevisiae have a higher proportion in TS genes, while the rare codons of E. coli have relatively lower, suggesting that the TS genes of G. lucidum are possibly more difficult to be expressed in S. cerevisiae than in E. coli. Chemical synthesis of TS genes according to the yeast optimal codons will be an effective way to solve the problem on the mismatch of gene codon bias between the foreign genes and the host strain.
Codon ; Escherichia coli ; Genome, Fungal ; Reishi ; genetics ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Transcriptome

Objective:To observe the clinicopathological features of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) cases with concurrent carcinoma. Methods:Patient data of 24 GIST cases with concurrent carcinoma were collected from the 157 GIST cases reported be-tween 2002 and 2012. The clinicopathological features of the GIST cases with concomitant carcinoma were studied. The expression of CD117, CD34, and SMA by the tumors was assayed using the immunohistochemical EliVision method. In particular, the expression of the proliferation marker Ki-67 was studied. Results:GIST cases with concurrent carcinoma accounted for 15.3%of the total GIST cas-es studied. The GIST patients with concurrent carcinoma included 14 males and 10 females. The male-female ratio of these patients was 1.4∶1. The age of the patients ranged from 41 years to 66 years, with a median age of 55 years. Lesions at the inferior segment of the esophagus were found in 7 of the 24 selected GIST cases;lesions at the gastric wall and in the intestines were observed in 15 and 2 cas-es, respectively. The diameter of the GIST cases with concurrent carcinoma ranged between 0.6 and 3.8 cm, with an average of 1.50 ± 0.85 cm. Slight dysplasia was observed in 4 of the 24 cases; no heteromorphism was present in the remaining 20 cases. The mitotic counts of GIST cases with concurrent carcinoma ranged from 0/50 HPF to 5/50 HPF, with an average of (0.79±1.83)/50 HPF. The pro-liferative index of Ki-67 in the GIST cases with concurrent carcinoma ranged between 0 and 7.72, with an average of 2.16 ± 3.26. The concurrent carcinoma cases included 5 cases with esophageal carcinoma, 2 with cardiac carcinoma, 15 with gastric cancer, and 2 with intestinal cancer. In contrast to the GIST cases with concurrent carcinoma, the GIST cases without carcinoma complications included 74 males and 59 females. The male-female ratio was 1.25∶1. The age of the patients without concurrent carcinoma ranged from 43 years to 71 years, with a median age of 54 years. Among the 133 GIST cases without cancer complications, gastric, intestinal, and esophageal lesions were found in 114, 13, and 6 cases, respectively. The diameter of GISTs without cancerous complications ranged from 2.4 cm to 15.5 cm, with an average of 6.11 ± 7.09 cm. Different degrees of dysplasia were seen in 82 of the 133 cases. The mitotic counts in the GIST cases without cancer complications ranged from 0/50 HPF to 53/50 HPF, with an average of (3.81±23.67)/50 HPF. The prolifera-tive index of Ki-67 for these cases ranged from 0 to 39.21 and averaged at 6.22 ± 16.96. The male-female ratio of the GIST cases with cancer complications was higher compared with the GIST cases without. The average diameter of GISTs with complications was small-er compared with that of GISTs without complications. The mitotic counts and the proliferative index of Ki-67 were significantly lower in the GIST cases with cancer complications than in those without (t=1.981, P<0.05 vs. t=1.993 5, P<0.05). Conclusion:Concurrent car-cinomas were found in 15.3% of the total GIST cases. No special clinical symptoms were observed in most GIST cases with cancer complications, as revealed when the carcinomas were examined. The proliferative index of Ki-67 in the GIST cases with concurrent car-cinoma is significantly lower compared with that of the GIST cases without complications.

A 10 year-old female child developed erythema on the scalp,perioral area,neck,trunk,buttocks,palms and soles within 1 month after birth.Her skin was dry and rough,and the hairs were fine,soft,sparse and easily broken.As age advanced,typical hyperkeratosis and thickening of the skin occurred on an erythematous base.At the age of 5 years,the child developed photophobia and vision impairment.When the child was 8 years old,progressive hearing loss was observed.Physical examination revealed that the height and weight were 109 centimeters and 19 kilograms respectively.Skin examination showed fine,soft,sparse and easily-broken hair,large areas of brown plaques with crusts on the scalp,perioral area,neck,trunk and buttocks,and fissured,purulent and foul-smelling verrucous hyperplasia over these plaques.Brown to black hyperkeratotic plaques were scattered over the extremities,and diffuse hyperkeratosis occurred on the palms and soles.Both fingernails and toenails became thickened,cloudy and white with distal separation and deformation of the nail plate.As ophthalmic examination showed,the patient had photophobia,bilateral bulbar conjunctival hyperemia,corneal opacity and corneal vascular proliferation,and the visual acuity was 0.5 in the left eye and 0.2 in the right eye.Otolaryngological examination revealed moderate binaural sensorineural deafness.Stomatological examination showed enamel hypoplasia and diastema widening.Genetic testing showed a heterozygous mutation (c.C50T) in exon 2 of the gap junction protein beta 2 (GJB2) gene.Based on these clinical manifestations and examinations,the patient was diagnosed with keratitis,ichthyosis,and deafness (KID) syndrome.Skin lesions of the patient were significantly improved after the treatment with oral acitretin.

Objective To explore the mutation of Y-STR loci in meiotic allelic transmission in a large pedigree. Methods The oral swabs of 163 male individuals were collected froma L in pedigree. Twenty-two Y-STR genetic markers were typed with AGCUY 24 fluorescent detection kit (AGCUY 24 sys-tem), which also contained 16 Y-STR markers included in Y filerTmmultiple amplification kit (Y filer system). The genotyping results of Y-STR loci were compared between each two males in the pedigree. Results There were 20 and 30 kinds of haplotypes obtained with Y filer and AGCUY 24 systems in 163 male individuals fromthe L in pedigree, respectively. The rates referred to haplotype differences (RRHD) of these two typing systems between male pairs were 0.910 5 and 0.922 7, respectively. The average number of marker differences were 6.582 1 and 9.824 8, respectively. The RRHDincreased along with the incidents of meiosis. Conclusion Y-STR mutation leads to different Y-STR haplotypes among the male members in a paternal pedigree and the rate of difference increases along with the incidents of meiosis.

Objective To investigate the clinical pathologic significance of lymphangiogenesis in in colorectal cancer. Methods New lymphatic-specific markers D2-40 was used immunohistochemically to detect the lymphatic vessel density(LVD) in the intratumoural and peritumoral areas, and in normal tissue from 96 cases of colorectal cancer, which were analyzed with clinical pathologic parameters of those colorectal cancer. Results Significandy higher LVD was found in the intratumoural area(14.5±2.4), when compared with normal(5.9±1.1)and peritumoural areas(6.7±1.2) (P<0.01). LVD of the peritumoural area was higher than normal area (P< 0.01). However, peritumoural LVD was associated with both depth of invasion and liver metastasis (r=0.71,0.78 P<0.05), but not associated with tumour size, macroscopic type and lymph-node metastasis (P>0.05). Intratu-moural LVD was not correlated with tumour size, macroscopic type, the depth of invasion,lymph-node metastasis, and liver metastasis(P>0.05). Conclusion Lymphangiogenesis in the peritumoural area may be helpful in evalution of liver metastasis and prognosis.