Purpose:To evaluate the effects of the implementation of “Guidelines of Diagnosis and Treatment for Common Cancers in China (Breast cancer)” in recent 10 years, and to provide evidence for decision making for Health Services.Methods:Continuously followed and randomly sampled hospitalized breast cancer cases in District hospitals and General hospitals, evaluated by clinical experts.Results:The rate of total agreement was 41.36%, the rate of essential agreement was 49.09% in 1996-1999. The sum of the two rates was 90.45%. The total agreement rates were without statistical difference among district hospitals, county hospitals and municipal general hospitals. There was no case of disagreement in municipal general hospitals. The disagreement rate in district hospitals went down from 7.69% in 1994 to 3.70% in 1999. The total agreement rate of cases with operation was 46.74%, higher than any group with other treatments. The proportion of cases with correct case stage classification was 47.33%.Conclusions:After implementation of the Guideline, the level of appropriate treatment was increasing. In order to raise the level of cancer diagnosis and treatment, and improve cure rate, survival rate and life quality, we must take measures on staff training, quality control, supportive environment, comprehensive patient management and patient transfer policies.[

Objective To explore the effects of hypericin on inhibition of hepatitis 15 virus (HBV) replication.Methods The concentration gradient hypericin was added to HepG2.2.15 cell culture system and lamivudine was used as control.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Southern blot were used to examine HBsAg,HBeAg and HBV DNA level in the culture supernatant,respectively.Half inhibitory concentration (IC50) and half effective concentration (EC50) of hypericin were calculated.The effects of hypericin on HBV DNA polymerase were detected by 32p marked deoxy-ribonucleoside triphosphate as the substrate. Independent sample t-test and single factor analysis of variance were used to compare the data between two groups and among multiple groups.Results The inhibition rates of hypericin on HBsAg, HBeAg were enhanced with hypericin concentration increasing and those were higher than lamivudine control group when the concentration was higher than 0.5 μmol/L (t=-0.127,P＜0.05).Southern blot confirmed that hypericin was stronger in inhibition of HBV DNA (EC50=0.2 μmol/L) than lamivudine (t=-0.058,P＜0.05).Hypericin was non-toxic on HepG2.2.15 cells in the range of test with EC50 of 0.2 μmol/L and IC50 of 200 μmol/L.Hypericin did not act on HBV DNA polymerase which was quite different from lamivudine.Conclusions Hypericin can effectively inhibit HBV replication as well as antigen synthesis and is non-toxic on HepG2.2.15 cell.The anti-HBV target of hypericin is different from nucleos(t)ide analogues.

A further observation was conducted on the ultrastructure of mother sporccyst (Ms),daughter sporocyst in the brood chamber (b-Ds),migrating daughter sporccyst (mi-Es) and daughter sporocyst in the liver tissue (1-Ds) of Oncomelania hupensis by scanning and transmission electron microscopy.There are 5 points worthy of mention here,namely:(1)A special structure,microvilli polymerizing cisterna,is found on the tegument of 52-day-old Ms branche in all directions and a tubule-like structure is connected to the matrix of the tegument,The significance of this structure may be dealed with the metabolism and transport of the parasite.(2) The tegumental spines appear on 52-day-old Ms.(3) The function of multilaminated vesicle in the tegument of 1-Ds may be associated with the turning over of the surface coat of the larvae and the copatibiltiy between parasite and molluscan host.(4) Abundant ?-glycogen granules and mitochondria appear in the cytoplasm of parenchyma cell of brood chamber of Ms and Ds.It is proposed that the parenchymal cells not only served as the filling material,but also serve as the nursing cells for the regulation of asexual reproduction of the sporocysts.(5)The orientation of muscle fibers of the head of the mi-Ds and narrow node region of 1-Ds shows a well development of the inner longitudinal fibers adjacent to the outer circular muscle layer.They run anlero-posteriorly or vertically from the dorsal to the ventral.The pattern of muscle fibers may account for the activity of these regions of the parasite.(Figs 1-8)In short,the presentation of microvilli polymerizing cisterna,multilamilated vesicle,?-glycogen granules in parenchymal cell,the genesis of spine and the pattern of muscle fibers of the larval stage of schistosome might be helpful in understanding the asexual reproductive physiology of the parasite.

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation of serum copper levels and mental health in psychiatric shift nurses.Methods The participants were divided into day shift nurses(control group,n=60) and night shift nurses(n=60).The concentrations of trace mineral,serum biochemical levels,inflammatory and oxidative markers in blood samples of 120 shift nurses were measured.The depressive mood was measured with second edition of Chinese version of the Beck Depression Inventory,(BDI-Ⅱ).Results The night shift nurses showed moderate-to-severe depression levels,which were significantly higher than those of the day shift nurses,23.3％ (14/60) and 11.7％ (7/60) vs.6.7％ (4/60)and 1.7％ (1/60),x2=6.536,4.82,P ＜ 0.05.Night-shift nurses also had higher levels of serum copper,hs-CRP,IL-6,T-SOD and Cu-Zn SOD than the control group,(19.57±4.14) μmol/L vs.(18.03±3.20) μmol/L,1.32(0.78-1.89) rng/L vs.0.89(0.45-1.44) mg/L,68.54 (51.43-96.78) ng/L vs.56.39 (35.56-78.71) ng/L,(66.78±14.72) kU/L vs.(47.32±17.84) kU/L,(54.22±14.91) kU/L vs.(48.17±17.23) kU/L,t=-3.133～-2.057,P ＜0.01 or 0.05.BDI-Ⅱ scores correlated positively with serum copper,hs-CRP,IL-6,T-SOD and Cu-Zn SOD,r=0.248-0.457,all P ＜ 0.01.In night shift group,multivariate regression analysis showed that serum copper,hs-CRP,IL-6 and T-SOD (β=0.097-5.340,P＜ 0.01 or 0.05) were independently related factors influencing BDI-Ⅱ scores (R2 =0.609,P =0.000).Conclusions Serum copper may serve as an evaluation index for depressive mood in psychiatric shift nurses,and serum copper concentrations in night shift nurses should be monitored regularly.Clinical Trial Registry Chinese Clinical Trial Registry,ChiCTR-OOC-14005540.

Aim To investigate the effect of chlorogen-ic acid,caffeic acid,and ferulic acid on expression of molecules related with inflammatory response of HMECs induced by activated complement alternative pathway.Methods CVF was used to activate the al-ternative pathway of serum complement.After exposure of HMECs to activate complement for various times, supernatant of cell culture was removed and assayed for content of ICAM-1,IL-6,IL-8,t-PA,and PAI-1 u-sing ELISA kits.The expression of the above mole-cules induced by activated complement was measured after HMECs were pre-treated with 50,100,250 μmol ·L-1 of CGA,CA,and FA.Results After HMECs were exposed to the product of the activated comple-ment alternative pathway,the expression of ICAM-1 , IL-6,IL-8,t-PA,and PAI-1 was up-regulated.The expression of ICAM-1,IL-6,IL-8,t-PA,and PAI-1 was down-regulated by various concentrations of CGA, CA,and FA.ICAM-1 and IL-8 were inhibited most significantly in all molecules mentioned above.CA ex-hibited the best intervention effect,followed by FA. Conclusion Certain concentration of CGA,CA,and FA can inhibit the expression of ICAM-1,IL-6,IL-8, t-PA,and PAI-1 in HMECs induced by the activation of the alternative complement pathway,indicating that CGA,CA,and FA can inhibit inflammatory response of HMECs.

Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Phytotherapy ; Rheumatic Diseases ; diagnosis ; drug therapy

Objective To investigate the expression and importance of basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF)in renal tissue of doxorubicin-induced nephropathy rats,and discuss its possible role in minimal change nephrotic syndrome(MCNS).Methods Fifty male Wistar rats were enrolled in this study.They were randomly divided into normal group(n=10)and nephropathic group(n=40).The nephropathic group was established by a single intraperitoneal injection of doxorubicin 5 mg/kg.The rats of nephropathic group were killed on the 3rd,7th,14th and 28th day and 24 h urinary protein of all rats was measured.Normal group rats were killed on the 28th day.bFGF level in renal tissue was determined with immunohistochemistry assays,and was quantitatively analyzed with color image analysis system.The SPSS 10.0 software was used to obtain t-test of various groups and correlation analysis of 2 variables.Results 1.The 24 h urinary protein of nephropathy rats increased gradually on the 7th,14th and 28th day,and it was greatly higher than that in control group(Pa

Objective To train students'divergent thinking and the ability of innovation in functionalexperimental lesson. Methods Ask students to make the assumptions of animals' death and to verify them by anatomy in the experimental test,then to analyze them in multilateral ways. Results This method could heighten studtns'initiative and improve their ability of ob-servation and analysis. On the other hand,divergent thinking could be trained and interest of in-novation could be improved by this way. Conclusion The quality of teaching can be improved by overall analysis of the cause of animals'death

Adult ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Chromosome Disorders ; epidemiology ; Gold ; Humans ; Lymphocytes ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mining ; Occupational Exposure ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the awareness of non-respiratory physicians to the diagnosis and medical treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in 370 non-respiratory physicians from 9 hospitals of Beijing.All the subjects were required to complete a self-administrated questionnaire.Chi-square test and analysis of variance were used for data analysis.Results The physicians in the first-grade hospitals had lower awareness of COPD than those in the second-or third-grade hospitals (57.5 ± 17.1,67.1 ± 15.0 and 68.9± 13.6,respectively; F=18.75,P＜0.05).Moreover,the residency and attending physicians were found to have lower awareness of COPD than chief physicians (61.4± 12.9,61.4± 15.0 and 79.3± 13.2,respectively; F=34.82,P＜0.05).Conclusion The medical knowledge on the management of COPD might be poor among non-respiratory physicians in Beijing.Primary healthcare workers and non-respiratory physicians should pursue intensive COPD training in the furture.