Objective To investigate the differences in visceral fat area measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis in different sex and age groups, and explore the relationship between visceral fat area and other metabolic risk factors. Methods This study enrolled 72 in-patients in the department of cardiology in Peking University First Hospital between August, 2014 and October, 2014. The visceral fat area and the subcutaneous fat area were measured by DUALSCAN HDS-2000 in all patients. Results were compared between different sex and age groups and the relationship between visceral fat area and metabolic risk factors were analyzed. Resu1ts Male had larger visceral fat area than female [ ( 114. 04 ± 38. 27 ) cm2 vs. (92. 09 ±30. 57)cm2, P=0. 019], while female had larger subcutaneous fat areas than male [(223. 92 ± 73. 58)cm2 vs. (270. 35 ± 82. 13) cm2, P =0. 019] . Subcutaneous fat area and visceral fat area were positively correlated in both male ( r=0. 777, P﹤0. 001) and female ( r=0. 601, P=0. 002). There were no significant differences in visceral fat area among different age groups (P=0. 582). And visceral fat area had a positive correlation with body mass index (r=0. 748, P﹤0. 001), waist-hip ratio (r=0. 577, P﹤0. 001), abdominal circumference (r =0. 752, P ﹤0. 001) and HbA1c levels (r =0. 413, P =0. 001). Conc1usions There are sex differences in visceral fat area and subcutaneous fat area. The visceral fat area max be related to blood glucose levels and presence of diabetes.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6 ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Loss of Heterozygosity ; Male ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; genetics

From the process of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) invading cells, the combination of gp120 and CD4 is the first step for HIV-1 to invade cells. Interfering with this process can prevent HIV from recognizing target cells and inhibit virus replication. Therefore, HIV-1 gp120 is an important part of the HIV-1 life cycle. Fostesavir, a phosphatate prodrug derived from the gp120 inhibitor BMS-626529 modified by the prodrug strategy, was approved for the treatment of adult patients with multidrug resistant HIV-1 infection by the US FDA and the European Medicines Agency in 2020 and 2021, respectively. In this review, we focus on the research progress of small molecule inhibitors targeting the interaction of gp120-CD4 from the perspective of medicinal chemistry, in order to provide reference for the subsequent research of gp120 inhibitors.

Objective To observe the effect of direct myocardial injection of platelet rich plasma (PRP) on cardiac function,ventricular remodeling and myocardial perfusion.Methods Myocardial infarction was induced in 30 Fisher rats by left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) ligation.One week after LAD ligation,rats in control group (n =15) received 0.5 ml saline myocardial injection and rats in PRP group (n =11 ) received 0.5 ml PRP myocardial injection.99Tcm-methoxyisobutylisonitrile (MIBI)gated single photon-emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging was applied at 1 week post LAD ligation and prior myocardial saline/PRP injection and repeated at 4 week post LAD ligation to assess myocardial perfusion and ejection fraction (EF),left ventricular end-diastolic volume ( LVEDV ),left ventricular end-systolic volume ( LVESV ),and the number of infarct segments.Results EF remained unchanged between 1 and 4 weeks post LAD ligation in control group and was significantly higher at 4 weeks post LAD ligation than at 1 week post LAD ligation in PRP group ( P ＜ 0.05 ).LVESV was significantly increased in the control group ( P ＜ 0.05 ) while remained unchanged in the PAP group ( P ＜ 0.05 ) at 4 weeks post LAD ligation compared that at 1 week post LAD ligation.LVEDV remained unchanged in the control group (P＞0.05) and significantly increased in the PRP group (P＜0.05) from 1 week to 4 weeks post LAD ligation.Myocardial perfusion remained unchanged in the control group and significantly improved in the PRP group at 4 week post LAD ligations.Histological examination also confirmed that PRP treatment can decrease infarct size [from (47 ± 19)％ to (36 ± 11 )％ ],increase ventricular wall thickness [ from (3.1 ± 0.9 )mm to ( 4.6 ± 1.8 ) mm ] ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusion Myocardial PRP injection could improve cardiac function and reperfusion in this rat model of acute myocardial infarction.

Purpose To investigate the relations of THEM4/Akt expression and extracellular matrix deposit in kidney of diabetic mice. Methods Diabetic mice models were successfully established by intraperitoneally injected STZ. Both normal control mice and diabetic mice were raised for 8 week until they were sacrificed. Western blot, immunohistochemistry and realtime PCR were used to detect the expression of THEM4, phospho-Akt (Ser 473), TGF-β1, a-SMA, Col Ш, FN protein and THEM4 mRNA in the kidneys of normal mice and diabetic mice. Results Compared to normal control mice, THEM4 expression decreased by 37.7％ followed by 3.66, 1.29 2.33, 1.99 and 2.82 times increased of phospho-Akt (Ser473), TGF-β1, a-SMA, Col Ш and FN in kidney of diabetes mellitus. Extracellular matrix accumulation was found in renal interstitial region of diabetic mice. Conclusion The decreased THEM4 might cause extracellular matrix deposit in kidney of diabetic mice by upregulating the phosphorylation of Akt and TGF-β1, α-SMA expression in diabetic mice.

Objective To investigate the effect of electroacupuncture on hypothalamic insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) in a rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods Sixty Wistar rats were randomized to a normal group (15 rats) and an observation group (45 rats). In the observation group, a rat model of T2DM was made by high-energy diet induction. After the model was successfully made 8 weeks later, the observation group was randomized to model making, treatment and blocker groups, 15 rats each. The treatment group received electroacupuncture and the blocker group, electroacupuncture plus intraventricular perfusion of phosphatidylinositol 3-hydroxyl kinase (PI3K) blocker. After 8 weeks of treatment, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) was measured using a glucometer, fasting insulin (Fins) was determined by ELISA, insulin resistance index (IRI) was calculated and IRS-1 expression was examined by SABC immunohistochemistry assay in every group of rats. Results FPG and Fins increased significantly (both P<0.01) and IRI and IRS-1 expression decreased significantly (P<0.01) in the model making group compared with the normal group. FPG and Fins decreased significantly (both P<0.01) and IRI and IRS-1 expression increased significantly (P<0.01) in the treatment group compared with the model making group. FPG and Fins decreased significantly (P<0.05, P<0.01) and IRI and IRS-1 expression increased significantly (P<0.01) in the treatment group compared with the blocker group. Conclusion Electroacupuncture can improve FPG, Fins and insulin sensitivity by regulating hypothalamic IRS-1 expression in T2DM rats.

Objective To study the expressions and the clinicopathologic significance of Ezrin and PTEN protein in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.Methods The ICC tissues (the ICC group) and the corresponding para-carcinoma tissues (the control group) were collected from 50 patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHC) to detect the expressions of Ezrin and PTEN protein by using SP immunohistochemistry (IHC).The clinicopathologic parameters were analyzed.Results The positive expression rates of Ezrin were 78.0％ (39/50) and 46.0％ (23/50) in the ICC group and the control group,respectively.The difference in expression between the two groups was statistically significance (P＜0.05).The expression of Ezrin in the ICC group was highly related to tumor size,differentiation grade,TNM stage,and lymphatic metastasis (P＜0.05),but it was not related to age,gender,serum CA19-9 level,hepatitis B virus infection,intrahepatic duct calculus (P＞0.05).The positive expression rates of PTEN was 46.0％ (23/50) and 88.0％ (44/50) in the ICC group and the control group,respectively.The difference in expression between the two groups was statistically significance (P＜0.05).The expression of PTEN in the ICC group was highly related to differentiation grade,TNM stage,and lymphatic metastasis (P＜0.05),but it was not related to age,gender,serum CA19-9 level,hepatitis B virus infection,tumor size,intrahepatic duct calculus (P＞0.05).There was a negative correlation between the expression of Ezrin and PTEN protein in ICC (r=-0.382,P＜0.01).Conclusion The abnormal and negative correlation between the expression of Ezrin and PTEN protein in ICC may play an important role in invasion and metastasis of ICC.

Purpose To study the clinicopathological characteristics,treatments and prognosis of primary pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (LELC).Methods Twenty cases of LELC were collected and the clinicopathological characteristics,immunohistochemical expression,survival data and clinical treatments were analyzed,with review of the literatures.Resuits Histopathologically,it was characterized by the syncytial pattern of growing with large vesicular nuclei,conspicuous nucleoli,and a marked lymphocytic infiltrate in the stroma that was similar to undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma.The immunohistochemical staining of CKpan showed positive expression in all cases (100％).Also the positive expression of in situ hybridization of Epstein-Bar virus-encoded RNA (EBER) were in all cases (100％) while the positive cases of CK5/6,p63 and p40 were 19,18,and 16 respectively.But gene mutations such as EGFR,K-RAS were negative.All the LELC patients in this cohort were survived until the deadline of follow-up.Comprehensive treatments were done such as surgical resection,radiotherapy and chemotherapy.Conclusion Primary pulmonary LELC is a rare disease that histomorphological analysis and immunohistochemistry are the main methods of diagnosis for it.It must be excluded the metastasis carcinoma from other locations.While both EGFR mutation and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)mutation could be commonly detected in non-small cell lung cancer,but seldom in LELC of lung.The high expression of PD1/PD-L1 may provide a rationale for immunotherapy in this subtype of lung cancer.Currently,experimental therapy is still taken in the pulmonary LELC.

Aim To investigate the effect of thioester-ase superfamily member 4(THEM4)expression on col-lagen secretion in human renal proximal tubular epithe-lial cells (HKC)treated with high glucose. Methods In order to examine the direct effect of THEM4 ex-pression vector on PI3K/ Akt pathway and collagen se-cretion,pYr-ads-4-THEM4 expression vector was con-structed and transfected into the HKC with lipo-fectamine 2000 in vitro. HKC cells were randomly di-vided into four groups:normal glucose group (Con-trol),high glucose group (HG),high glucose plus pYr-ads-4-THEM4 vector group (HG + THEM4 vec-tor) and high glucose plus pYr-adshuttle-4 vector group (HG + V vector). After 48 h with HG stimula-tion,the cells were collected for extraction of protein and phospho-Akt (Ser 473),THEM4,TGF-β1 andα-SMA protein expression were examined by Western blot and immunofluorescence staining respectively. Col Ⅰ and Col Ⅲ were detected using the competitive sandwich ELISA kit according to the manufacturer's instructions. Results High glucose inhibited THEM4 expression,and induced increased phospho-Akt (Ser 473),TGF-β1,α-SMA and secreted ColⅠand secre-ted Col Ⅲ in HKC cells. Up-regulation of THEM4 re-versed high glucose-induced decreased THEM4,in-creased phospho-Akt (Ser 473),TGF-β1,α-SMA, secreted Col Ⅰ and secreted Col Ⅲ in HKC cells. Conclusion The up-regulation of THEM4 may de-crease Col Ⅰ and Col Ⅲ secretion by inhibiting the phosphorylation of Akt and down-regulating the expres-sion of TGF-β1 and α-SMA in high glucose-induced HKC cells.

Objective To understand the characteristic of sexual behavior and their associated factors among male and female partners of men who have sex with men in Anhui province. Methods Cross-sectional studies were conducted among MSM in Hefei, Wuhu and Liuan in Anhui province. MSM were recruited through “snowball sampling” and “internet-based recruiting”, and eligible participant received an anonymous survey. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis model was used to identify risk factors associated with having sex with women in the last 6 months among MSM. Results Of the 1 200 MSM interviewed, 78.3% had anal sex with men, and 20.9% had vaginal intercourse with women, and 16.5% had sexual intercourse with both men and women in the past 6 months. Less MSM reported using condom every time with women (29.9%) in the past 6 months than with men (53.0%), and less reported using condom with women (52.2%) during the last sexual intercourse than with men(79.6%) (all P<0.05). The results of mutivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that MSM who were married(including currently married/cohabitating/divorced/widowed), lived more than 2 years in the surveyed city, and had commercial sex with men were more likely to have sex with women. Conclusions There was a high proportion of bisexual behavior and low rate of condom use among MSM. It should strengthen the sexual health education, risk perception education and behavioral intervention among MSM.