Ginseng is a typical adaptogen which has resistance to various stresses. This effect is related to the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. As the main active ingredients, saponin has the similar structure to steroids. The regulation characteristics of ginseng saponin on the HPA axis are narrated from the aspects of total saponin and saponin monomers in this paper after the introduction of adaptation definition and HPA axis regulation mechanisms. Pharmacological effects of ginseng saponin and the regulation effect of HPA axis are summarized finally.
Adaptation, Physiological ; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ; secretion ; Animals ; Corticosterone ; secretion ; Ginsenosides ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System ; drug effects ; secretion ; Panax ; chemistry ; Pituitary-Adrenal System ; drug effects ; secretion

Objective Our aim is to study the clinical manifestation and endocrine disorder of the bulimia nervosa (BN). Methods 2 cases of BN were clinically analysed. Results Most of the patients were anorexia before the disease happened, with many aspects of endocrine disorders. Conclusions BN and amenorrea could result from hypothalamus function disorders. However, the alteration of corticoid,thyroid hormones may be results of emotion stress and body weight loss.

1.0 mmol/L).The clinical side effects after medication circa were compared between two groups.Results There was no significant difference in myelosuppression,liver functional lesion,gastrointestinal tract reaction and infection in 2 groups.But following the increase of MTX blood drug level,the incidence rate of skin mucosa contamination,electrocardiographic abnormality,the cardiac creatase abnormity and nervous system symptoms significantly increased.Conclusions In the course of child ALL treatment with HD-MTX+CF,the side effects are common and individual difference is obvious.Specific treatment on individuals is suggested.J Appl Clin Pediatr,2006,21(3):170-171

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture, Ear ; instrumentation ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Spinal Nerve Roots ; physiopathology ; Spondylosis ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Young Adult

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of translabial two-dimensional (2D) ultrasound for female anterior pelvic floor dysfunction,and to discuss the ultrasound appearance of anterior pelvic floor dysfunction.Methods Translabial 2D ultrasound was performed on 63 patients who were diagnosed or suspected with anterior pelvic floor dysfunction using pelvic organ prolapse quantitation system,the position and mobility of bladder neck,the retrovesical angle and urethral rotation were measured during maximum Valsalva maneuver.Different types of anterior pelvic floor dysfunction diseases were diagnosed according to the ultrasound findings.Results Translabial 2D ultrasound diagnose different types of anterior pelvic floor dysfunction diseases based on the position and mobility of bladder neck,retrovesical angle and urethral rotation,including 15 cases bladder neck hypermobility,9 cases funneling of the bladder neck and 37 cases cystocele.Conclusions Translabial 2D ultrasound could provide useful information of anterior pelvic floor and is of great value in the diagnosis of female anterior pelvic floor dysfunction.

Objective To dynamically observe and evaluate the position and movement of pelvic floor organs in vaginal delivery primipara with translabial two-dimensional(2D) ultrasound,and to provide the imaging basis for the effects of pregnancy and vaginal delivery on the pelvic floor support structures.Methods Translabial 2D ultrasound was performed on 52 vaginal delivery postpartum women (postpartum group) and 43 normal women as control group to observe the position and movement of pelvic floor organs at rest,on pelvic muscle contraction and during maximum Valsalva maneuver.Results The location of urethrovesical junction and cervix were significantly lower in postpartum group compared with the control group at three stages.The movement of urethrovesical junction and cervix in vertical direction was greater in postpartum group than control group during maximum Valsalva maneuver,while was smaller on pelvic floor contraction.Conclusions Translabial 2D ultrasound could dynamically observe and evaluate the position and movement of pelvic floor organs.Pregnancy and vaginal delivery produce certain effect on pelvic floor support structures,which manifest as weak,defective and dysfunction.The impact was more obvious in anterior and middle compartments.

ObjectiveTo observe the morphology and structure of the urogenital hiatus in late pregnancy women using transperineal three-dimensional (3D) pelvic floor ultrasonography.Methods Twenty five nulliparas and fifty late pregnancy women were examined by transperineal 3D pelvic floor ultrasonography.The images of urogenital hiatus were obtained and compared to study their differences between nulliparas and late pregnancy women.Results Compared to nulliparas,urogenital hiatus in late pregnancy women tended to be circular and with an offset position.The puborectalis were bended and could be avulsed.Pelvic floor connective tissue could be loose.The morphology of vaginal might be abnormal and pelvic organ might prolapsed slightly.ConclusionsThe morphology and structure of urogenital hiatus in late pregnancy women are different to those in nulliparas,the hiatus tend to be slackness.3D pelvic floor ultrasonography is an effective imaging method to observe the morphology and structure of urogenital hiatus in pregnancy women.

Objective To investigate the pelvic floor in cystocele patients using translabial ultrasound,and discuss the ultrasound appearance.Methods Translabial 2D ultrasound was performed on 136 patients who were diagnosed or suspected as anterior vaginal wall prolapse or cystocele using pelvic organ prolapse quantitation system,the position of bladder,the retrovesical angle and urethral rotation were measured during maximum Valsalva maneuver.Cystocele subtypes were diagnosed according to the ultrasound findings.Results Translabial 2D ultrasound diagnosed 88 cases cystocele based on the position of bladder,retrovesical angle and urethral rotation,including ten cases cystocele type Ⅰ,32 cases type Ⅱ and the remaining 46 classified as type Ⅲ.Conclusions Translabial 2D ultrasound successfully acquired the ultrasonic characteristics of cystocele subtypes,which could provide imaging evidence for clinic diagnosis of this disease.

The authors tried to combine the theoretical learning with experimental and clinical teaching by adding teaching materials of public opinion,head-simulator,typical cases,clinical practice,examination of clinical operation skill,and make up with deficiency to some extend in current pattern of stomatology teaching. The results have showed that the pattern of experimental teaching not only raises the students'activity,consolidates their basic knowledge,develops their clinical thinking ability,but also increases their ability of clinical operational skill before clinical training.

Objective To better promote the health education and health promotion among patients with chronic disease, general practitioners (GPs) in the community should master the knowledge of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). This paper aimed to describe the current situation of GPs' knowledge about prevention and treatment of NCDs. Methods Self-designed questionnaires were issued to 1 077 GPs in community health service centers, and all GPs finished the questionnaire without assistance. The content of questionnaire includes the general information of GPs and six questions focusing on NCDs. Results Overall, 1 076 GPs completed the questionnaire, and the response rate was 99.9% (1 076/1 077). With regard to the six questions about NCDs, 90.4% (973/1 076) of GPs were well aware of the diagnosis of hypertension. Apart from that, the knowledge of diabetes mellitus (60.9%, 655/1 076), factors related to NCDs (70.2%, 755/1 076), the concepts of mental illness (52.0%, 560/1 076) and the clinical significance of tumor markers (87.9%, 946/1 076) among GPs were adequate, while more than half of the GPs did not know a lot about home oxygen therapy. Conclusion The mastering level of knowledge about prevention and treatment of NCDs among GPs varies that they need further improvement.